Survey on socio-demographic, means of communication,

SCIO-ECONOMIC and basic vital statistics of SErBO

OMOTICHO KEBELE SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA

BY: SERBO OMOTICHO KEBELE

oct3, 2017

Jimma, Ethiopia

Contents

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TEAM MEMMBERS....................................................................................................................................3
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................4
Abbreviation and acronyms.........................................................................................................................4
1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Statement of the problems................................................................................................................7
2. Review of Related Literatures..................................................................................................................8
2.1 Ethnic Groups....................................................................................................................................8
2.2 Languages....................................................................................................................................8
2.3 Religions............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Objectives......................................................................................................................................10
3.1 General Objectives....................................................................................................................10
3.2 Specific objectives......................................................................................................................10
4. Methods and Means of Survey/Data Collection....................................................................................12
4.1 Study Area and Period.....................................................................................................................12
4.2 Study Design....................................................................................................................................12
4.3 Study Population and Sampling Technique......................................................................................12
4.4 Measurement of Study Variables....................................................................................................14
4.5 Data Collection Tools and Measurements.......................................................................................14
4.6 Data analysis....................................................................................................................................15
4.7 Ethical consideration.......................................................................................................................15
5. Results...................................................................................................................................................16
6. Discussion..........................................................................................................................................26
7. Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................28
8. Recommendations.............................................................................................................................28
9. Problem identification.......................................................................................................................29
10. Problem prioritization....................................................................................................................29
11. Action Plan.....................................................................................................................................30
12. References.....................................................................................................................................32

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TEAM MEMMBERS
NAME ID NO
1 Muluken Bezabih EV00209/06
2 Tekilewold EV00232/06
3 Nefisa Kemal EVOO214/06
4 Cherinet Belete EV00169/06
5 Andualem Getachew EV00162/06
6 Zertihun Dejene EV00248/06
7 Helina Getaneh EV00186/06
8 Mekides Biresaw EV00199/06
9 Lemilem Gashaw EV00189/06
10 Gedamu Mulatu EV00548/05
11 Abezu EV0055/05
12 Alemayehu EV0055/06
13 Tizita Ofikola EV00234/06

Acknowledgement

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 Abbreviation and acronyms
 CBE Community Based Education

 CBR Crude Birth Rate

 CBTP Community Based Training Program

 CDR Crude Death Rate

 CIA Central intelligence agency

 CSA Central Statistics Agency

 DHS Demographic Health Survey

 DTTP Development Team Training Program

 EDHS Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

 ETH Ethiopian

 GFR General Fertility Rate

 HI Health Institution

 IMR Infant Mortality Rate

 NC Natural Change

 PHC Primary Health Care

 SNNPR Southern nation nationalities and peoples regions

 SRP Student Research Program

 TFR Total Fertility Rate

 TTBA Trained Traditional Birth Attendant

 TTP Team Training Program

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  UN Unite nation

 WHO World health organization

1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Jimma University is Ethiopia’s first innovative community oriented educational institute of
higher learning. It was found in response to Ethiopia’s commitment and adaptation of PHS as a
strategy for solving health problems and improving health services. This commitment comes
from the awareness of need for innovative training in the educational philosophy of Community
Based Educational (CBE).

The CBE is the finest strategy towards the development of close relations between the educated
young students and the community. It is the composite of many parts, the learning environment
which is the community, is the background of this learning activity. The residents in the
community are the core for study. Then, we students are the next members supported by our
university (from professional supervisors to mini task workers). At the end, the sole purpose
would be to make benefit for both the students and the community.

CBE is a large whole of multiple components. Some of its parts are

 CBTP (Community Based Training Program)

 TTP (Team Training Program)

 SRP (Student Research Program)

 DTTP (Development Team Training Program)

Each of these parts in turn is stratified to multiple parts with multiple strategies.

