gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU: 5
Awa‡ekb- 5 : we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb Gi cwi‡ek ˆZwiKiY

Awa‡ekb- 6 : cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g e¨env‡i

m¶gZv e„w×KiY
Awa‡ekb- 7 : cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y
MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi e¨envi
Awa‡ekb- 8 : wkLb m¶gZvi wfbœZvi wfwˇZ `jMZ KvR, mZx_© wk¶Y Ges
we¯Í…Z Kvh©µg MÖnY
Awa‡ekb- 9 : mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡q AMÖMwZ cwiex¶Y

Awa‡ekb- 10 : mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i AR©b wbY©q

Awa‡ekb- 11 : †Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x© Df‡qiB AvMÖn a‡i ivLv
Awa‡ekb- 12 : †Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡K wkL‡b mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ
†KŠk‡ji cwiKíbv Kiv

45
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

46
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 5

we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi cwi‡ek ˆZwiKiY

f~wgKv:

we`¨vj‡q wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g cwi‡ek ˆZwi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| GB
welqwU mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶v`v‡bi †¶‡Î GKBfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| we`¨vj‡q Avjv`v mvgvwRK
weÁvb K¶ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| G mv‡_ mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi cÖwZwU wel‡qi mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw`i
Rb¨ Avjv`v Kb©vi I wk¶v DcKiYmg~n myk„•Ljfv‡e mvwR‡q GKwU Av`©k mvgvwRK
weÁvb K¶ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvq|

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
 we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi cwi‡ek ˆZwii DcKiYmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi mgm¨vewj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶YÑwkL‡bi mgm¨vmg~n `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq ej‡Z
cvi‡eb|

ce©mg~n
ce©- K: we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi cwi‡ek ˆZwii DcKiYmg~n
 wbY©q

wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wP Abyhvqx mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welqmg~n we`¨vj‡q wk¶v`v‡bi j‡¶¨

wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq I mnvqK mvgMÖx, wk¶K, wk¶v_x©, †Ljvi gvV, Avw_©K ms¯’vb, mvgvwRK
Ae¯’v, ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ, mvs¯‹…wZK Dcv`vb, cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖf„wZi mvgwóK mgv‡ek ev
Dcw¯’wZ‡K we`¨vj‡qi mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi cwi‡ek ejv nq|

47
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, wb‡gœi mvgvwRK weÁvb K‡¶i wP‡Îi Zxi wPwýZ As‡ki cv‡k we`¨vj‡qi
mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k Kx Kx DcKiY _vKv cÖ‡qvRb wjLyb:

we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb

wk¶Y-wkL‡bi Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY

ce©- L: we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶YÑwkL‡bi mgm¨vmg~n `~ixKiY


we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb Kv‡h© ‡ek wKQy mgm¨v cwijw¶Z nq| Gme mgm¨v
`~i Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hvq bv| GmKj mgm¨v
mgvav‡b wk¶v_x©, wk¶K I we`¨vjq cÖkvm‡bi †hŠ_ mnvqZvq GmKj mgm¨vi mgvavb
Ki‡Z cvi‡j Z‡eB myôz I h_vh_ wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i| we`¨vj‡qi
myôz cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ GmKj mgm¨v mgvavb AZxe Riæwi|

48
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, wb‡gœi Q‡K mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g wk¶K, wk¶v_x©, wk¶v
DcKiY I mn-wk¶vµwgK m¤úwK©Z 2wU K‡i mgm¨v D‡jøL Kiæb Ges mgm¨v Kxfv‡e
mgvavb Kiv hvq wjLyb:
mgm¨vi aib mgm¨v mgvavb
wk¶K m¤úwK©Z 1. 1.

2. 2.

wk¶v_x© m¤úwK©Z 1. 1.

2. 2.

wk¶v DcKiY m¤úwK©Z 1. 1.

2. 2.

mnwk¶vµwgK m¤úwK©Z 1. 1.

2. 2.

49
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

ce©- M: we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶YÑwkL‡b Av`k© mvgvwRK weÁvb K‡¶i

bgybv ‰Zwi

mvgvwRK weÁvb K¶wU n‡e Av‡jv-evZv‡m cwic~Y©| mvgvwRK weÁvb K‡¶ mvgvwRK
weÁvb welqmg~‡ni wk¶v`v‡bi wewfbœ ai‡bi DcKiY myôzfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y, e¨envi I
¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi myweav _vK‡e| G Rb¨ Kv‡Vi ev w÷‡ji Avjgvixi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZwU wel‡qi DcKiY msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Avjv`v Kb©vi _vK‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e K¶ mvwR‡q
wk¶v`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡j mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶v n‡e myk„•Lj, mycwiKwíZ mnR, my›`i,
Avb›``vqK I ¯^íe¨qx|

wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, wUD‡Uvwi‡qj K¬v‡mi w`b 5/6 Rb eÜzevÜe wb‡q wb‡Riv GKwU `j MVb
Kiæb| wb‡gœi †`qv mvgvwRK weÁvb K‡¶i wP‡Î Kxfv‡e, †Kv_vq mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi
DcKiYmg~n mvRv‡j GKwU Av`k© mvgvwRK weÁvb K¶ ˆZwi Kiv hvq †`Lvb|

50
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 5

g~j wkLbxq welq

we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb Gi cwi‡ek ˆZwiKiY

mvgvwRK weÁvb Áv‡bi Ggb GKwU kvLv hvi mvnv‡h¨ mgv‡Ri wewfbœ Dcv`vb, gvby‡li
 AvPvi-AvPiY, Kvh©Kjvc, Kvh©KviY cÖf„wZ m¤ú‡K© weÁvb m¤§Z fv‡e Av‡jvPbv, we‡kølY,
Abykxjb, ch©v‡jvPbv, ch©‡e¶Y, M‡elYv BZ¨vw` msMwVZ n‡q _v‡K| we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK
weÁv‡bi wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wP Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ welqmg~n wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxq I mnvqK mvgMÖx, wk¶K, wk¶v_x©, †Ljvi gvV, Avw_©K ms¯’vb, mvgvwRK Ae¯’v,
ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ, mvs¯‹…wZK Dcv`vb, cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖf„wZi mgwóMZ mgv‡ek‡K mvgvwRK
weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi cwi‡ek wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq|

mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡b we`¨vj‡q bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨v we`¨gvb| G mKj mgm¨vi
g‡a¨ e¨e¯’vcbvMZ, Avw_©K, cwi‡ekMZ, Áv‡bi mxgve×Zv, †ckvMZ, KZ©„c¶xq
D`vmxbZv, DcKi‡Yi Afve cÖf„wZ cwijw¶Z nq|

we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi mgm¨vewj:

mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi mKj wel‡q Ávb I `¶Zv m¤úbœ I cÖwk¶YcÖvß wk¶‡Ki ¯^íZv,
wk¶‡Ki welqMZ Áv‡bi Afve; mbvZb c×wZi †ckvMZ cÖ¯‘wZ; AvaywbK cÖhyw ³i Afve;
wk¶K‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi AvaywbK Ávb AR©‡bi cÖwZ Abxnv; mgwš^Z c×wZ‡Z
wk¶v`v‡b Abxnv; mgwš^Z c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Afve; cvV¨cy¯ÍK I gyL¯’
wbf©i wk¶v; Ach©vß gyw`ªZ DcKiY ‡hgb: Rvb©vj, eB-cy¯ÍK; ey‡jwUb, †idv‡iÝ eB
cÖf„wZi Afve; Rv`yNi, cÖ`k©bx, evwYR¨ †K›`ª I Drcv`b †K‡›`ª wk¶v_x©‡`i wb‡q hvIqvi
D‡`¨vM Kg; ¯’vbxq wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ (K¬ve, mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb, bvUK cÖf„wZ)
mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶‡Yi j‡¶¨ we`¨vjq KZ©©„c‡¶i `ye©j †hvMv‡hvM; mvgvwRK weÁvb
wk¶‡Ki cÖwk¶Y I mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cy¯ÍK, Rvb©vj I Ab¨vb¨

51
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

DcKiY msMª‡n we`¨vjq cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbv KZ©„c‡¶i D`vmxbZv; mvgvwRK weÁvb

wk¶‡Yi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx †kªwYK‡¶i Afve; mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶‡Y ¯’vbxq KuvPvgv‡j ˆZwi
I ¯^í e¨‡q cÖ¯‘ZK…Z DcKiY msMÖ‡n we`¨vjq cÖkvm‡bi D`vmxbZv|

we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK weÁvb K‡¶i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

Acwimxg| mvgvwRK weÁvb K¶wU n‡e Av‡jv-evZv‡m cwic~Y©| Gi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki
†¶‡Î we`¨vj‡qi `w¶Y As‡k mvgvwRK weÁvb K¶wU _vK‡j fv‡jv| mvgvwRK weÁvb
K‡¶ mvgvwRK weÁvb welqmg~‡ni wk¶v`v‡bi wewfbœ ai‡bi DcKiY myôzfv‡e
i¶Yv‡e¶Y, e¨envi I ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi myweav _vK‡e| G Rb¨ Kv‡Vi ev w÷‡ji
Avjgvixi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU wel‡qi DcKiY msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Avjv`v KY©vi
_vK‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e K¶ mvwR‡q wk¶v`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡j mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶v n‡e
myk„•Lj, mycwiKwíZ, mnR, my›`i, Avb›``vqK I ¯^íe¨qx| mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡b
mÂvjK wn‡m‡e me©v‡c¶v ¸iæZ¡c~Y© DcKiY¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶K|
Zuvi mej I †hvM¨ cwiKíbv, Dc¯’vcb, Áv‡bi MfxiZv, evPbfw½, mgqvbyewZ©Zv, Drmvn,
m„Rbkxj g‡bvfve, j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b AbgbxqZv Ges wbiwew”Qbœ cÖqvm, h_v_© g~j¨vqb
wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welqmg~‡n ÁvbvR©‡b AbycÖvwYZ K‡i †Zv‡j|

 g~j¨vqb
cÖkœ: mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi mgm¨vewj wPwýZ Kiæb Ges Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
Dcvq wbY©q Kiæb|

52
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

m¤¢ve¨ DËi

ce©- K:
we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡e‡ki DcKiYmg~n:
h‡_vchy³ †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ wk¶K,cvV MÖn‡bvc‡hvMx wk¶v_x©, AvKl©Yxq cvV¨cy¯ÍK, mnvqK
Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍKvw`, wewfbœ ai‡bi Agyw`ªZ DcKiY, ¯’vbxq KuvPvgvj wfwËK ev ¯^íe¨‡q
msM„nxZ wk¶v DcKiY, mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶v`v‡bi Dc‡hvMx K¶, AvaywbK cÖhyw³i
myweav cÖf„wZ|

ce©- L:
wb‡R Kiæb|

ce©- M:
wb‡R Kiæb|

53
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 6

cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g

e¨env‡i m¶gZv e„w× Kiv
f~wgKv:

mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶Y GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q|
GB cÖwk¶Y GKw`‡K cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i wb‡R‡`i †ckvMZ Áv‡bi cwiwa we¯Í…Z K‡i Ab¨w`‡K
wk¶v`v‡bi ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK c×wZ¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Ávb I `¶Zv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb
mdj wk¶K wnmv‡e M‡o D‡Vb| d‡j cÖwk¶Yv_x©iv nb AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx| Gm‡½ mvgvwRK
weÁvb welqK gyw`ªZ DcKiY cVb-cvVb Ges Agyw`ªZ DcKiY †`‡L ï‡b Ávb e„wׇZ
m¶gZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
 mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi ÁvbvR©‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Drmmg~‡ni bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g wk¶†Ki m¶gZv e„wׇZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw` mn wewfbœ gyw`ªZ
I Agyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi f~wgKv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ce©mg~n
ce©- K: mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb AR©‡bi wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm
 wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY wb‡R‡`i †ckvMZ `¶Zv e„w×i mv‡_ †kªwYK‡¶
e¨env‡ii j‡¶¨ Zuviv mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi cvV¨cy¯ÍK, mnvqK MÖš’vw` cVbc~e©K wewfbœfv‡e
Áv‡bi m¶gZv e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GQvov mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welqwfwËK mnvqK MÖš’,
Rvb©vj, mvgwqKx cÖf„wZ cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ávb e„wׇZ mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

54
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, Gevi Avmyb Avgiv wb‡gœi Q‡K mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi ÁvbvR©‡bi Drmmg~‡ni
GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kwi|

mvgvwRK weÁv‡b ÁvbvR©‡bi wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drmmg~n

55
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

ce©- L: gyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Áv‡bi m¶gZv e„w×


wk¶K cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡b Áv‡bi m¶gZv e„w×i Rb¨ gyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi
f~wgKv Acwimxg| Gme gyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mgvRweÁvb, A_©bxwZ, †cŠibxwZ,
BwZnvm, f~‡Mvj wel‡qi cvV¨cy¯ÍK| Gm‡½ mvgvwRK weÁvb m¤úwK©Z cwÎKv, Rvb©vj,
mvgwqKx cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb cÖwk¶Yv_x© mvgvwRK weÁv‡b Zuvi ÁvbfvÛvi mg„×
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›` Avcwb Avi †Kvb †Kvb gyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK
weÁv‡b m¶gZv e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv wb‡gœi Q‡K ˆZwi Kiæb|

mvgvwRK weÁv‡b
Áv‡bi mÿgZv
e„w×i Rb¨ gyw`ªZ
DcKiY

56
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

ce©- M:†kªwY Kvh©µ‡g Agyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Áv‡bi m¶gZv e„w×


mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ e¨eüZ gyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi cvkvcvwk Agyw`ªZ DcKiYmg~‡ni
f~wgKvI j¶Yxq| †`‡L ï‡b †h Ávb AR©b K‡i Zv wk¶K cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i g‡b ¯’vqx nq,
†kªwY‡Z Zviv cÖvbešÍ, `¶, †hvM¨ I mnRfv‡e cvV Dc¯’vc‡b m¶g nb| gva¨wgK
we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`i wb‡q HwZnvwmK ¯’vb ågY I HwZnvwmK
wb`k©bmg~n `k©b, Rv`yNi cwi`k©b, †mwgbvi-IqvK©mc cwiPvjbv, K…wl I wkí Drcv`b
†K›`ª cwi`k©b, bvUK-wm‡bgv A_ev †Uwjwfkb cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK weÁv‡b Áv‡bi
m¶gZv e„w× Kiv hvq|

wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, GKRb wk¶K cÖwk¶Yv_x© DwjøwLZ Kvh©µg †k‡l Kx Kx `¶Zv AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv wb‡gœi Q‡K 07wU ev‡K¨i gva¨‡g D‡jøL Kiæb|

1|

2|

3|

4|

5|

6|

7|

57
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

ce©- N: mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv

 mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi f~wgKv Ab¨Zg| cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g
GKRb wk¶K cvV`vb †KŠkj, †kªwY e¨e¯’vcbv, DcKiY ˆZwi I e¨envi, g~j¨vqb †KŠkj
BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© `¶Zv AR©b K‡ib|

wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, Gevi Avmyb Avgiv mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi
Dc‡hvwMZv kxl©K gvBÛg¨vwcswU c~iY Kwi|

wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi
Dc‡hvwMZv

58
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 6

g~j wkLbxq welq

cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g e¨env‡i

 m¶gZv e„w×KiY
 cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶Y Ab¨Zg cÖavb Drm
wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY wb‡R‡`i
†ckvMZ Áv‡bi cwiwa‡K we¯Í…Z Ki‡Z cv‡ib, wk¶v`v‡bi ZvwË¡K Ges e¨envwiK
c×wZ¸‡jv iß K‡i †kªwY wk¶v`vb‡K mvdj¨gwÛZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

 wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_©xMY wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wP, wk¶v cwiKíbv, †kªwY

e¨e¯’vcbv, wk¶v_x©‡`i cyi¯‹…Z Kiv, ¯^í †gavm¤úbœ wk¶v_x©‡`i Dbœqb, DcKi‡Yi
†hŠw³K e¨envi, ¯’vbxq m¤ú` I ¯^íe¨‡q DcKiY cÖ¯‘ZKiY wk¶v_x©‡`i
AskMÖnYg~jK cv‡V DØy×KiY, mvgvwRK weÁvb K‡¶i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyaveb,
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welqe¯‘mg~n we‡køl‡Yi Ges wk¶v_x©‡`i g~j¨vq‡bi c×wZ m¤^‡Ü
ÁvbvR©b K‡ib|

 †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g e¨env‡ii j‡¶¨ cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I mnvqK

cy¯ÍKvw`i mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœfv‡e Áv‡bi m¶gZv e„w× Kiv hvq| G‡¶‡Î cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY
gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡q AaxZ mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi AšÍfy©³ welq¸‡jvi KvVv‡gv I cwimi
m¤ú‡K© my¯úófv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡ib|

 mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb Ges †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g Gi e¨env‡i cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i m¶gZv e„w×i
Rb¨ we`¨vjq Ges wk¶K cÖwk¶Y K‡j‡Ri cvVvMvi¸‡jv‡K mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi DbœZ
gv‡bi cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw`i mvnv‡h¨ mg„× Kiv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ZvQvov
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welqwfwËK mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw`, Rvb©vj, mvgwqKx cÖf„wZI
cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ávb e„wׇZ AZ¨šÍ mnvqK wk¶v‡cvKiY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|

59
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

 cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi †kªwY‡Z e¨env‡ivc‡hvMx Ávb e„w×i Rb¨ mvgvwRK

weÁv‡bi AšÍfy©³ mgKvjxb wek¦ I evsjv‡`‡ki weZK©g~jK mgm¨v I NUbvewj wb‡q
†mwgbvi I weZ‡K©i Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

 cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY ¯^-D‡`¨v‡M mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw` ÁvbvR©‡bi j‡¶¨ msMÖn

Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cwÎKv,Rvb©vj, mvgwqKx
cÖf„wZ‡Z cÖeÜ/wbeÜ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

 gyw`ªZ wk¶v‡cvKi‡Yi b¨vq Agyw`ªZ wk¶v‡cvKiYI cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi

Ávb e„wׇZ mnvqK| ï‡b Ges †`‡L cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY †h Ávb AR©b K‡ib Zv Zv‡`i
g‡b ¯’vqx nq, †kªwY‡Z Zviv cÖvYešÍ, `¶, †hvM¨, mnR mijfv‡e cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|

 evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK wk¶v †kl K‡i A_ev G ch©vq †_‡K S‡i c‡o A‡bK wk¶v_x©
Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i| gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶v_x©‡`i GKwU Ask D”P wk¶v AR©‡b
AMÖmi nq| Kv‡RB G ch©v‡qi wk¶v‡K m„Rbkxj, Kvh©Kix, A_©en Kivi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q
wk¶K cÖwk¶Y K‡j‡Ri cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ávb e„w× Kiv| Zviv e„w× cªvß Ávb Øviv
Zv‡`i wk¶v_x©‡`i Ávb, `¶Zv, ˆbcyY¨, g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½i Dbœqb Ki‡Z mg_©
n‡eb| G‡Z m„Rbkxj, Kg©V I D”Pgv‡bi `¶Zv m¤úbœ Rbkw³ †`‡ki Dbœq‡b hy³
n‡q Ae`vb ivL‡Z cvi‡e|

g~j¨vqb

cÖkœ: mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb AR©‡bi Drmmg~n D‡jøL Kiæb| mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb
e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv eY©bv Kiæb|

cÖkœ: †kªwY-Kvh©µ‡g Agyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi f~wgKv we‡kølY Kiæb|

60
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

m¤¢ve¨ DËi:
ce©- K:
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi ÁvbvR©‡bi Drmmg~n: wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wP, cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wk¶K
wb‡`©wkKv, msev`cÎ, †eªvwmqvi, welq mswkøó cy¯ÍK, welq mswkøó RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK
Rvb©vj, mvgwqKx, miKvix cÖKvkbv- †hgb cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi cÖKvkbv, cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi
cÖKvkbv, cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek, mgvR, wewfbœ HwZnvwmK ¯’vb I wb`k©bmg~n, Rv`yNi, gvbwPÎ,
Qwe, PvU©, ‡mwgbvi, IqvK©mc, wk¶K cÖwk¶Y, jvB‡eªwi, K…wl I wkí Drcv`b †K›`ª, bvUK,
wm‡bgv, †Uwjwfkb, Kw¤úDUvi I B›Uvi‡bU, we‡kl NUbvi cÖZ¨¶`k©xi eY©bv, Rxeb
Kvwnwb|

ce©- L:
wb‡R Kiæb|

ce©- M:
1| cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ávb e„w× K‡i|
2| cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb mnR K‡i|
3| †kªwY‡Z weg~Z© welq‡K mn‡R I g~Z©fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4| †kªwYi wk¶v_x©‡`i eqm, `„wófw½ I eyw×gËv Abyhvqx cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5| mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi AšÍfy©³ mgKvjxb we‡k¦i weZK©g~jK mgm¨v I NUbvewj wb‡q
†mwgbvi, weZK© I IqvK©mc Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g Ávb e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i|
6| mKj wk¶v_x©i Pvwn`v I AvKv•¶v wbe„wË Ki‡Z cv‡i|
7| wk¶Y I wkLb ˆewPÎ Avbqb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

ce©- N:
wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv
 †ckvMZ Ávb e„w×|
 wk¶v`vb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b|
 wk¶v`vb c×wZ e¨env‡i m¶gZv e„w×|

61
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

 wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wP m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b|

 mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡b DcKiYmg~n e¨envi c×wZ I †KŠkj m¤ú‡K©
ÁvbvR©b|
 mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welqe¯‘mg~n ch©‡e¶Y, we‡kølY I ms‡køl‡Y `¶Zv AR©b|
 ¯’vbxq m¤ú` e¨envi K‡i ¯^í e¨‡q DcKiY cÖ¯‘‡Zi ÁvbvR©b|
 wk¶v_x©‡`i ÁvbvR©‡b mnwk¶vµwgK Kvh©vewji ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb|

62
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 7

cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb

g~j¨hvPvB‡qi e¨envi
f~wgKv:
wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB wk¶v_x©i wkL‡bi AMÖMwZ hvPvB‡qi GKwU
Ab¨Zg ch©vq| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó welq cvV`vb PjvKv‡j wk¶v_x©‡`i †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq ZvB
n‡jv MVbKvjxb gyj¨vqb| Gi Øviv wk¶v_x© h_vh_ wkL‡Q wKbv, wk¶K wkLb c×wZ
h_vh_ e¨envi Ki‡Qb wKbv Ges welqe¯‘ msµvšÍ aviYv h_vh_fv‡e G¸‡”Q wKbv Zv
MVbKvjxb g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g ¯úó nq|

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
 MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv ej‡Z I Gi wewfbœ ai‡Yi †KŠkj wPwýZ

Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi wfwË wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi
¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi
†KŠkj e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ce©mg~n
ce©- K: MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi aviYv

†Kvb cvV ev †Kvm© PjvKv‡j wk¶v_x©‡`i †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb ejv
nq| g~jZ MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB n‡”Q wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri Ask we‡kl| GwU wkL‡bi
GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges G‡K wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv hvq bv| G
hvPvB e¨e¯’v wkLb-wkLv‡bv cÖwµqvi ms‡½ m¤ú„³| Kv‡RB GwU P~ovšÍ g~j¨hvPvB †_‡K wfbœ

63
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

cÖK…wZi| MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB wk¶v_©x‡`i ¯^g~j¨vq‡b mnvqZv K‡i Ges Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
µ‡gvbœwZ cÖwk¶K‡`i Rvb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Gfv‡e MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB e¨envi K‡i
cÖwk¶KMY cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZ K‡i _v‡Kb|

wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, wbgœewY©Z Ôwk¶v_x© MVbKvjxb gyj¨vqb †KŠk‡ji †¶ÎÕ †_‡K †Kvb¸wj
wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb Ges †Kvb¸wj wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg †k‡l Kiv nq
hvPvBc~e©K wbw`©ó Q‡K D‡jøL Kiæb|

cÖ‡kœvËi, mv¶vrKvi, gv_v LvUv‡bv, Míejv, Qwe

AvuKv, gvbwPÎ AvuKv †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, †Rvovq
KvR, gvBÛg¨vwcs, f~wgKvwfbq `jxqKv‡Ri
cvi¯úwiK g~j¨vqb, wb‡`©wkZ KvR, †Km ÷vwW,
ch©‡e¶Y, †kªwYi KvR, mvßvwnK cix¶v,
†kªwY cix¶v, gvwmK cix¶v,
G¨vmvBb‡g›U, †mwgbvi, †PKwj÷|

†Kvb¸wj wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb †Kvb¸wj wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg †k‡l Kiv

mgq Kiv hvq? nq?

64
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

ce©- L: MVbKvjxb g~j¨ hvPvB‡qi ¸iæZ¡


MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB wk¶K/cÖwk¶‡Ki Rb¨I ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB cÖwk¶Yv_©x/
wk¶v_©x wVKgZ wkL‡Q wKbv A_ev wk¶K wVKgZ wkLv‡Z cvi‡Qb wKbv, Zv wbY©q Ki‡ZI
Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq| cÖwk¶Yv_©xi welqe¯‘ msµvšÍ aviYv mwVK c‡_ G¸‡”Q wKbv A_ev
wk¶K h_vh_ wkLb c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Qb wKbv, ZvI GB ai‡Yi g~j¨hvPvB‡qi gva¨‡g
wb‡`©k Kiv hvq|

MVbKvjxb g~j¨
hvPvB‡qi ¸iæZ¡

wcÖq
wk¶v_x©e„›`, DwjøwLZ MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi ¸iæZ¡ e¨ZxZ Avi Kx Kx ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q e‡j
Avcwb g‡b K‡ib Zv Kx (Key) c‡q›U Gi gva¨‡g wb‡gœi Q‡K wjLyb|

65
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

ce©- M: MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi †KŠkj e¨envi


MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB c‡e© cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y
†kªwY‡Z †gŠwLK cÖkœ K‡i, †kªwY‡Z GKK KvR, †hŠ_ KvR, `jxq KvR, wb‡`©wkZ cVb,
gvBÛg¨vwcs BZ¨vw` †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| wcÖq wk¶v_x©, g‡b
Kiæb Avcwb gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi 9g †kªwYi mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi ................. kxl©K
welqe¯‘wU AvMvgxKvj cvV`vb Ki‡eb| Avcwb D³ welq cvV`v‡b MVbKvjxb
g~j¨vhvPvB‡q Kx Kx †KŠkj e¨envi Ki‡eb Zvi GKwU cwiKíbv wb‡gœi Q‡K Zz‡j aiæb|

MVbKvjxb g~j¨ hvPvB wk¶‡Ki KvR

†KŠkj
†kªwY‡Z cÖkœKiY

†kªwY‡Z KvR †`qv

evwoi KvR

wb‡`©wkZ KvR

66
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 7

g~j wkLbxq welq

cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb
g~j¨hvPvB‡qi e¨envi
wk¶v_x©i wkL‡bi AMÖMwZ Ae¯’v hvPvB n‡”Q wk¶v g~j¨vqb|
 g~j¨vqb cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v:
1| MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb (Formative Evaluation)
†Kv‡bv cvV ev †Kvm© PjvKv‡j wk¶v_x©‡`i †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K MVbKvjxb
g~j¨vqb e‡j|
†hgb: avivevwnK g~j¨vqb, mvßvwnK cix¶v, gvwmK cix¶v BZ¨vw`|
2| P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb (Summative Evaluation)
†Kv‡bv †Kvm© mgvwßi ci wk¶v_x©‡`i †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
e‡j|

MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB
MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB n‡”Q wkLb-‡kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri Ask we‡kl| GwU †kLv‡bvi GKwU
Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges G‡K wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv hvq bv| G g~j¨vqb
e¨e¯’v wkLb-†kLv‡bvi ms‡½ m¤ú„³| Kv‡RB GwU P~ovšÍ g~j¨hvPvB †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wfbœ
cÖK…wZi|

MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB wk¶v_©x‡`i ¯^ g~j¨vq‡b mnvqZv K‡i Ges Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i µ‡gvbœwZ
cÖwk¶K‡`i ev wk¶K‡`i Rvb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| d‡j cÖwk¶KMY cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb
aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB e¨envi K‡ib|

MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi ¸iæZ¡

wk¶v_©xi wkL‡bi e¨vcv‡i MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB wb‡`©kbv `vb K‡i| Gi gva¨‡g wkLbKv‡j
djveZ©b cvIqv hvq| Gfv‡e cÖwk¶Yv_©x Kx AR©b Kij ev KZUzKz wkLj A_©vr
cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv KZUzKz Zv wPwýZ Kiv hvq|

67
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB wk¶K/cÖwk¶‡Ki Rb¨I ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv

my¯úóKi‡Y G g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖvß djveZ©b e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_©x/wk¶v_©x wVKgZ wkL‡Q wKbv A_ev wk¶K

wVKgZ wkLv‡Z cvi‡Qb wKbv, Zv wbY©q Ki‡ZI Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq| cÖwk¶Yv_©xi welqe¯‘
msµvšÍ aviYv mwVK c‡_ G¸‡”Q wKbv A_ev wk¶K h_vh_ wkLb c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Qb
wKbv, ZvI GB ai‡bi g~j¨hvPvB‡qi gva¨‡g wb‡`©k Kiv hvq| d‡j G ai‡bi
g~j¨hvPvB‡qi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xi aviYv my¯úó Kiv hvq Ges wk¶K cÖ‡qvR‡b wk¶Y c×wZ
cwieZ©b K‡i wk¶vi ¸YMZ gvb DbœZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB c×wZ I †KŠkjmg~n

cÖ‡kœvËi, mv¶vrKvi, gv_v LvUv‡bv, Míejv,Qwe/wPÎ/gvbwPÎ AvuKv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, †Rvovq

KvR, gvBÛg¨vwcs,f~wgKvwfbq,`jxqKv‡Ri cvi¯úwiK g~j¨vqb,wb‡`©wkZ cVb, †Km ÷vwW,
ch©‡e¶Y, mvßvwnK cix¶v, †kªwY cix¶v,gvwmK cix¶v, G¨vmvBb‡g›U, †mwgbvi, †PK wj÷
BZ¨vw`|

cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi e¨envi

we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKi‡Y I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi wewfbœ †KŠkjmg~n

Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jv‡M Zv wb‡gœ ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:

 †kªwY‡Z †gŠwLK cÖkœKiY: †kªwYK‡¶ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri mg‡q cÖwk¶KMY †h mKj

cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡ib Ges cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e †m mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z nq|
†kªwYK‡¶ cÖkœKiY cvV¨m~wPi cieZx© cv‡V hvIqvi Rb¨ Zvui wk¶Y †ewkifvM
cÖwk¶Yv_©xi mdj n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡Z A_ev Zv‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv
KZUzKy Zvi gvÎv wbiƒcb Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †Kv‡bv cÖwk¶Yv_©xi we`¨gvb aviYv
my¯úóKi‡Y evowZ mvnv‡h¨i cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wKbv, cÖwk¶K‡K †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡Z
†kªwY‡Z †gŠwLK cÖkœKiY mnvqZv K‡i|

68
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

 †kªwYi KvR: †kªYxi KvR n‡”Q-†kªwY‡Z m¤úvw`Z cÖwk¶Yv_©xi Kvhv©ewj|Gme †kªwY

Kvh©vewji KZK¸‡jv c‡iv¶fv‡e cÖwk¶Yv_©xi Kv‡R Av‡m Ges AwaKvskB Zv‡`i
AwR©Z `¶Zv Ges Ávb cÖ‡qvM I e¨envwiK Rxe‡b Abykxj‡bi mv‡_ mswkó|
mvaviYZ †kªwY Kv‡Ri AšÍf©~³ Kvhv©ewj n‡”Q, mv¶vrKvi, gv_v LvUv‡bv, Míejv,
Qwe/wPÎ/gvbwPÎ AvuKv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, †Rvovq KvR, gvBÛg¨vwcs, f~wgKvwfbq,
`jxqKv‡Ri cvi¯úwiK g~j¨vqb, wb‡`©wkZ cVb, †Km ÷vwW, ch©‡e¶Y, †PK wj÷
BZ¨vw`| GmKj Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_©xiv hLb Zv‡`i Ávb I `¶Zv Abykxjb I
cÖ‡qvM K‡i, ZLb cÖwk¶K Zv‡`i ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges wk¶Y KZUv Kvh©Ki
n‡q‡Q Zv eyS‡Z cv‡ib| wdWe¨vK Ges cÖ‡kœi Dˇii gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i KvR
ZË¡veavb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbvi gva¨‡g we`¨gvb aviYv my¯úó Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| G‡Z wk¶K-wk¶v_©x Ges wk¶v_©x-wk¶v_©xi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
d‡j we`¨gvb aviYv my¯úóKiY mnRZi nq|

 †gŠwLK Dc¯’vcbv: e¨w³MZ ev GKK KvR Ges `jxq Kv‡Ri †gŠwLK Dc¯’vcbvi
gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZ Kiv mnR nq Ges cÖwk¶K †m Abyhvqx
aviYv my¯úóKi‡Y c`‡¶c wb‡Z cv‡ib|

 e¨w³MZ/GKK Kv‡Ri †gŠwLK Dc¯’vcb: G‡¶‡Î wk¶K cÖkœ K‡ib Ges wk¶v_©x DËi
†`q| G cÖwµqvq wk¶K g~j¨vqb K‡ib mKj A_ev AwaKvsk wk¶v_©xB Zv‡`i
covïbvi welqwU ey‡S‡Q wKbv Ges Zviv cwi®‹vifv‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i wKbv|
Av‡iv eyS‡Z cv‡ib, wk¶v_©xi eyS‡Z Ges †gŠwLKfv‡e Dc¯’vcbvi `¶Zv e„wׇZ
Av‡iv mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wKbv|
 `jxq Kv‡Ri †gŠwLK Dc¯’vcbv: `jxq KvR, eo †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡`i K_v ejvi
GKwU Ab¨Zg gva¨g| `jxq Kv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv A‡bK wk¶v_©x‡K GKB mg‡q
†kªwYK‡¶ K_v ejvi my‡hvM †`Iqv| `jxq KvR A‡bK wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ cvV`vbKv‡j
mwµq AskMÖnY‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| `jxq KvR †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi `¶Zv
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Z`viwK ev gwbUwis; GUvB cwiex¶Y| ZvB GB mvgwqK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv‡K cwiex¶Y
e‡j| g~j¨vq‡b D³ welqwU cv‡Vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ KZUzKz AwR©Z n‡”Q Zv we‡kølY K‡i
†`Lv nq| Bs‡iwR gwbUwis kãwU cwiex¶‡Yi cÖwZkã wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ| †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri
AMÖMwZ wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Zv Aek¨B gwbUwis Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr gwbUwis ev cwiex¶Y n‡jv
GKwU †KŠkj| Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZ ch©‡e¶Y K‡i j¶¨ AR©b bv nIqv ch©šÍ cy‡iv welqwU
Z`viwK KivB G †KŠk‡ji KvR|

wk¶v_x©e„&›` Avmyb Gevi Avgiv wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi msw¶ß DËi †`evi †Póv Kwi|
µg cÖkœ DËi

1| cwiex¶Y kãwUi cÖwZkã n‡”Q gwbUwis/†gBb‡UBb

2| cwiex¶Y GKwU ... †KŠkj/KvR

3| cwiex¶Y me mgq .. j¶¨gyLx/j¶¨nxb

4| cwiex¶Y j¶¨ AR©‡bi Amyweavmg~n `~ixKi‡Y mn‡hvwMZv K‡i/K‡i bv|

5| cwiex¶Y Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv wb‡`©kbv †`q ... mvgvwRK g~j¨vq‡bi/AMÖMwZi

81
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

ce©- L: cwiex¶‡Y we‡eP¨ w`Kmg~n


cwiex¶Y Ggb GKwU †KŠkj hvi mvnv‡h¨ mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡qi AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv
mg¨K aviYv †c‡Z cvwi| ZvB cÖ_‡g Avgiv mvgvwRK weÁv‡b AMÖMwZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq
†mUv Rvbvi †Póv Kie| mvaviYfv‡e AMÖMwZ A_© AMÖmi nIqv| mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡q
AMÖMwZ A_© G wel‡q wk¶v_x© GKK ev `jxqfv‡e KZUzKz cv‡V AMÖmi n‡jv, wk¶v_x©i cvV
AMÖMwZ, Ávb, `¶Zv I g‡bvfve m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv| wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`i †gŠwLK,
wjwLZ, Awc©Z KvR, mvßvwnK cix¶v, evwo I †kªwYi KvR BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g AMªMwZ m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvB AMÖMwZ cwiex¶‡Y D³ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| GQvov
mvgvwRK weÁv‡b wk¶v_©x msL¨v, Dcw¯’wZ, wk¶v_©xi nvi, †Q‡j-†g‡q AbycvZ, wk¶‡Ki
†hvM¨Zv BZ¨vw` welqI †`Lvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK weÁv‡b cwiex¶‡Yi †¶‡Î Kx
Kx welq LwZ‡q †`Lv `iKvi †m wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ KivB G ch©v‡qi D‡Ïk¨|

wk¶v_x©e„›` G wel‡q 5 wgwbU wPšÍv fvebv K‡i wb‡Pi QKwUi Lvwj Ni¸‡jv c~iY Kiæb|

Dcw¯’wZ

wk¶v_x©i msL¨v

mvgvwRK weÁv‡b
cwiex¶‡Yi w`K

cwiex¶‡Yi wdWe¨v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i GKRb cwiex¶K Kx Kx wel‡qi cÖwZ j¶¨
ivL‡eb e‡j g‡b K‡ib wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i wjLyb|

82
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

m¤¢ve¨ DËi:
 cÖZ¨¶ ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb|
 avivevwnK I wbqwgZfv‡e cwiex¶Y Ki‡eb|
 Av‡jvPbv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡eb, civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
 wk¶v_x©i ÎæwU I mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ges mgvav‡bi Dcvq wPwýZ K‡i wbqwgZ
cwiex¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e I cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

ce©- M: cwiex¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ I cÖkœcÎ/†PKwj÷ cÖbqb


wb‡R Kiæb|

83
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 9

g~j wkLbxq welq

mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡q AMÖMwZ cwiex¶Y

cwiex¶‡Yi Zzjbvq gwbUwis Bs‡iwR cÖwZkãwU †ewk cwiwPZ| cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi wm×všÍ
 MÖn‡Y mnvqZvi Rb¨ †mB cÖK‡íi AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡©K wbqwgZ Z_¨ msMÖn, msi¶Y, we‡kølY,
cwigvcb I AewnZKi‡Yi cÖwµqv‡K cwiex¶Y e‡j| cwiex¶‡Yi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP
ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖevngvb aviv‡K ch©‡e¶Y Ges hvPvB Kiv hvq| †h KvRwU nv‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q,
Zv wVK wVK GwM‡q P‡j‡Q wKbv Zv †R‡b I ey‡S †bqvi KvRwU n‡jv gwbUwis| Z‡e G
cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †Kvb PzovšÍ djvdj †NvlYv Kiv hvq bv| G cÖwµqvi cÖ_‡g Z_¨ I DcvË
msM„nxZ nq, hvi Dci wfwË K‡i ÎæwUweP¨ywZ m¤ú‡K© wdWe¨vK ‡`Iqv nq| wdWe¨v‡Ki
Dci wfwË K‡i wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv nq| G KvR ZLbB j¶¨ AR©b K‡i hLb Kv‡R
†Kv‡bv Amyweav, evav ev mgm¨v m„wó nq Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c M„nxZ n‡q
_v‡K| A_©vr Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZi mve©¶wYK Z`viwK Ges mvgwqK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv‡K
cwiex¶Y e‡j|
wk¶v‡¶‡Î g~j¨vqb ej‡Z †evSvq, wk¶v_x©i wkL‡bi AMÖMwZi Ae¯’v hvPvB| wk¶v
Kvh©µ‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv I mvdj¨ m¤ú‡K© c×wZMZ wePvi we‡kølY| g~j¨vqb wk¶v
Kvh©µ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ I j¶¨ KZUzKz AwR©Z n‡”Q ev n‡q‡Q Zv Z_¨wfwËK wePvi we‡kølY K‡i
†`Lv nq| g~j¨vq‡bi Dci cwiex¶Y Kiv Ges cwiex¶‡Yi wdWe¨v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i
wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| cwiex¶YKv‡j cwiex¶K‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jvi
cÖwZ j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
 cÖZ¨¶ ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb|
 avivevwnK I wbqwgZ fv‡e cwiex¶Y Ki‡eb|
 Av‡jvPbv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡eb, civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
 wk¶v_x©i ÎæwU I mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ges mgvav‡bi Dcvq wPwýZ K‡i wbqwgZ
cwiex¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e I cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

84
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

wk¶K †gŠwLK, wjwLZ, Awc©Z KvR, mvßvwnK cix¶v, evwo I †kªwYi KvR BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g
AMªMwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvB AMÖMwZ cwiex¶‡Y D³ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z
n‡e| GQvov mvgvwRK weÁv‡b wk¶v_©x msL¨v, Dcw¯’wZ, wk¶v_©xi nvi, †Q‡j-†g‡q
AbycvZ, wk¶‡Ki †hvM¨Zv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jvI †`Lvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|

Dcw¯’wZ

wk¶v_x©i msL¨v

wk¶v_x©i nvi mvgvwRK weÁv‡b

cwiex¶‡Yi w`K Ávb

wk¶‡Ki cvV AMÖMwZ

†hvM¨Zv †Q‡j‡g‡qi
AbycvZ

cwiex¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ I cÖkœcÎ/†PKwj÷ cÖYqb

1| we`¨j‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb welqwU cwiex¶Y Kivi Rb¨ cwiex¶‡Ki Kx Kx cª¯‘wZ _vKv
cÖ‡qvRb Zv †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

2| cÖwk¶K cÖwk¶Yv_x©†`i DËi MÖnY Ki‡eb Ges wb‡R cwiex¶‡Ki cª¯‘wZ m¤ú©‡K
msw¶ß cvV †`‡eb|

3| we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb welqwU cwiex¶Y Kivi Rb¨ GKwU †PKwj÷/ cÖkœcÎ cÖYqY
Ki‡Z ej‡eb| KvRwU Kivi Rb¨ cÖwk¶Yv_x©†`i K‡qKwU `‡j wef³ K‡i ‡b‡eb|

4| cÖwk¶Yv_x©iv `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †PKwj÷/cÖkœcÎ cÖYqb Ki‡eb| cÖwk¶K

wb‡`©kbvg~jK civgk© I mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|

85
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

5| cÖwZwU `j Zv‡`i KvR †cv÷vi †ccvi A_ev I.GBP.wc-†Z cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb|

6| cÖwk¶K welqwUi mvigg© †U‡b cvV †kl Ki‡eb|

g~j¨vqb
 1| cwiex¶‡Yi msÁv wjLyb|
2| mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y AMÖMwZ‡Z we‡eP¨ w`K¸‡jv Kx Kx?
3| cwiex¶‡Yi wdWe¨v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i GKRb cwiex¶‡Ki Kx Kx KiYxq?
4| cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi m¤úK© wbY©q Kiæb|

86
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 10

mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i AR©b wbY©q

f~wgKv
wk¶v_x©iv †Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ wk¶Yxq wel‡q †h Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b K‡i
†mUvB n‡jv wk¶v_x©i K…wZZ¡ ev AR©b (Achievement)| G AR©b wbY©q Kiv wk¶‡Ki
GKwU wbqwgZ KvR| AR©b wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g †Kej wk¶v_x©i cvV AMÖMwZ I Zvi Ávb,
`¶Zv I g‡bvfve m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| GRb¨ wk¶K‡K wewfbœ †KŠkj Aej¤^b
Ki‡Z nq| †m‡¶‡Î wk¶K wk¶v_x©i †gŠwLK, wjwLZ, Awc©Z KvR, mvßvwnK cix¶v, evwoi
KvR, †kªwY I mvßvwnK cix¶v BZ¨vw`i mvnvh¨ wb‡q _v‡Kb| Gme wKQyB wk¶v_x©i AR©b
wbY©‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
 wkLbdj AR©‡b wewfbœ g~j¨vqb †KŠk‡ji bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 AMÖMwZ cwiex¶Y I cvi`wk©Zv AR©b wbY©‡q g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I Zvi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K©
ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

ce©mg~n
ce©- K: AR©b/K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vq‡bi aviYv
 wk¶vi GKwU Ab¨Zg j¶¨ n‡jv wk¶v_x©i Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cwieZ©‡bi
gva¨‡g Zvi AvPi‡Yi evwÂZ cwieZ©b Avbqb| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ wk¶vµ‡gi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I
welqe¯‘ wba©viY K‡i Gi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i AvPi‡Yi evwÂZ cwieZ©b Avbvi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ
ai‡bi wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| djkÖæwZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv †Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ
wk¶Yxq wel‡q †h Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b K‡i †mUvB n‡jv wk¶v_x©i
K…wZZ¡ ev AR©b (Achievement)| Avi wewfbœ wel‡q wk¶v_x©i K…wZZ¡ hvPvB‡qi c×wZ ev
cÖwµqv n‡jv K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb ev AR©b wbY©q| g~j¨vq‡bi mswkøó cvwifvwlK cÖZ¨q¸‡jv n‡”Q
cix¶v (Examination), Afx¶v (Test), cwigvc (Measurement)|

87
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

ce©- L: AR©b wbY©‡q wewfbœ g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I Zvi cÖ‡qvM


