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CHAPTER 1:
CHEMISTRY
States of Matter
Solid: physical state
characterized by a definite shape
and a definite volume
Liquid: physical state
characterized by an indefinite
shape and a definite volume
Gas: physical state characterized
by an indefinite shape and an
indefinite volume
PHYSICAL CHANGE
process in which a
substance changes its
physical appearance but not
its chemical composition
example: melting, freezing,
evaporation, condensation
Weight
16 ounces (oz) 1 pound (lb)
ENGLISH SYSTEM 2000 pound (lb) 1 ton
OF UNITS
Capacities
3 teaspoons (tsp) 1 tablespoon (tbsp)
16 tablespoons (tbsp) 1 cup (c)
8 ounces (oz) 1 cup (c)
2 cup (c) 1 pint (pt)
2 pints (pt) 1 quart (qt)
4 quart (qt) 1 gallon (gal)
CHAPTER 1: CHEMISTRY 9/24/2022 19
9/24/2022 20
ENGLISH SYSTEM
OF UNITS
CHAPTER 1: CHEMISTRY
International System
of Units
International
System of
Units
Advantages of
Ease of
the Metric calculation
System
International
Standard
Trailing zeros, those at the end of a number, are not significant if the
number lacks an explicitly shown decimal point.
0.0031
97,200
637
0.1031
47,230
637,000,000
1. 0.0024
2. 0.0180
3. 673,000
4. 0.0126
6.3 x 101
6.30 x 101
6.300 x 101
Fundamental
Scale
• The 3-Decimal Point
Shift
750 cm to mm
0.50 in to m
0.75 qt to L
A standard aspirin tablet contains 324 mg of Aspirin. How many grams of Aspirin
are in a standard Aspirin tablet?
A liquid contains 0.25 mg of a substance per milliliter. How many grams of the
substance will 3.5 L contain?
Add 0.0025 kg, 1750 mg, 2.25 g, and 825,000 mg, and express the answer in
grams.
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
Celsius scale
9
℃ = ℉ + 32
most encountered in scientific work 5
boiling point of water: 100°C
5
Freezing point of water: 0°C
℉= (℃ − 32)
Kelvin scale 9
SI unit of temperature
Fahrenheit scale
𝐾 = ℃ + 273
smaller degree size than the other two temperature scales
When a patient is ill, his or her temperature may increase to 104°F. calculate the
temperature of this patient in Celsius units and Kelvin units.
In the human body, heat stroke occurs at a temperature of 41°C. What is this
temperature equivalent to on the following scales?
Fahrenheit scale
Kelvin scale
amount of an illegal drug in a certain volume of blood, indicating the extent of drug abuse
A student determines that the mass of a 20.0-mL sample of olive oil is 18.4 g.
what is the density of the olive oil in grams per milliliter?
Blood plasma has a density of 1.027 g/mL at 25°C. What volume, in milliliters,
does 125 g of plasma occupy?
If your blood has a density of 1.05 g/mL at 25°C, how many grams of blood would
you lose if you made a blood bank donation of 1.00 pint of blood?