In this report, we are concerned with the first part that is CBTP. The community based training
program is a multi-disciplinary training and integrated training service with some research
principles like

 Planning educational goals and objectives

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  Field survey

 Scientific data analysis

 Recognizing results

 Finding anomalies and target issues most of which related to current prevailing
problems

 Finding and shaping strategies for permanent solution of each problem

 Prediction of future events based on trends of early years

1.2 Statement of the problems

Our county as being one the worlds’ countries with high percentage of unemployed faces, a large
number of problems regarding every situation including socio-economic problems, distribution
of basic needs and availability of social services are of common and prior level of attention for
early intervention

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2. Review of Related Literatures
In history, though not known by its current name, survey of population statistics has profound
roots. In early time’s rulers of land used to count residents of their land (the right language is
‘their subjects) for purposes much deviating from its true purpose. Czar of Rome is one we are
all familiar for his hellish greed, he counted children below age 2 and half and slaughter them.
Besides, Kings do use people count just for fame and personal happiness.

Right now, survey of the socio-demographic factors and vital statistics of certain population is of
greater purpose and advantage with prolific advantages, countless goals of future sustainable
plans and healthy community, cities and even countries.

More knowledge of CBTP based programs can be pinpointed from different angles of different
situations, but Ethiopians, we prefer to site instances from Ethiopia.

2.1 Ethnic Groups

The country's population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups. Most
people in Ethiopia speak Afro-asiatic mainly of the Semetic or Cushitic branches. The latter
include the Oromo, Amhara,Tigray and Somali, which together make up three-quarters of the
population.

Nilosaharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities also inhabit the southern regions of the
country, particularly in areas bordering South Sudan. Among these are the Mursi and Anuak.

2.2Languages
There are 90 individual languages of Ethiopia. 77 tongues are spoken locally. Oromo
(official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language)
29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya)
(official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage
2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%,

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Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, Arabic and English (major foreign language
taught in schools).Amharic is the only official national language although Afan Oromo enjoys
almost equal number of native speakers. It was also the language of primary school instruction,
but has been replaced in many areas by local languages such as Afan Oromo and
Tigrinya. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in all secondary
schools.

2.3 Religions
Ethiopia is a multi-religious country. Most of the Christians live in the highlands, while
the Muslims mainly inhabit the lowlands. Adherents of traditional faiths are primarily
concentrated in the southern regions. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Protestant 18.5% (which
include Ethiopian Orthodox Tehadiso Church and the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane
Yesus), Muslim 33.9%, traditional (2.7%), Catholic 0.7%, all others 0.6%. A small Ethiopian
Jewish community also resides in the northern parts of the country although almost all of them
have immigrated to Israe

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3.1 Objectives
3.1 General Objectives
 To assess the socio-demographic characters, vital statistics, means of communication,
socio-economic status and Morbidity of population of Serbo omoticho kebele from
junwary 16-18 2017.

3.2 Specific objectives

1. House numbering, zoning and mapping.
2. To determine basic vital statistics indicators.
3. To gather records of the major socio-demographic factors
4. To identify means of communication.
5. To determine community income (specific for each family).
6. To identify the major community problems.
7. To identify, organize, prioritize and plan for common problems in the community.
8. To collect,analyze and interpret health related data.

Goals

The foundation of any system is to achieve a specific goal. Regarding CBTP, the goal of this
program is to sustain the well-being of the community on the roots of educated, scientific
societies like university students, trained professionals and funding’s.

The above major goal is only possible if and only if the following also succeed.

 Point out major problems regarding the health status of the community

 Measure the standard of living of residents regarding income status, occupational

safety and apt and mature use of resources

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  Give strategic and scientific plans to minimize risks and create solutions for
prevailing problems

 Forecast future events of specific importance with regard to community well-being

 Intervene when situations arise that demand greater quality of judgment and wisdom

Benefits

The primary advantage of CBTP is the assurance of safe, protected, healthy and
amiable life for each member of the community including the educated group of the
society. This can be expressed with different parameters.

 Prevalence of health coinciding with reduced death rate, improved maternal health,
improved life style (cause for diminished non-communicable diseases)

 Improved living environment, with cheaper and quality products for consumption

 Widespread educational living, updated information source and preferred life of

occupation

 Healthy social relationships of mutual benefits

MATERIALS AND METHODS

. The area is foud 18 km east to JIMMA UNIVERSITY main campus the kebele consist
three zones.

