Real Gas: Deviations

from Ideal Behaviour

Made by: CHIN KEAN WOON,
CASSANDRA LIAW YI JEAN,
LAI SOON ONN,
ISMITA SOFIYA BINTI KAMAL PACHA
1)A gas that obeys the ideal gas law
is called an ideal gas. A real gas that
obeys the ideal gas equation is said
to exhibit ideal gas behaviour.
2)Two assumptions made by kinetic theory about ideal
gases are:

 Thevolume of the gas molecules are negligible

compared to the total volume of the gas.
 There is no intermolecular force of attraction or
repulsion.
3)Deviation of real gases from ideal behavior occurs
because

 Gas molecules have finite volume that cannot be

ignored
 Intermolecularforces of attraction exist between
the gas molecules and cannot be ignored
4.Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour is shown by the plot of
PV/PT against P(for 1 mol of gas)

• The behavior of several real gases with increasing external pressure

• Horizontal line show the behaviour of ideal gas.
• For 1 mol of ideal gas , PV/RT=1 at all pressure
The deviation of N2 gas at different temperature.
Deviation are higher at low temperature
5.All gases exhibit near ideal behaviour
at low pressure and high temperature
1)At low pressure, the volume occupied by the gas is large
 The volume of gas molecules is comparatively small and
can be ignored
 As molecules are far apart, the intermolecular force can
be ignored
2)At high temperature, the kinetic energy of molecules are
high
 The intermolecular forces is insignificant and can be
ignored
6.Real gases deviate significantly from ideal
behaviour at high pressure and low temperature
1)At high pressure, the volume occupied by the gas is small
 The volume of the gas molecules cannot be ignored
 At very high pressure, repulsive forces between molecules
become significant, and make the gas less compressible
2)At low temperature, the kinetic energy of molecules are
low
 The intermolecular forces become more apparent
7.PV/RT curve decrease below
ideal value at moderately high
pressure and then rise above it as
pressure increase further. This
arises from two overlapping
effects of the two characteristics
of real gas molecules
  Negative deviation (PV/RT<1)

 Atmoderately high pressure,

intermolecular interactions lower the force
of collision of molecules with the walls of
the container
 Positive deviation (PV/RT>1)

 Atvery high pressure, more gas molecules

are packed within the container. The
volume of these gas molecules, though
small, cannot be ignored
8.H2 and He show positive deviation
only at all pressure. Due to the
small molecular size and non-
polarity of the molecules, the
intermolecular attractive force is
insignificant. The molecular volume
effect predominates at all pressure
9.Gases with large and polar
molecule deviate more from ideal
behavior due to stronger
intermolecular forces of attraction
No. of molecules per unit volume is low, volume of No. of molecules per unit volume is high, volume of
gas molecules is comparatively small and can be gas molecules is significant and cannot be ignore.
ignore. As molecules are far apart, intermolecular Intermolecular attractive forces are significant and
attractive forces can be ignore. cannot be ignore.

Low pressure High pressure

Exhibit near ideal Deviate from

behaviour Real gas ideal behaviour

High Low
temperature temperature

Kinetic energy of gas molecule is high. Kinetic energy of gas molecules is low.
Intermolecular attractive forces are Intermolecular attractive forces are
insignificant and can be ignore. significant and cannot be ignore.
Thank You Very