Basic Concepts of Nationalism

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Basic Concepts OF Nationalism
BS Criminology (University of Southern Mindanao)
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BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM

Nationalism – is an ideology and movement defined by promoting the interests of a
particular nation, in particular with the aim of acquiring and maintaining the nation’s
sovereignty over its country of origin(Smith 2010).
BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Types of Nationalism
1. Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism)
The country is described from prior generations in terms of ethnicity and descent. It
also involves the concepts of a shared culture among group members, and generally a
shared language

Types of Nationalism
2. Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism)
The state derives political legitimacy from its citizens’ active involvement and the
extent to which it reflects the “will of the individuals”.
3. Expansionist Nationalism
A radical form of imperialism that includes independent, patriotic feelings with the faith
in expansionism, generally through military aggression.
4. Romantic Nationalism

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It is otherwise known organic nationalism and identity nationalism. Is the form f ethnic
nationalism in which the state derives political legitimacy as a result and expression of
the nations’ natural.
5. Cultural Nationalism
The country is described by shared culture, not solely civic ethnic
6. Third World Nationalism
Nationalist feelings are the outcome of opposition to colonial rule to survive and
maintain a domestic identity.
7. Liberal Nationalism
Is a kind of nationalism lately defended by political philosophers who think that a non-
xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with liberal values of liberty, tolerance,
equality and individual rights can exist (Tamir, 1993, Kymlicka, 1995, Miller, 1995).
8. Religious Nationalism
Nationalism’s connection to a specific religious faith, church, or affiliation.
9. Pan Nationalism
Ethnic or cultural nationalism refers to a country that is itself a cluster of associated

ethnic and cultural communities (such as Turkish peoples).
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10. Diaspora Nationalism
Diaspora is an ethnic population residing outside their traditional homelands.
11. Stateless Nationalism
On nationalist basis (e.g. the Catalans and Basques un Spain) an ethnic or cultural
minority within a nation-state aims independence.
12. National Nationalism
A political term, mainly used in Europe, to describe a version of conservatism that

focuses more on domestic interests than conventional conservatism, while not being
unduly nationalist or pursuing a far-right agenda.
13. Revolutionary Nationalism
Revolutionary nationalism is an ideological theory that calls for a domestic group

united by a shared sense of intent and destiny, also known as radical nationalism.
14. Left-Wing Nationalism
Left-wing nationalism, also sometimes referred to as socialist nationalism, relates to

any political movement combining left-wing or socialism with nationalism.

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Patriotism- Patriotism or national pride is a sense of love, dedication and attachment to

a country and an alliance with other people who share the same impression.

Kinds of Patriotism
1. Patriotism of Duty
This includes fidelity to one’s nation through material acts. This is military service
patriotism and other selfless sacrifice types.

Kinds of Patriotism
2. Patriotism of Affection
This is the patriotism of the heart. It is about one’s interest desire for his country’s
well-being.

Kinds of Patriotism
3. Patriotism of Manners
This is customs patriotism, written and unwritten . The patriotism of manners is place
one’s hand over the heart during the national anthem.

Types of Patriotism
1. Personal Patriotism

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is emotional and voluntary. The patriot adheres to certain patriotic values, such as
respect for the flag or the honoring of veterans.

Types of Patriotism
2. Official Patriotism
Promoted by the government which has a high symbolic and ceremonial content.

Types of Patriotism
3. Symbolic Patriotism
in wartime is intended to raise morale, in turn contributing to the war effort.

Types of Patriotism
4. Peacetime Patriotism
Cannot be so easily linked to a measurable gain for the state, but the patriot does not
see it as inferior.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM
While the terms patriotism and nationalism were once regarded as synonymous,
distinct .

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FILIPINO NATIONALISM
“Nationalism is nourished by sense of history. It is of its essence to know profoundly
the past, so that we may be in complete openness with the men who made that history
and in intimate communion with their thoughts, their deeds and their noble lives.”
by: Claro M. Recto
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

The Philippines had been split into various principalities known as “barangays” in the
years before the 11th century, a name originating from Malayan ships called
“balangays”. Datus, rajahs or sultans governed these tiny political units (Halili 2004).
The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism

Originally, the word “Filipino” referred to the Phillipines “Spanish criollos.” The Spanish
leaders described the natives as Indians during their 333-years rule over the Philippines
(Royeca, 2012).
Other Concepts of Filipino Nationalism