.study period january16-18-2017

.study design is systematic study

.population

Source population all members of omotichos zone

Study population by 3 interval

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4. Methods and Means of Survey/Data Collection
4.1 Study Area and Period
Babo Kebele is located in Oromia region Jimma zone, Kersa woreda. The Kebele shares a
common boundary with Tekur Balto and Serbo woreda in the east, Girma in north, Merewa
kebele in west and Ankeso kebele in south.

This kebele is one of those kebeles that surround Jimma University. It is as if the university
shaped kebele. The status of the kebele is almost totally rular.

Based on recent changes of the climatic condition of the area, the weather is more of woyina
dega than kolla. This kebele lies at 1500-1800 meter above sea level. The ground is hilly with
only 2 streams, called kelecha and Birbirsa , that are used for minor irrigation on a little over 78
hectares.

Residents of Babo Kebele sustain life by the following means; agriculture (farming), mixed
agriculture with animal husbandry, trading, handicraft, daily labour and government and private
organizations and companies (Source: from data and maps in the kebele). The study has been
conducted in Jimma zone, Babo Kebele from July 3 to July 5, 2015.

4.2 Study Design

Community based cross-sectional study was conducted.

4.3 Study Population and Sampling Technique

The kebele has about 436 households which are quite large, sparsely populated, with ups and
downs geographical feature and expensive to survey by our limited man power and resources.
Thus, the best thing to do is to take a sample that best represents the population. To do so, the
most efficient way is using systematic random sampling technique. Starting from a random

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house by lottery method to identify the first household, and continuing the survey in interval 2
gives a more reliable data.

Sample Size (n) Determination

n= Z2P(I-P)

d2

Where n= sample size

p= 50% estimated population having means communication

d=o.o5 total error

Z= Confidence interval (1.96)

N= Total number of household above 10,000

n = {(1.96)2 (0.5) (1-0.5)}/ (0.05)2 = 384

The adjusted formula (Population correction formula) is used when the total # of
household is below 10,000. From your N above, the total house hold is greater than 10,000. So,
no need to use population correction formula.

Nf = __n__

1+n/N

Where Nf = the minimum sample size

n = sample size

N = total number of households

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 Nf = 384/(1+384/899)=269

K = 899/269= 3.34 =3 (interval)

In our case, we use the adjusted formula to find the sample size, which after calculation becomes
269 households.

4.4 Measurement of Study Variables

The study variables are the major socio-demographic factors, vital statistics components, socio-
economic factors and all event representing variables worth attention for a deeper understanding
and profound study of our community. They are classified in different ways among which the
one written below is the commonest and most effective for easy understanding and
comprehension.

This classification is based on dependent and independent variables

Dependent variables

Family income

Birth

Death

Education level

Means of communication

Size of population

Independent variables

Age

sex

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Marital status

Ethnicity

Religion

4.5 Data Collection Tools and Measurements

The data was collected through every 3 house visiting and interviewing the household head or
spouse. Structured questionnaires including different questions related to socio-demographic
factors, means communication, health and health related data and vital statistics were presented.

By using the material such as quationaris,pencils,marker and parker,paper,calculator,Maping

paper,file holder ruler car for transport.

4.6 Data analysis

The collected data was tallied, organized, processed and analyzed using MS-Excel. The mean,
median, percentages of the numerical data are then presented in the form of statements, charts
and graphs as necessary.

4.7 Ethical consideration

An official letter was written to the Keble before our data collection date. The society norms,
culture and values were made taken in to consideration by each member of our survey group.

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5. Results
5.1 Socio-demographic data

A total of 204 household were include in this survey. The following is the data that is collected
and analyzed from Babo Kebele residents we interviewed and we try to put it in a more relaxed
and easily understood manner using different presentation techniques.

