8 Tunnel Measurement

NATM Measurement

The displacement of surrounding ground and tunnel support structures along with stress conditions are measured
during tunnel excavation to ensure work safety and economic efficiency.

Rock displace- Rock bolt axial

ment transducer force trans-
ducer

Reinforcing Micro Creep meter

bar meter

■ A list of Measuring Instruments

Measurement items Instruments Type
Change and displacement of
Convergence Micro Creep meter KH-A
distance between tunnel walls
Horizontal and vertical Settlement transducer KLA-A, NKLA-A, KLC-A
displacement measured Inclinometer KB-GC, KB-HC
Displacement of ground outside the tunnel In-place inclinometer KB-JE, KB-KE, NKB-LD, NKB-MD
Relative displacement in tunnel Rock displacement transducer KLB-A
Ground Change of ground stress Change of stress by excavation Soil Pressure Gauge KDB-PA, KDD-PA, KDF-PA
stress Pore water pressure Pore pressure conditions Pore Water Pressure Gauge KPA-PA, KPC-PA
Axial force of Force distribution of rock bolt Rock Bolt Axial Transducer KRA-A
rock bolt Axial force of washer Center-hole type load cell CLC-NA, KCM-NA
Spraying concrete stress Strain transducer KM-A, KM-AT, KM-B, KM-BT
Force and
stress on Concrete stress Reinforcing bar meter KSA-A, KSAT-A
Stresses of lining concrete
support Strain transducer KM-A, KM-AT, KM-B, KM-BT
members
Stress of steel arch Stresses of support and members Strain Gauge FLA
Ground load on lining Soil Pressure Gauge KDB-PA, KDD-PA, KDF-PA
Ground load
Back water pressure Pore Water Pressure Gauge KPB-PA, KPD-PA
Settlement and heave of Water-tube Displacement Transducer KWL-E
ground surface Settlement transducer KLA-A, NKLA-A
Behavior of ground
Effects on
surface and Settlement, heave and Water-tube Displacement Transducer KWL-E
surroundings
structures inclination of structures Inclinometer KB-AB, KB-AC, KB-DB, KB-EB
Movement of ground surface Extensometer KLG-A,KLG-B, NKLG-A, NKLG-B

■ Measuring System Block Diagram

Sensor
Measurement room
Data acquisition
Storage system Office/
Data Logger Control center
box Transfer

Rock displace- Rock bolt axial Reinforcing

bar meter
ment transducer force transducer

Sensor Alarm unit

Micro Creep meter Strain trans- Center-hole type protection
ducer load cell arrester UPS Isolation
Switching box transformer

AC 90~250V

Settelement Pore water

transducer Inclinometer pressure gauge
 Tunnel Measurement

Shield Measurement

Deformation of segment ring and effects on urban structures are observed.

Segment Segment
Center-hole
type load cell

Crack displace-
ment transducer

Reinforcing
bar meter

Pore-water
pressure gauge

Soil pressure
gauge

■ A list of Measuring Instruments

Measurement items Instruments Type
Soil pressure acting on the ring Soil pressure gauge KDB-PA, KDD-PA, KDF-PA
Behavior of Water pressure acting on the ring Pore-water pressure gauge KPA-PA, KPC-PA
segment Stresses and strains in the ring’s rebars Reinforcing bar meter KSA-A, KSAT-A
Deformation of segment joint Crack Displacement transducer KG-A
Water-tube Displacement transducer KWL-E
Settlement and heave of ground surface
Multi-layer Settlement transducer KLA-A, NKLA-A
Settlement, heave and inclination of Water-tube Displacement transducer KWL-E
Behavior of
ground structures Surface Inclinometer KB-AB, KB-AC, KB-DB, KB-EB
surface Movement of ground surface Extensometer KLG-A, KLG-B, NKLG-A, NKLG-B
and adjacent
Horizontal and vertical movement of KB-JE, KB-KE, KB-DB, KB-EB,
structures In-place inclinometer
underground NKB-LD, NKB-MD
Water level meter KW-C
Change in ground water
Pore-water pressure gauge KPA-PA, KPC-PA

■ Measuring System Block Diagram

Sensor
Measurement room
Data acquisition
Pore-water Storage system Office/
Soil pres- pressure box Data Logger Control center
sure gauge gauge Center-hole Transfer
type load cell

Re-inforcing Sensor Alarm unit

Crack displace- protection
bar-meter ment transducer Isolation
arrester Switching box UPS
Water-tube dis- transformer
placement
transducer
AC 90~250V
Settlement
transducer Water level meter Inclinometer