Unit 6

Math 8 Axiomatic Structure of

Geometry
Lesson 18
Conditional Statements

What You’ll Learn in this module:

a. determine the relationship between the hypothesis and the conclusion of
an if-then statement
b. transform a statement into an equivalent if-then statement
c. determine the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of an if-then
statement
d. illustrate the equivalences of: (a) the statement and its contrapositive, and
(b) the converse and inverse of a statement

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Write your answers in the answer sheet provided.

Activity No. 1: “D-I-Y Math”

Directions: TV advertisements often use catchy statements to sell brands. Inside the
given box in the answer sheet for activity 1, create or draw your own product(s) with a
tagline or using “if-then” statements to attract customers. Consider these advertisements
below, you may use these as examples in making your own product. This will be
recorded in your performance task. Be guided by the rubric given.

“If you want straight and

shiny hair, then use Pan Silk Rubric
Shampoo”
Creativity (Construction of
if-then statements) – 20 pts.
Originality – 20 pts.
Neatness – 10 pts.

“If you are having a coke,

then you are smiling”

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CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

In mathematics, an if-then statement is called a conditional statement. The if part

is the hypothesis denoted by p and the then part is the conclusion denoted by q.
Consider the sample statement below:
“If you brush your teeth three times a daily, then you will get whiter teeth”

hypothesis p conclusion q

In the above statement, the hypothesis p is “you brush your teeth three times
daily”, and the conclusion q is “you will get whiter teeth.”
Example 1: State the hypothesis and the conclusion of the conditional statement.
“If it is sunny tomorrow, then we will go swimming.”
SOLUTION:
Hypothesis: It is sunny tomorrow.
Conclusion: We will go swimming.
Notice that the words if and then are not part of the hypothesis or the conclusion.
Example 2: State the hypothesis and the conclusion of the conditional statement.
“If it’s 12:00 PM, then it’s afternoon.”
SOLUTION:
Hypothesis: It is 12:00 PM.
Conclusion: It is afternoon.
Notice that the hypothesis and the conclusion do not contain the words if and then.
Example 3: Construct a conditional statement given the hypothesis and conclusion.
Hypothesis: A plane figure has three sides.
Conclusion: It is a triangle.
SOLUTION:
If a plane figure has three sides, then it is a triangle.
Example 4: Write a conditional statement from the given information.
Hypothesis: You are kind, cheerful, and outgoing.
Conclusion: You will have more friends.
SOLUTION:
If you are kind, cheerful, and outgoing, then you will have more friends.

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 Conditional statements are not always written in the “if-then” form. However, these
statements can be written in the “if-then” form for easier identification of hypothesis
and conclusion.
Example 5: Rewrite the conditional statement in the “if-then” form.
Treat the people around you with respect and they will respect you back.
SOLUTION:
Hypothesis: Treat the people around you with respect.
Conclusion: They will respect you back.
Conditional Statement: If you treat the people around you with respect, then they
will respect you back.

 A statement can either be true or false. A conditional may be proven false by

providing a counterexample in which the hypothesis is true, and the conclusion is
false.

Example 6: Prove that the conditional “All quadrilaterals that have congruent sides are
squares” is false.
SOLUTION: Give a counterexample.
A 8 cm B

8 cm 8 cm

D C
8 cm
If a quadrilateral has congruent sides, then it is a square.
Quadrilateral ABCD has congruent sides.
Quadrilateral ABCD is not a square but a rhombus.
Therefore, the conditional statement “All quadrilaterals that have congruent sides are
squares” is false.
CONVERSE and BICONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

 The converse of a conditional statement is a statement wherein the hypothesis and the
conclusion are interchanged. In symbols, the converse of a conditional statement is a
statement of the form “if q, then p” and can be written as q p.
Example 7: Conditional (If p, then q): If you live in Davao, then you live in Mindanao.
Converse (If q, then p): If you live in Mindanao, then you live in Davao.
In this case, the conditional is true, but the converse is false.
Example 8: Conditional (If p q): If you are a native Kapampangan, then you are born
in Pampanga.
Converse (If q p): If you are born in Pampanga, then you are native
Kapampangan.

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In this case, both the conditional and the converse is true.
Example 9: Conditional (If p q): If two lines do not meet, then they are parallel.
Converse (If q p): If two lines are parallel, then they do not meet.
In this case, both the conditional and the converse is true.