Table 1: Age – Sex distribution of population of Babo kebele,Kersa woreda, Jimma

zone,Oromia region study population July,3-5,2015

Age Male Female

Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
0-4 43 6.86 33 6.15
5-9 87 13.89 69 12.85
10-14 90 14.38 97 18.06
15-19 95 15.18 92 17.13

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 20-24 47 7.5 45 8.38
25-29 57 9.11 37 6.89
30-34 29 4.63 49 9.12
35-39 52 8.31 35 6.52
40-44 49 7.83 27 5.03
45-49 27 4.31 13 2.42
50-54 4 0.01 20 3.72
55-59 20 3.19 7 1.37
60-64 15 2.39 8 1.49
>65 11 1.76 5 0.93
Total 626 100 537 100

5.2 Marital Status

From the total of study participants 983 who were above 10 years 549(55.85%) were single,
428(43.54%) married, 4(0.41%) widowed and 2(0.20%) were divorced. This implies us most of
the Babo kebele population were single and few of them were divorced.

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 0.2 0.4

43.5 married
single
divorced
widowed
55.85

Fig .1. Marital status pie chart

5.3 Relationship Status

From 1163 study population,417(35.86%) were son , 334(28.72%) daughter,head male
198(17.02%),head female 6(0.52%),spouse 198(17.02%),other relative 8(0.68%),non-
relative 2(0.17%)

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 As we know, in Ethiopia, most of the heads are males but in this kebele there are females
also in leading the household. Spouses are equal in number with the male heads, this
could be due to the prevalence of divorce or death. Also in this study community one can
see that number of young sons is more predominate. From other relatives residing in the
family only 8 are counted. The other point which is more significant is the figure of non-
relatives in which almost none.

Non-relative Other relative Son daughter spouse Head M Head F

Fig.2. relationship status

5.4Ethnicity

The ethnic distribution of Babo Kebele is a almost homogenized and dominated by one ethnic
groups. This is principally because it is found in the Oromia region which Oromo ethnicity is the
major group of people present as residents. This case is stricter and fully present at kebeles that
are located outside the main town of Jimma.

5.5 Religion

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From our research on religion in Babo Kebele, out of 1163 sample of population, 1135(97.59%)
were Muslim, 28(2.41%) were Orthodox, Protestant and Other religion were not exist in this
kebele.

Table.2 Religion status of Babo kebele, Kersa wereda,Jimma zone,Oromia region study
population July,3-5,2015.

Religion Number
Muslim 1135
Orthodox 28
Protestant 0
Other 0

5.6. Educational Status

The other data that we have collected from the survey is the education level of the Babo kebele.
Out of this a number of illiterate people were 468(41.23%) and 667(58.77%) were literate. We
can try to show on the pie chart as follows.

41%
iltate
ltate
59%

Fig.4 Educational status of Babo kebele.

5.7 Occupational status

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The table below indicates us there are different varieties of occupation status in Babo kebele
which people work for their livelihood. The data indicates that most of the population is students
with 551(52.63%). From the total sample size of population, other than being a student, most of
them are farmer 293(27.98%) and in this kebele there is no carpenter and tella-sellar.

Table .3 Occupational status of Babo keble from july 3-5,2015.

Occupational status Frequency Percentage %

Farmer 293 27.98

Housewife 94 8.98
Student 551 52.63
Government employee 6 0.57
Merchant 17 1.62
Soldier 2 0.19
Shepherd 17 1.62
Blacksmith 4 0.38
Carpenter 0 0

Tella seller 0 0

Weaker 20 1.91
Unemployed 8 0.78
Bartender 2 0.19
Under age/over age 29 2.77

Other 4 0.38

Total 1047 100

5.8 Income Status

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The income status of Babo Kebele residents is one of the dependent variables we collected.
Based on our questionnaire, we have managed to collect the possible annual income and we
calculated it from agricultural products by the current price per quintals. Depending on the above
table most of people in Babo Kebele found under low income.A few families have daily medium
income. Since we are in Ethiopia, only few families are categorized under rich based on their
income.

Table.4 Annual Income of Babo kebele,Kersa wereda,Jimma zone of Oromian region study
of population July,3-5,2015.

