JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW 1

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership / M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324 Integrating Technology into Education

Name: Munira Nulwala Date: 10/31/23

Cite the reviewed article in APA format:

Waxman, H. C., Boriack, A. W., Lee, Y. H., & MacNeil, T. A. (2013). Principals’
Perceptions of the Importance of Technology in Schools.
INTRODUCTION

Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what
is the theoretical background or overarching theme):
The two research questions: (a) What are principals’ perceptions of the importance of
technology? and (b) Do principals’ perceptions of technology differ by years of
experience and gender?
Purpose of the research:
The purpose of the study outlined in this article is to investigate and understand
how school principals perceive the importance of technology. It seeks to go beyond
previous research, which primarily looked at principals' perceptions of technology
planning, access, and orientations using yes or no survey questions. This study aims to
delve deeper into the principals' perspectives and orientations by incorporating open-
ended cognitive interview questions. Additionally, the study aims to explore whether
there are differences in principals' perceptions of technology based on their years of
experience and gender.
In summary, the study's purpose is to gain a more nuanced understanding of how
school principals view the importance of technology in education and whether these
views are influenced by their experience and gender.
METHODOLOGY

What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:

Participants: A convenience sample of 310 principals from a large metropolitan area

in the southwest region of the United States responded to a cognitive interview
questionnaire that asked principals about their perceptions regarding the importance of
technology for their schools. The sample consisted of 126 males and 184 females. A
range of years of experience was present with 104 participants having 0-3 years of
experience, 82 participants having 4-7 years, 55 participants having 8-11 years, 32
participants having 12-15 years, and 31 participants having greater than 15 years of
experience.

Procedures: The survey was conducted by graduate students who were pursuing
their degrees in Educational Leadership at a prominent urban university in the south-
central region of the United States. As part of their principal certification course, these
students received training on how to conduct the survey and were obligated to
interview a specific number of existing public-school principals. The survey instrument
was custom created for this research and consisted of a combination of qualitative and
quantitative questions.

Data Collection Methods/Data Source: The principals’ cognitions and

perceptions were found to be valid and reliable, and the use of cognitive interviewing