Kinetic molecular theory

Kinetic molecular theory states that:

● All matter is made up of particles (Atoms, molecules or ions).

● The particles of matter are always in constant motion.

● Due to their motion, the particles have kinetic energy.

● There are forces of attraction and repulsion between the particles.

Summary of the differences in the phases/states of matter
 Summary of real vs ideal gases
Ideal gases Real gases
Does not really exist in real life It really exists in real life environment
environments and is a hypothetical gas

No intermolecular attraction forces Has Intermolecular attraction forces

Independent Interacts with others

Elastic collision of particles Inelastic collisions between particles

No definite volume Definite volume

The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

Gas particles must collide with :

I. The correct orientation
II. And sufficient energy, equal to or greater than the activation energy
III. In order for effective collisions to take place.
When does a real gas deviate from an ideal gas?

● A real gas deviates most from an ideal gas at low temperatures and high pressures.
● Gases are most ideal at high temperature and low pressure.

Gases deviate from ideal gas behavior at high pressure

Real gases deviation from ideal gases

Gases deviate from ideal gas behavior at low

temperature
 Boyle’s Law
The volume of an enclosed gas is inversely proportional to pressure at
constant temperature.

● P1V1 = P2V2 (on formula sheet)