Trigonometry Chapter 5

TRIGONOMETRY
BSE 1 Math
5 Solutions of Triangles
Chapter
Chapter 5 Solutions of Triangles
Right Triangles and Its Applications

Right Triangles and Its Applications Chapter 5 Solutions of Triangles
Two Important Terms

❑ Angle of Elevation or inclination – is the angle above the horizontal, like looking up form
the ground to the top of the tower.
❑ Angle of Depression ore declination – is the angle below the horizontal, like looking down
from your room window in the 5th floor to the ground.
Sample Problems for Application of Right Triangles Chapter 5 Solutions of Triangles
1. An observer that is 220 ft from the bottom of a building makes an angle of elevation of 30o
when looking at the top of a flagpole situated at the top of the building. Find the height of the
flagpole if the building is 100 ft high.
2. Rogie (Boy 1) and Aj (Boy 2) are standing on opposite sides of a flagpole that is190 meters
high. When looking at the top of the flagpole, each of them makes and angle of elevation of
30o and 45o. Find the distance between Rogie and Aj if the ground where they are standing
are collinear.
Oblique Triangles
Cases of an Oblique Triangles Chapter 5 Solutions of Triangles
An Oblique Triangle is any triangle that is not a right triangle. It could be an acute
triangle in which all three angles of the triangles are less than 90o or it could be an obtuse
triangle in which one of the three angles of the triangles is grater than 90o. When solving an
oblique triangle, a right triangle is sometimes derived out of that oblique triangle to be able to
form a basis in calculation by applying the laws and principles in right triangle.
An Oblique Triangle can be characterized in four different cases as follows:
❖ Case # 1: S-S-S
➢ In S-S-S, the length of all sides
of the oblique triangle are given
❖ Case # 2: S-A-S
➢ In S-A-S, the length of any of the two sides of a tringle is given plus the angle in
between them which is called the included angle.
❖ Case # 3: (i) A-A-S; (ii) A-S-A; (iii) S-A-A
➢ In this case, any two angles of the oblique
triangle and length of the sides are given.
➢ The side given can be in between the two

angles or opposite either of the two angles.
❖ Case # 4: (i) A-S-S; (ii) S-S-A
➢ In this case, given are the lengths of any two sides and the measure of an angle
opposite to either of the two sides given.
➢ This is also called the ambiguous case.
Solutions to Oblique Triangles Chapter 5 Solutions of Triangles
All the case of an oblique triangle can be solved by Sine Law except for Cases #1 and 2
(SSS and SAS) which can also be solved by Cosine Law.
✓ The Law of Sine

In Trigonometry, the law of sine, also called sine law or sine formula, is a rule
where the lengths of the sides of an arbitrary triangle is being related in a proportion to the
Sine of its corresponding angle. It can be expressed in proportion as follows:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐴) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐵) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐶)
Law of Sine
Example 1.
if A = 40o, B = 70o, b = 10
Law of Sine
Example 2.
if B = 20o, C = 70o, a = 12
✓ The Law of Cosine
Unlike the law of sine, the law of cosine is applied when two sides and an
included angle are given. The law of cosine, also called cosine law, is almost similar to
the Pythagorean Theorem. However, the Pythagorean Theorem can be applied only for
right triangles. Also, the cosine law differs with the Pythagorean Theorem because the
cosine law take into consideration the angle opposite to c.
The cosine law states that:

c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
Law of Cosine
Example 1:
a = 5, b = 7, C = 65o
Law of Cosine
Example 2:
a = 11, b = 6, c = 9
Solutions to Ambiguous Cases

Solutions to Ambiguous Cases Chapter 5 Solutions of Triangles
When solving oblique triangle that is ambiguous, the measure of the given angle is very
important to take into consideration. If the given angle is an acute angle, five solutions are
possible. However, if the given angle is obtuse, there are three possible solutions.
𝑏 𝑎
By Sine Law: =
𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝐵) 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝐴)
𝑎 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐵)
Sin (A) =
𝑏
If the Given angle is Acute:
1. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is shorter than
the other given side (side a) and
𝒂 𝑺𝒊𝒏 (𝑩)
>𝟏
𝒃
➢ For this case, NO SOLUTION exists.
𝑎 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐵)
➢ Recall that = Sin (A) and we know that the value for sine
𝑏
of any angle can never be greater than 1
2. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is shorter than

>𝟏
𝒃
➢ For this case, exactly ONE SOLUTION exists.
➢ This case will lead to a right triangle with angle opposite to the
other given side is 90o.
➢ So, for our example, angle A will be 90o.
3. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is shorter
than the other given side (side a) and
<𝟏
𝒃
➢ For this case, exactly TWO SOLUTION exists.
➢ The first solution will yield a triangle with all the angles to
be acute (refer to triangle A’ BC). The angle opposite to
the other given side can be obtained using sine law.
➢ The second solution will yield a triangle with the angle
opposite to the other given side to be obtuse (refer to
triangle A’BC). The angle that can be obtained from sine
law must be subtracted from 180o; this will be the value of
the angle opposite to the other given side.
➢ For our example, angle A is opposite to the other given
side (side a), and therefore angle A is an obtuse angle.
4. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is equal
to the other given side (side a) and
= 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐀
𝒃

➢ The resulting triangle is an isosceles triangle with a = b
and A = B
5. If the side opposite to the given angle (side b)

longer than the other given side (side a) and
<𝟏
𝒃
If the Given angle is Obtuse:
1. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is shorter
than other given side (side a) and
Sin-1 ( ) + 𝐁 > 180o
𝒃
➢ The sum of the measures of the three angles in a triangle
is always 180o; it can never be less than or greater than
180o.
2. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is equal to

Sin-1 ( ) + 𝐁 = 180o
𝒃
➢ The sum of the measures of the three angles in a triangles
in always 180o; it can never be less than or greater than
180o.
➢ It is impossible that the sum of the two of the angles of a
triangle already obtained a sum of 180o.
If the Given angle is Obtuse:
3. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is greater than the
other given side:
➢ There exists exactly ONE SOLUTION.

➢ One Triangle can be determined.
Examples:
1. a = 5, b = 7, B = 70o
Examples:
2. b = 10, c = 6, C = 40o
Examples:
3. a = 9, c = 12, A = 150o
Examples:
4. b = 4, a = 6, B = 36o

Trigonometry Chapter 5

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Trigonometry Chapter 5

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TRIGONOMETRY

Right Triangles and Its Applications

Two Important Terms

An Oblique Triangle can be characterized in four different cases as follows:

➢ The side given can be in between the two

✓ The Law of Sine

The cosine law states that:

Solutions to Ambiguous Cases

2. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is shorter than

➢ For this case, exactly ONE SOLUTION exists.

5. If the side opposite to the given angle (side b)

2. If side opposite to the given angle (side b) is equal to

➢ There exists exactly ONE SOLUTION.

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