Nationalism is the secular identification and engagement of our people with the
Filipino nation and domestic community, the Philippines as our country and homeland. It
goes beyond our family, clan, tribe, village, city, province, religion, local culture and
religion.
FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES

a. Pagsasarili (self-reliance)
b. Pakikisama (equitable sharing and partnership)
c. Pagkabayani (patriotism)

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d. Pagkakaisa (national unity, national concensus and discipline)

e. Pakikitungo (consideration)
f. Pakikipagkapwa-Tao (human solidarity based first of all on developing our nation)
g. Pagkakapantay-Pantay (equality and equity)
DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Filipino had already shown their own way of nationalism in the Spanish-colonial
period. Some fought with their pens and tongues, while others used their arms and
weapons authority. Everyone had their own way of showing our country their love and
respect. Some even died and were able to get back our country’s freedom that we
enjoy nowadays.
To show our sense of Filipino nationalism, everyone must: WORK-ACT-

PARTICIPATE-RESPECT-STAND PROUD- LOVE.

1. Respect the Philippine Flag and Value Filipino Identity
Being Filipinos, we should respect our Philippine flag and its purpose. The history and
value of this flag are connected to the freedom we have today.

2. Be Productive
Do not rely on everything and then blame our government, but instead make yourself
productive and helpful to the nation.

3. Be aware of the Issues in our country

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We must be aware and updated on the significant issues happening in the country.
Extend help to the needy fellowmen, especially the victims of disasters like typhoons,
flooding and the like.

4. Stand Proud For Every Achievement
Filipinos are competitive in many ways around the world. They are proud to be
Philippines and be brought to the nation for the award.
5. Patronize And Support Our Own Product
The Philippines has rich resources to create quality goods and products.

6. Preserve the Filipino Culture
Philippines is rich in various colorful culture elements. They are our identity. Be proud
and preserved the culture we have for they are our treasure.

7. Respect Everyone And Value Our Traditions
Filipinos are very courteous and respectful. You will acknowledge a Filipino individual
everywhere you go because he or she has always been respectful of the elders and
others using the common but certainly classic “ho”, “oho”, “po” and “opo”.

8. Speak Out Our Own Language
Using our own language is manifesting and preserving our national identity. It is our
unique means of communicating and interacting with our fellowmen. Our language is an
important tool to achieve further unity and national development.

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9. Remember and commemorate our Heroes’ Sacrifices for our Country
There were many Filipinos who died for our democracy, freedom, and independence.

10. Love Our Family, Our Neighbours, and Countrymen
The essence of life for most Filipinos is to create their family and nation a part of their
enduring engagement.
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Symbols are very , very important to people in quite a lot of countries, especially if
these symbols are related to a sense of nationalism. The officially recognized national
symbols of the Philippines are:

1. The Philippine Flag
with red, white, and blue colors and a yellow sun representing the provinces of the
country.

2. Coat Arms of the Philippines
also featuring the yellow sun with the 8 rays depicting the original provinces in the
Philippines.

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3. Lupang Hinirang (Chosen Land)
The Philippine National Anthem.

4. Sampaguita ( Jasminum Sambac)
The national flower f the Philippines; symbolizing purity and simplicity, the flower is
small, white, and pleasantly fragrant.

5. Narra (Pterocarpus)
The national Tree of the Philippines; also known as Rosewood, it is strong, sturdy, and
durable- a common rainforest tree.

6. Philippine Eagle ( Pithecophaga jefferyi)
The Philippines national bird. It is acknowledged to be severely endangered. The
Philippine Eagle is protected by law in the country and there is extremely punishment
for any harm done to them.

7. Dr. Jose P. Rizal
The National Hero of the Philippines

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8. Cariῆosa or Tinikling
The Philippine national dance. Gracefulness is symbolized by this dance.

9. Carabao (water buffalo)
The Philippine national animal. It symbolizes industriousness and hardwork due to its
use on many farms in the country.

10. Bangus (milk fish)
The Philippine national fish. It symbolizes versatility, because of the many ways in
which it can be cooked.

11. Mango
The national fruit. Philippine mangoes are considered the sweetest fruit in the world.
12. Barong
The Philippine national costume or clothing style for men-(untucked shirt of thin fabric
displaying Chinese, Indo-Malayan tropical and Hindu influences) for Women: Baro’t
Saya ( skirt and blouse with no collar).

13. “Bayan Ko” and Pilipinas Kong Mahal”
are the Philippine national songs

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14. Arnis
The Philippine national sport (stick fighting).

15. Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia)
The Philippine national plant. This plant is often used as hat, umbrella, or fan
symbolizing the Filipino’s resourcefulness.

16. Nipa Hut
The Philippine national house; typically a small bamboo house with a thatched roof.
IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND PERSONS IN THE RISE OF FILIPINO

NATIONALISM
The Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce
On 1834, Manila was officially part of the World Commerce after reviewing different
economic policies 1834-1873. This is the period of the development of agriculture in the
country because foreigners shared their agricultural ideas. Various ports opened in1855
in Sual, Pangasinan, Iloilo and Zamboanga, in 1860 in Cebu and in 1873 in Tacloban.

NATIONALISM
How Some Filipino Become Illustrados?
The middle class or the “illustrados” were the educated Filipinos who, by writing
essays, articles, novels or publication in new journal called “ La Solidaridad,”
campaigned for reform in the colony in a peaceful way. .

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NATIONALISM
Influx of Liberal Ideas
Suez Canal’s opening shortened the distance between the Philippines and Spain. This
paved the way or liberalism to enter the nation.

NATIONALISM
Secularization Movement
The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish friars was one of the
effects of Europe’s spreading of liberal ideas.

NATIONALISM
Secularization Movement
There are two types of Priests:
1. Regular Priests or Friar Curates-they belon to specific religious orders like
Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans, and Recollects. Only Spanish priests
could be regular priests.
2. Secular Priests or Parish Priests-this priests were not religious orders and were
under the archbishop’s oversight.

NATIONALISM
1565
Religious orders took control of the parishes in the Philippines these are the
Augustinian, Recollects, Dominicans and Franciscan.

NATIONALISM
Council of Trent

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It was stated that Secular priests should control the parishes relates to deacons and
priests who are not monastics or members of a religious institute.

NATIONALISM
Father Pedro Pelaez (1862)
Exposes the discrimination of Filipino clergys and the racial and national conflict with
the Friars.

NATIONALISM
19th Century
Majority of the Filipino Priest were qualified as Secular Priests.

NATIONALISM
Gov.General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada
He was the one who boost and inspired the secularization movement leads a Liberal
Regime in Spain.

NATIONALISM
Rafael De Laquierdo (1870-1873)
A Governor-General of the Spanish Republic who is an autocratic and oppressive
ruler; replaced Gov.Dela Torre.

NATIONALISM
January 20, 1872
Two hundred Filipino troops and employees, led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid, who
took control of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied against Spaniards.

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Francisco Zaldua
A Bicolano soldier who testified against the GOMBURZA.

NATIONALISM
February 17, 1872
The day of execution of the 3 priests at Luneta (Bagumbayan).
GOMBURZA
Refers to the three martyrs.

NATIONALISM
Father Mariano Gomez
a Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held the most senior position of the three as
Archbishop’s Vicar in Cavite.
Father Jose Burgos
was of Spanish descent, born in Philippines. He was a priest of the Manila Cathedral
and had been known to be close to the liberal Governador General de la Torre.

NATIONALISM
Father Jacinto Zamora
was also Spanish, born in the Philippines. He was the parish priest of Marikina and
was known to be unfriendly to and would not countenance any arrogance or
authoritative behavior from Spaniards coming from Spain.

NATIONALISM
Issues On The Three Priests
1. Fr. Gomez- participated in secularization but no longer active in 1872 and he was
already more than 80 years old.

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2. Fr. Burgos- Involved in the issue of secularization.

3. Fr. Zamora- Victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of arrest was addressed to
a certain Jose Zamora, a known critic of Spanish Government at that time.

NATIONALISM
GomBurZa Execution
The parishes were assigned to regular priests because of the death of secular priests
in the 19th century.
Garote- Is an execution technique previously practiced in Spain where a tightened
iron collar is used to strangle or break a convicted person’s neck..

NATIONALISM
The Importance of 1872, Gomburza Execution
It is considered as the beginning of Filipino Nationalism in the Philippine history
because the three priests were innocent yet accepted the brutal punishment for the
nation.

NATIONALISM
Propaganda Movement or Reform Movement
Also known as Junta De Propaganda Cuerpo de Compromisarios and La Solidaridad,
was founded in 19th century by the illustrados, to improve the lives of low Indios thru
reforms or changes implemented in the colony.
Propaganda refers to the systematic efforts to spread opinion and beliefs by means of
pen and tongue; literally means the propagation of a given opinion.