<9515(ETH birr) >=9515(ETH birr)

number percent Number Percent
129 63.24% 75 36.76%

5.9 Means of Communication

Means of communication is a system and process that is used to broadcast information by variety
of means of like Radio, Television, Telephone, Public Telephone, Newspaper and Postal services
.From our sample, the most commonly used means of communication was Radio. We have
discovered 139(68.14%) of the people used it. Our data shows news papers which accounts
28(13.73%), post service which account 12(5.88%),television were 2(0,98%).Telephone and
Public telephone were not serve as means of communication in Babo kebele.

Table.5. means of communication of Babo kebele population study in July,3-5,2015

Means of communication Frequency

Radio 139
TV set 2
Public telephone 0
News paper 28

postal Service 12
Telephone 0

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 5.10 Vital statistical data

The only division in this group is one we most likely want to spend our time discussing and
paraphrasing ,because it touches us as we are medical laboratory students. It is the health related
data.

5.10.1Fertility Rate

Finding Fertility rate is most important to the health workers in planning services and facilities
for mothers , infants and children the following basic formulas are used as standards

 Crude birth rate.

CBR is one of the most widely used of fertility measures. It is obtained from

CBR = number of birth in 1 year x k

Total number of population

Where k=1000

= 22x1000/1163=18.72

Table-6 Fertility rate of Babo kebele population during July,3-5,2015

Age of mother Status of birth Place of birth Attendant of delivery

Live Still home HI TTBA professional Untrained
birth birth
15-19 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

20-24 3 0 3 0 2 0 1
25-29 7 0 5 2 3 2 2
30-34 5 1 4 2 2 2 2
35-39 2 1 2 1 2 1 0
40-44 1 0 0 1 0 1 0

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 45-49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 19 3 15 7 10 7 5

5.10.2 Mortality status

Based on the below table, the data collected on the occurrence of death in family presents the last
year incident that must have happened prior to data collection. The majority age group of prior
attention is to those above 65 years of age.

Death crude rate = number of death x 1000

Total number of population

= 9x1000/1163 = 7.74

Table.7. Mortality rate of Babo kebele population during July,3-5,2015

age sex Cause of death Couse of

A death
M F Diarrhoea malaria Hypertention Other

0-4 1 0 1 0 0 1

5-9 0 0 0 0 0 0

10-14 0 0 0 0 0 0

15-19 0 0 0 0 0 0

20-24 0 0 0 0 0 0

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25-29 0 0 0 0 0 0

30-34 0 0 0 0 0 0

35-39 1 0 0 0 0 1

40-44 0 0 0 0 0 0

45-49 0 0 0 0 0 0

50-54 0 1 0 1 0 0

55-59 0 0 0 0 0 0

60-64 1 1 0 0 1 1

>65 3 1 0 1 1 2
Total 6 3 1 2 2 4

5.10.3 Morbidity Status

When we look at the type of the diseases, most of Babo kebele community were affected by
cough disease. Also diarrhea disease has a prevalence of second next to cough disease, feverish
is the third disease and other is the fourth common disease in this kebele and we understand that
most people are affected by cough chronic diseases rather than acute diseases that are already
mentioned on our questionnaire. Cigarette smoking and chewing chats are one of the few we
consider to be major causes for other diseases.

Table.8.Morbidity status of Babo kebele population study during July,3-5,2015

Age Sex Cause of diseases

M F Diarrhea Other cough Feverish

0-4 2 1 2 0 1 0

5-9 1 0 1 1 0 0

10-14 1 2 0 0 1 0

15-19 0 1 0 0 1 0

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20-24 0 2 1 0 1 0

25-29 0 1 0 0 0 1

30-34 1 3 1 0 2 1

35-39 2 0 0 1 1 0

40-44 3 2 0 1 3 1

45-49 0 1 0 0 1 0

50-54 1 0 1 0 1 0

55-59 0 1 0 0 0 1

60-64 0 2 0 0 2 0

>65 0 0 0 0 0 1

Total 11 16 6 3 14 4

6. Discussion
When we compere our data collection with other data collection of another kebele or with the
same area we investigate the following views;

 In Babo kebele a number of male is larger than that of female

 Most of the people in this kebele were found under the age of 10-19 ,while the age of
people another kebele found in 20-30.
 Major disease in this area were cough us we compare with another kebele.

