POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF MEDIA, INFORMATION ON as unrealistic body images, has also been linked to body

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY dissatisfaction and low self-esteem.

Positive Effects: 3. Polarization and Echo Chambers

1. Education and Information Access
 A study by the Pew Research Center found that the internet and
digital media have significantly improved access to information
and educational resources. Individuals now have the ability to
learn about diverse topics and access educational materials at
their own pace.
2. Social Connectivity
 Research published in the Journal of Communication suggests
that social media platforms can enhance social connectivity,
providing individuals with opportunities to maintain and strengthen
relationships, share experiences, and build communities.
3. Public Awareness and Activism
 A study in the International Journal of Communication highlights
the role of media in raising public awareness and facilitating
activism. Social media, in particular, has been a powerful tool for
mobilizing individuals around social and political issues.
 Research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences suggests that social media can contribute to political
polarization by creating echo chambers, where individuals are
exposed primarily to information that aligns with their existing
beliefs.
4. Privacy Concerns
 Studies conducted by organizations like the Electronic Frontier
Foundation highlight the negative impact of media on individual
privacy. The collection and misuse of personal data by media
platforms raise concerns about surveillance and data breaches.
COMPREHENDING HOW TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA IS/ARE
FORMALLY AND INFORMALLY PRODUCED, ORGANIZED, AND
DISSEMINATED
Publishing of Text Information and Media

4. Cultural Exchange and Understanding

 Research conducted by the Annenberg School for Communication
indicates that exposure to diverse media content can foster
cultural exchange and understanding. Media serves as a conduit
for sharing perspectives and promoting cultural awareness.

Negative Effects:

1. Misinformation and Fake News

 Numerous studies, including research from MIT and Stanford,
have demonstrated the prevalence of misinformation and fake
news in online media. Exposure to false or misleading information
can have negative consequences on public perception and
decision-making.

2. Impact on Mental Health

 A study in JAMA Pediatrics found a correlation between high social
media use and an increased risk of depression among
adolescents. Excessive exposure to certain media content, such
 DESCRIBES THE DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF TEXT INFORMATION
AND MEDIA.
What is Text?
Text. refers to a written or printed material consisting of words and characters that
convey information or convey a message. It can take various forms, including
letters, numbers, symbols, or a combination of these elements arranged according
to a specific system of language or code. Text can be written on physical surfaces
such as paper or displayed digitally on screens.
9. Affective Dimension. Involves the emotional or affective impact of the
text on the reader or viewer. It considers how language and media elements evoke
feelings and responses.
10. Interactive Dimension. Pertains to the interaction between the text and
the audience. In digital media, this includes user engagement, feedback, and the
dynamic nature of interactive content.

Key Dimensions of Text

1. Semantic Dimension. Refers to the meaning and interpretation of the
text. It involves understanding the context, intent, and underlying concepts
conveyed through language.

2. Syntactic Dimension. Focuses on the structure and arrangement of

words and symbols within a text. It involves grammar, syntax, and the rules
governing the combination of elements in a sentence.

3. Pragmatic Dimension. Concerned with the use of language in a specific

context. Pragmatics considers the implications of the text in terms of
communication goals, social context, and the intended effect on the audience.

4. Discourse Dimension. Encompasses the larger context of the

communication, including how sentences and ideas connect to form a coherent
narrative or argument. Discourse analysis examines the organization and flow of
ideas in a text.

5. Cultural Dimension. Reflects the cultural context in which the text is

produced and consumed. Cultural nuances, references, and symbols embedded in
the text contribute to its meaning and interpretation.

6. Multimodal Dimension. Involves the integration of various modes of

communication, such as text, images, videos, and audio. Multimodal texts leverage
multiple channels to convey information and meaning.

7. Temporal Dimension. Considers the aspect of time in a text. This

includes the temporal sequence of events, the evolution of ideas, and how the text
may change or be interpreted over time.

8. Spatial Dimension. Relates to the physical or digital space in which the

text is presented. In print media, this could refer to the layout and design on a
page, while in digital media, it involves the arrangement of elements on a screen.