 When the conditional and its converse are both true, the two statements can be
combined to form a biconditional statement by using the phrase if and only if.

Example 10: You are a native Kapampangan if and only if you are born in Pampanga.
Example 11: Two lines do not meet if and only if they are parallel.

INVERSE and CONTRAPOSITIVE STATEMENTS

 The inverse of a conditional statement is determined by negating both the hypothesis

and the conclusion. The inverse of the conditional statement p q can be written as
p q , and is read as “not p implies not q.”

Example 12: Write the inverse of the conditional “If you are a licensed driver, then you
passed the examination given by the Land Transportation Office (LTO).”
SOLUTION: Negate the hypothesis and the conclusion.
p: You are not a licensed driver.

q : You did not pass the examination given by the LTO.

Write in the form p q.

Inverse: If you are not a licensed driver, then you did not pass the examination
given by the LTO.
Example 13: Conditional (If p, then q): If you live in Davao, then you live in Mindanao.
Inverse (If not p, then not q): If you do not live in Davao, then you do not live in
Mindanao.
 Contrapositive statements are formed by negating both the hypothesis and the
conclusion of the conditional and interchanging their positions. The contrapositive
statement of the conditional takes the form q p, and read as “if not q, then not p.”
Example 14: Write the contrapositive of the conditional “If you drink enough milk, then
you have stronger teeth and bones.”
SOLUTION: Negate the hypothesis and the conclusion.
p: You don’t drink enough milk.

q : You don’t have stronger teeth and bones.

Interchange the hypothesis and conclusion, then write it in the form q p .

Contrapositive: If you don’t have stronger teeth and bones, then you don’t drink enough
milk.
Example 15: Conditional (If p, then q): If you live in Cebu, then you live in Visayas.
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Contrapositive (If not p, then not q): If you do not live in Visayas, then
you do not live in Cebu.

Activity No. 2: “Comprehension Check”

Part I: Identify the hypothesis and conclusion in the following conditional statements.
Write your answer in the answer sheet. Use examples 1-3 as guide.
1. If it rains, then the road will be wet.
2. If today is Saturday, then the day after today is Sunday.
3. If I behave well, then she might like me.
4. If I eat seafood, then I will get rashes.
5. If you drink milk, then you grow
6. If a number is a whole number, then it is an integer.
7. If a closed figure is a rhombus, then it is a quadrilateral.
Part II: Construct a conditional statement or translate the following into “if-then” form
using the given hypothesis and conclusion. Use examples 4-6 as guide.
1. Hypothesis: She is lovely.
Conclusion: Everybody will like her.

2. Hypothesis: He knows a lot about gadgets.

Conclusion: He is a techie.

3. Hypothesis: Manvil does Judo.

Conclusion: Manvil is a strong man.

4. Hypothesis: A number is divisible by four.

Conclusion: That number must be even.

5. Hypothesis: 121 is a perfect square number.

Conclusion: 11 is its square root.

6. Hypothesis: A triangle has three sides congruent.

Conclusion: The triangle is equilateral.

7. Hypothesis: A number is prime.

Conclusion: It has exactly two divisors.
Part III: Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the conditional statement
below. Use examples 7-15 as guide.
“If you are a second-year high school student, then you are a sophomore.”

HOLY CROSS OF HAGONOY, INC.

Poblacion, Hagonoy, Davao del Sur

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ANSWER SHEET

Name: Teacher: Ms. Jeany Pearl Eltagonde

Section: PLU Code:
Week No.: 18 – Conditional Statements

Activity No. 1: “D-I-Y Math” Score:

Activity No. 2: “Comprehension Check” Score:

PART I

1. Hypothesis:
Conclusion:

2. Hypothesis:
Conclusion:

3. Hypothesis:
Conclusion:

4. Hypothesis:
Conclusion:
5. Hypothesis:
Conclusion:

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6. Hypothesis:
Conclusion:

7. Hypothesis:
Conclusion:

PART II

1. Conditional Statement:

2. Conditional Statement:

3. Conditional Statement:

4. Conditional Statement:

5. Conditional Statement:

6. Conditional Statement:

7. Conditional Statement:

PART III

Converse:

Inverse:

Contrapositive:

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