NATIONALISM
Propagandists or Reformists

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These were the Filipino reformers who fled the country to escape persecution in 1872.

NATIONALISM
The Goals of Propaganda Movement
1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain.
2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes (legislatve branch in Spanish
government.
3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to hold parishes.
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression and assembly.

NATIONALISM
Major Causes for the Establishment of the Propaganda Movement
1. Emergence of Middle Class
2. The Liberal Administration of Gov. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada
3. Execution of GOMBURZA
4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos.
THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19TH CENTURY

1.Dr. Jose P. Rizal
2. Graciano Lopez Jaena
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar

1.Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Regarded as the conscience of the movement and the most prolific writer among the
propagandists. Hispen names are Dimasalang and Laong laan common known and
acclaimed as the “Father of Philippine Nationalism” due to his intellectual and idealistic
support for Philippine Independence.

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2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
was regarded as the greatest journalist of Reform Movement .
a journalist who mastered the use of satire(the use humor, irony, exaggeration, or
ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of
contemporary politics and other topical issues.

3. Graciano Lopez Jaena
was a former staff of LOS DOS MUNDO- News organ in Iloilo and was acclaimed as
the “Prince of the Filipino Orators” and the great orator of the Reform Movement. His
pen name was Diego Laura and he founded the La Solidaridad (Solidarity) which
becomes the mouthpiece of the Propaganda.
OTHER FILIPINO REFORMISTS

Dr. Pedro Paterno
a doctor of law who wrote the novel entitled “Ninay,” the 1st Filipino Novel that shows
the Filipino’s developed culture.

Antonio Luna
Some of his works are Noche Buena, a biographical sketch that depicts the actual life
in the Philippines. La Maestra de mi pueblo describe defects of the educational system
for women. His pen name was Taga-ilog .

Andres Bonifacio
Known to be “Supreme of Katipunero” was one of the founders of Katipunan .

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His pseudonym was Agapito Bagumbayan. He prepared a Decalogue to serve as

guide for Katipuneros “Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan” but later
adopted the “Kartilla ng Katipunan” of Emilio Jacinto.

Emilio Jacinto
Regarded as the “Brain of the Katipunan”. Become an editor in chief of Kalayaan, an
official newspaper of Katipunan.
THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN

The reform movement’s failure paves the way for a movement that advocates armed
struggle to achieve liberty.
KKK (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or
Katipunan).this was founded on July 7, 1892, same day that news about Rizal’s exile to
Dapitan. Deodato Arellano was the first President of Katipunero followed by Roman-
Basa then by Andres Bonifacio.
THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN

Katipuneros refers to the sons of the people, used triangle method to recruit
members, where every member should recruit two new members who would only know
each other after passing the initiation rites.

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lOMoARcPSD|16597998

Basic Concepts OF Nationalism

BS Criminology (University of Southern Mindanao)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

2. Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism)

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The country is described by shared culture, not solely civic ethnic

6. Third World Nationalism

Nationalism’s connection to a specific religious faith, church, or affiliation.

Ethnic or cultural nationalism refers to a country that is itself a cluster of associated

Downloaded by Angelica Robles (angelicarobles0362@gmail.com)

10. Diaspora Nationalism

Diaspora is an ethnic population residing outside their traditional homelands.

11. Stateless Nationalism

12. National Nationalism

A political term, mainly used in Europe, to describe a version of conservatism that

13. Revolutionary Nationalism

Revolutionary nationalism is an ideological theory that calls for a domestic group

14. Left-Wing Nationalism

Left-wing nationalism, also sometimes referred to as socialist nationalism, relates to

Downloaded by Angelica Robles (angelicarobles0362@gmail.com)

Patriotism- Patriotism or national pride is a sense of love, dedication and attachment to

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Downloaded by Angelica Robles (angelicarobles0362@gmail.com)

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

in wartime is intended to raise morale, in turn contributing to the war effort.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Downloaded by Angelica Robles (angelicarobles0362@gmail.com)

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism

Other Concepts of Filipino Nationalism

FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES

Downloaded by Angelica Robles (angelicarobles0362@gmail.com)

d. Pagkakaisa (national unity, national concensus and discipline)

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

To show our sense of Filipino nationalism, everyone must: WORK-ACT-

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Downloaded by Angelica Robles (angelicarobles0362@gmail.com)

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Downloaded by Angelica Robles (angelicarobles0362@gmail.com)

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Downloaded by Angelica Robles (angelicarobles0362@gmail.com)

PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM