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e¨wóK A_©bxwZ

Microeconomics
weweG †cÖvMÖvg †Kvm© †KvW : OSBBA-2303

Open School

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e¨wóK A_©bxwZ
Microeconomics
weweG †cÖvMÖvg †Kvm© †KvW : OSBBA-2303

cÖ_g cÖKvk : †deªæqvwi, 2022

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© I‡cb ¯‹zj, evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ISBN : 978-984-34-3201-5

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Open School

OSBBA-2303
e¨wóK A_©bxwZ
Microeconomics

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A_©bxwZ eBwU ¯^-wkLb c×wZ‡Z †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges †jLvi mgq evDwe'i wba©vwiZ KvVv‡gv AbymiY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| e¨wóK A_©bxwZ eBwUi cÖwZwU BDwbU Ges cvV mnR I †evaMg¨ K‡i Dc¯’vc‡bi j‡ÿ¨ mnR
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e¨wóK A_©bxwZ eBwU covi mgq Avcwb Aek¨B cÖwZwU BDwbU Ges cv‡Vi cÖ_g Ask fv‡jvfv‡e co‡eb|
mswkøó cv‡V Kx Kx wel‡q cvV`vb Kiv n‡e Ges Avcwb Kx Kx Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Zv D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| wkÿv_©x
eÜziv, cÖ_‡g fv‡jvfv‡e cÖwZwU cv‡Vi ZË¡xq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| cÖwZwU BDwb†Ui †k‡l BDwbU DËi
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BDwbU 1 : †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK aviYv 1-12


cvV 1.1 : A_©bxwZi msÁv I cÖKvi‡f` 2-4
cvV 1.2 : A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vmg~n 5-7
cvV 1.3 : Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n 8-9
cvV 1.4 : A_©bxwZi A`„k¨nvZ ZË¡ 10-12

BDwbU 2 : Pvwn`v 13-22


cvV 2.1 : Pvwn`v A‡cÿK, m~Px I †iLv 14-17
cvV 2.2 : Pvwn`vi wba©viKmg~n 18-19
cvV 7.3 : Pvwn`v wewa 20-22

BDwbU 3 : †hvMvb 23-36


cvV 3.1 : ‡hvMvb I ‡hvMv‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n 24-25
cvV 3.2 : ‡hvMvb A‡cÿK, m~Px I †iLv 26-28
cvV 3.3 : ‡hvMvb wewa 29-30
cvV 3.4 : †hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv 31-36

BDwbU 4 : evRvi fvimvg¨ 37-46


cvV 4.1 : evRvi fvimvg¨ wba©viY 38-43
cvV 4.2 : evRvi fvimv‡g¨ miKvwi n¯Í‡ÿc 44-46

BDwbU 5 : Dc‡hvM 47-58


cvV 5.1 : Dc‡hvM I Dc‡hv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f` 48-51
cvV 5.2 : Dc‡hvM wewa 52-55
cvV 5.3 : mgcÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa 56-58
BDwbU 6 : wbi‡cÿ †iLv ZË¡ 59-76
cvV 6.1 : wbi‡cÿ †iLvi msÁv I ˆewkó¨ 60-65
cvV 6.2 : ev‡RU †iLv 66-68
cvV 6.3 : ‡fv³vi fvimvg¨ we‡kølY 69-71
cvV 6.4 : `vg cÖfve 72-76

BDwbU 7 : e¨q ZË¡ 77-88


cvV 7.1 : Drcv`b e¨‡qi aviYvmg~n 78-79
cvV 7.2 : e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ 80-85
cvV 7.3 : `xN©Kvjxb Mo e¨q †iLv 86-88

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BDwbU 8 : c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi 89-102
cvV 8.1 : c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii msÁv I ˆewkó¨ 90-92
cvV 8.2 : cÖwZ‡hvwM dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ 93-98
cvV 8.3 : wk‡íi fvimvg¨ 99-102

BDwbU 9 : GK‡PwUqv evRvi 103-114


cvV 9.1 : GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii cÖv_wgK aviYv 104-105
cvV 9.2 : GK‡PwUqv dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimvg¨ 106-109
cvV 9.3 : c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv I GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii Zzjbv 110-111
cvV 9.4 : ˆelg¨g~jK GK‡PwUqv Kvievi 112-114

BDwbU 10 : GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv I Awj‡Mvcwj 115-128


cvV 10.1 : GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii msÁv I ˆewkó¨ 116-118
cvV 10.2 : GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ we‡kølY 119-122
cvV 10.3 : Awj‡Mvcwji msÁv I ˆewkó¨ 123-124
cvV 10.4 : Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡ii wewfbœ g‡Wj 125-128

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gZvgZ w`‡q‡Qb MÖš’wU‡K me©vaywbK Ges mnR‡eva¨ Kivi Rb¨|

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