SCRAPBOOK

HEAVY EQUIPMENT

By:
GABRIEL MOGA
222 213 155

CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
INDONESIAN CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY OF TORAJA
2023
 HEAVY EQUIPMENTS

A. Understanding
The use of heavy equipment in Civil Engineering construction work has
become a necessity and must be implemented. Heavy equipment is a tool used
to simplify the work process so that it is faster, easier and the results meet
expectations. The use of heavy equipment must be truly appropriate and adapted
to the conditions and situation in the field. However, if the scale of the work is
large enough and requires speed in carrying out the work, then the earthwork is
carried out mechanically or in other words using the help of machines or other
mechanical equipment (heavy equipment). The aim of using heavy equipment
is to make it easier for humans to do work so that the expected results can be
achieved more easily in a relatively shorter time. Tools commonly used in
construction projects include dozers, digging equipment such as backhoes,
loading equipment such as loaders, transport equipment such as trucks. Soil
compaction tools include rollers and compactors, etc. The choice of heavy
equipment to be used greatly influences the excavation and embankment work
of a construction project. Wrong selection of heavy equipment can result in the
project not running smoothly, resulting in increased costs, low productivity and
even longer lead times for procurement of inappropriate heavy equipment.
B. Types and functions of heavy equipment
1. Hydraulic Excavator

Picture 1.1 Hydraulic Excavator

This heavy equipment is the most widely used and most commonly known to
the public. An excavator is a type of heavy equipment used to dig, dredge and
move material from one place or to a truck and so on. Excavators can also be
used for heavy lifting and demolition. Hydraulic excavators are often called pull
shovels or backhoes. The use of an excavator must be adapted to the field,
generally excavators use diesel engine power and a full hydraulic system which
is divided into various types according to the digger at the front. The most
efficient operation of an excavator is using the heel and toe method (tip and
base) starting from the top to the bottom. The top of the excavator can rotate
(revolving unit) 360 degrees. The excavator is able to distribute the load evenly
throughout the vessel. The advantage of an excavator is that it can be used as a
transport tool, while the disadvantage is that it cannot be used over long
distances.
2. Bulldozer

Picture 1.2 Bulldozer

A dozer is a tractor with a blade installed on the front. The knife is installed to
push, or cut the material in front of it. Basically, a bulldozer is one that uses a
tractor as its main driver, meaning that the tractor is equipped with a dozer
attachment, in this case the attachment is a blade. Actually, bulldozer is the
name of a type of dozer that has the ability to push forward.
3. Wheel Loader

Picture 1.3 Wheel Loader

 A wheel loader is a tool that has a function that is not too different from a
bulldozer, namely that it is used to move materials or goods from one tool or
place to another. How it works is by digging (loading). Then the bucket will be
pushed onto the material which will later be lifted. If the bucket is full, the
tractor reverses and the bucket is lifted upwards to be moved later. Wheel
loaders have other functions, namely cleaning the place or work location,
leveling piles of soil and filling them back in, displacing soil at short distances,
leveling the surface or smoothing the surface of a flat surface and so on.
4. Wales Stump

Picture 1.4 Wales Stump

Vibro roller (Stump) or what is also called wales is a tool used to compact
asphalt or soil surfaces. Stumps are often used when making roads. Actually,
this tool is called a vibro roller, but Indonesians often call it a stum, rolling
machine or galindong machine. On the market, the sizes of this tool are quite
varied, some are small, medium to large, so this tool can be used on a variety of
land, from small land to large land.
5. Crane
 Picture 1.5 Crane
Cranes have the function of moving or transporting materials from bottom
to top or vice versa. Tall cranes or cranes are generally used in building
construction projects. Various materials that are difficult to move using human
power to high surfaces such as building roofs are later towed by crane. This tool
can move mechanically horizontally and vertically. There are various types of
cranes that can be found on the market, starting from mobile cranes (truck
cranes), tower cranes, hydraulic cranes, crawler cranes, overhead cranes, and
others.
6. Grade

Picture 1.6 Grade

 A motor grader or grader is a heavy tool with a long blade that is used to
mechanically level the ground surface. Not only that, this tool can also be used
to mix soil, eviction soil, backfill excavations, level embankments, and many
others. In general, graders are used at the final stage, such as setting or repairing.
Used in the construction and maintenance of gravel roads and dirt roads, or can
also be used to prepare the base for highway construction projects before
spreading a layer of asphalt.
7. Scraper

Picture 1.7 Scraper

A scraper motor or scraper is a type of heavy equipment that is widely
used to cut dam slopes or embankment slopes. This heavy equipment can also
be used to excavate soil between concrete buildings and can also be used to
level highways. In the working process, this tool can excavate the surface of the
soil to a thickness/depth of more than 2.5 mm and can also fill a desired location,
to a minimum thickness of more than 2.5 mm.
8. Asphalt Paver

Picture 1.8 Asphalt paver

Asphalt paver or what is often called an asphalt finisher is a tool that can
spread asphalt mixture that has previously been made using asphalt production
equipment. The weakness of this asphalt paver is that the centipede wheel
rotation maneuver takes longer. Because the rubber wheels used have a rougher
threshold.
9. Truck

Picture 1.9 Truck

 A truck is a type of heavy equipment that is specifically used as a means
of transportation because of its ability to move quickly and relatively cheap
operating costs. Trucks are usually used to transport construction materials such as
large rocks, crushed stone, sand, soil, asphalt and others. The advantage of a truck
as a means of transportation is that it is very efficient for long-distance
transportation with a large loading capacity. Apart from the several advantages that
have been mentioned, this tool also has disadvantages, namely that in the
transportation process it still requires other equipment for loading.
10. Forklift

Picture 1.10 Forklift

A forklift is heavy equipment used for loading, unloading or moving
cargo. Forklifts help with construction projects, especially in densely populated
areas with limited or narrow road access. Forklift operations can be done
indoors or outdoors, such as loading and unloading goods at ports, warehouses,
factories, expeditions, supermarkets and many more. Having a forklift can
increase effectiveness and efficiency in operational activities.
11. Trencher

Picture 1.11 Trencher

A trencher is a tool with the function of digging the ground to lay pipes,
cables, drainage, and so on. There are two types of heavy equipment, namely chain
trenchers and wheeled trenchers. A trencher type earth digging tool uses a cutting
chain with a digging chain or belt that is moved around a round metal frame that
resembles a chainsaw.