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Limitations and problems

This particular group of cons is one we encountered during our survey that had the potential to
limit us from exploiting the far most possible ranges of factors.

We have actually managed to overcome them with some help from our supervisors and kebele
employees. Some are

 Community frustration

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  Cannot to remember their income in short period of time, during
interview.

Problems encounters

Besides the encountered limitations which we managed to put out, there were incidents and cases
which we cannot control and had direct effect on the results we pulled out. They are

 Misunderstanding on the side of respondents

 Unwillingness to responds

 Approximation of results on possible reasoning

 Left out questions specifically on lines requiring specification and clarification.

Solution

 We tried to group students who speak A/Oromo into groups.

 We tried to explain the objective of the study to the community.

7. Conclusion
The current community based survey showed that:

 The common means of communication that used by Babo kebele were radio.

 .Dominant religion in this kebele were Muslim.

 Almost all of Babo kebele community were Oromo ethnicity.

 The number of male is greater than female in this kebele.

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  The most common disease in Babo kebele was cough disease.

 Under poverty, yet quite surprising number of people are middle class citizens.

The next step in our program is the formulation of an action plan that will help us properly solve
and eradicate the problems.

8. Recommendations
Besides the above stated action plans, we also recommend some motives and ideas..

 We recommend health professionals to educate the community on different aspects of

health.

 We recommend kebele administrators to work with the community and health

professionals on ways of averting the effects of the previously identified problems.

 We recommend the active involvement of the private sector in elevating the standard of
some services we assume are critical to be served at their best.

 We also recommend that people specially from higher education institutes be honest,
diligent and open-minded towards the current prevailing problems and do their best.

 We recommend to Jimma zone health office, Oromiya health office and MoH to give
attention to the Major health problems of the area.

 To Jimma Zone water resource beurea NGO’s, Oromiya water resource office and Water
and energy minister office to construct underground water supply to Babo kebele.

 To Jimma university and CBE office to coordinate NGO’s to solve the problem of Babo
kebele.

9. Problem identification
The next step towards the ultimate goal of the program is the realization and identification of the
different prevailing problems. From our course of action, we have managed to identify the
following.

 High home delivery

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  Mortality rate

 Cough disease

 High morbidity rate (diarrhea)

10.Problem prioritization
The next step of the program is prioritization of the prevailing problems. This is an important
step since it is the major part that actually questions the resource capacity of the community
towards the relief to the problems.

There are some parameters for the appropriate stratification of the identified problems.

 the magnitude of the problem

 the severity of the problem

 the feasibility of the problem

 the attention of the community draws towards the problem

 the attention of the government gives towards the problem

Problem Magnitude severity feasibility Attention of the Total grade

government out of 20%
High morbidity rate 4 2 4 5 15
High home delivery 5 4 2 5 16
Cough disease 2 4 6 5 17
diarrhea 3 3 5 5 16
Fever illness 4 2 4 5 15

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 11. Action Plan
The following table consists our action plans we sure are able to implement at community level.

For the sake of simplicity and to clearly show what we do for the coming years, we put our
action plan in table form.

Problem Objectiv Strategy Target Activities Responsible Resource Time

e bodies indicato
r

High To Give Communit Give  Health  Man On

home reduce education y of Babo education extension powe CBTP
delivery by 15% about HI kebele about workers r phase II
rate delivery. maternal  Budge
health t

High To Educate Communit  Sanitati  Woreda  Man On

morbidit reduce communit y of Babo on health powe CBTP
y by 25% y about kebele  Health office r phase II
( cough their educ.  Kebele  Budge
and health  Safe administr t
diarrhea) water ative
supply
High To Educate Communit Health  MoH  Man On
mortalit (reduce the y of Babo education  Health powe CBTP
y by 20%) communit kebele offices r phase II
y  Budge
t

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12.References
 Central Statistical Agency (CSA) census (2014):

 Ethiopian Demographic and health Survey-(2014)

 National Statistics Agency, EDHS 2010.

 Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results

 WHO-World Report( of Ethiopia)-(2010)

 UN data general information