B‡Zvc~‡e© Avgiv †R‡bwQ †h, wk¶Yxq wel‡qi Dc‡i wk¶v_x© †h Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I
g~j¨‡eva AR©b K‡i †mUvB Zvi K…wZZ¡ ev AR©b| †m K…wZZ¡ wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wewfbœ †KŠkj
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| G †KŠkj¸‡jv‡K ejv nq g~j¨vqb †KŠkj| wk¶v_x© eÜz, GLb †m
†KŠkj¸‡jv wb‡q Avgiv ch©vqµ‡g Av‡jvPbv Kie|
wk¶vg~jK Afx¶v 2 cÖKvi h_v- (1) wjwLZ Afx¶v I (2) †gŠwLK Afx¶v| wjwLZ
Afx¶v Avevi `yB fv‡M wef³| iPbvg~jK cix¶v I ‰be©¨w³K Afx¶v| ‡gŠwLK Afx¶vI
`yB cÖKvi: KvVv‡gvMZ †gŠwLK Afx¶v I AKvVv‡gvMZ †gŠwLK Afx¶v|

gb¯ÍvwË¡K Afx¶vi †kªwY wefvM: eyw×i Afx¶v (Intelligence test); we‡kl m¤¢vebvi
Afx¶v (Special Aptitude test); we‡kl gvbwmK `¶Zvi Afx¶v (Special Ability
test); e¨w³Z¡ cwigv‡ci Afx¶v (Personality test); wPšÍvkw³i Afx¶v (Test of

Reasoning)|

AvZ¥eY©bvg~jK †KŠkj (Self Reporting Techniques): Wv‡qwi †jLv; mv¶vrKvi;

cÖkœgvjv; ch©‡e¶Y †KŠkj: A¨v‡bK‡WvUvj †iKW©; †PK wj÷; ‡iwUs †¯‹j; mgvRwgwZg~jK
†KŠkj |

wk¶v_x©e„›`, Gevi wb‡P cÖ`Ë g~j¨vqb †KŠkj¸‡jv †Kvb ch©vqfy³ n‡e Zv wbY©q K‡i †kªwY
wefvM Kiæb|

1. †PK wj÷ 2. wjwLZ Afx¶v 3. †gŠwLK Afx¶v 4. wPšÍvkw³i Afx¶v

5. iPbvg~jK cix¶v 6. we‡kl gvbwmK `¶Zvi Afx¶v 7. eyw×i Afx¶v
8.‡iwUs †¯‹j 9. cÖkœgvjv 10. ˆbe¨w³K Afx¶v 11. Wv‡qwi †jLv
12.mv¶vrKvi 13. e¨w³Z¡ cwigv‡ci Afx¶v 14. A¨v‡bK‡WvUvj †iKW©

wk¶v_x©e„›` Avmyb g~j¨vqb †KŠkj¸‡jv wb‡q wPšÍvfvebv K‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiæb Ges wb‡Pi
QKwU‡Z A_ev Avjv`v KvM‡R cÖ‡Z¨KwUi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i cÖkœ ˆZwi Kiæb|

88
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

cÖ‡kœi aib cÖkœ

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ eY©bvg~jK
msw¶ß DËi
GKk‡ã DËi
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY
wgjKiY
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ kbv³KiY
mZ¨/wg_¨v
DËg DËi wbY©q
nvu/bv
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 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 10

g~j wkLbxq welq

mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i AR©b wbY©q
GKRb wk¶‡Ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb KvR n‡jv wk¶v_x©‡K wZwb hv †kLv‡jb A_©vr wkLbxq
 wel‡q wk¶v_x©i AMÖMwZ KZLvwb n‡q‡Q Zv hvPvB Kiv| wk¶v_x©i cv‡Vi AMÖMwZ cwiex¶Y
I AR©b wbY©q Kiv wk¶‡Ki GKwU wbqwgZ KvR| GUv Qvov bZzb cvV `vb Kiv e¨_© †Póv
gvÎ| †Kbbv AR©b wbY©‡qi d‡j wk¶v_x©i cvV AMÖMwZ I Zvi Ávb, `¶Zv I g‡bvfve
m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| GRb¨ wk¶K wk¶v_x©i †gŠwLK, wjwLZ, Awc©Z KvR, mvßvwnK
cix¶v, evwoi KvR, †kªwY I mvßvwnK cix¶vi e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| wk¶v_x©i `¶Zv
I cvi`wk©Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wi‡cvU© KvW© ˆZwi, ch©v‡jvPbv I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb G‡¶‡Î
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| wk¶v_x©i wkL‡bi ci eZ©gvb Ae¯’v, AvMÖn, g‡bvfve, e¨envwiK
`¶Zv I cvi`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cwiex¶Y I Achievement Test
MÖn‡Yi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|

wk¶v_x©i AMÖMwZ cwiex¶Y I cvi`wk©Zv AR©b wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i wbqgZvwš¿KZv,

cvVMÖnY, Abycw¯’wZ, wej¤^ ev cjvqb, †kªwY I evwoi KvR, Awc©Z KvR, cvV Abykxjb I
agx©q mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©vewj h_v_©fv‡e wk¶v_x© cÖwZcvjb Ki‡Q wKbv †m m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íe aviYv
cvIqv hvq| G‡Z †kªwYwk¶K, AwffveK I Ab¨vb¨ wk¶‡Ki gšÍe¨mn welqwfwËK †MÖwWs
c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_x©i hveZxq Kvh©vewj g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq| G mKj †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i
AR©b m¤ú‡K© Lye mn‡RB aviYv cvIqv m¤¢e ZvB bq, Gi wfwˇZ ciewZ© cvV`v‡bi Rb¨
wk¶v_x© KZUzKz Dchy³ †mUvI cwigvc Kiv hvq| A_©vr fwel¨r cvV cwiKíbv MÖn‡YI
mnvqK f~wgKv iv‡L|

wk¶vi GKwU Ab¨Zg j¶¨ n‡jv wk¶v_x©i Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cwieZ©‡bi
gva¨‡g Zvi AvPi‡Yi evwÂZ cwieZ©b Avbqb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ wk¶vµ‡gi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I
welqe¯‘ wba©viY K‡i Gi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i AvPi‡Yi evwÂZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi j‡¶¨

90
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

wewfbœ ai‡bi wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| djkÖæwZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv †Kv‡bv
wba©vwiZ wk¶Yxq wel‡q †h Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b K‡i †mUvB n‡jv
wk¶v_x©i K…wZZ¡ ev AR©b (Achievement)| Avi wewfbœ wel‡q wk¶v_x©i K…wZZ¡ hvPvB‡qi
c×wZ ev cÖwµqv n‡jv K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb ev AR©b wbY©q| g~j¨vq‡bi mswkøó cvwifvwlK
cÖZ¨q¸‡jv n‡”Q cix¶v (Examination), Afx¶v (Test), cwigvc (Measurement)|

wk¶v_x©i g~j¨vqb wewfbœfv‡e Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:

 †gŠwLK
 wjwLZ
 ch©‡e¶Y
 nv‡Z Kj‡g
 kbv³ Ki‡Z w`‡q
 †kªwYKiY Ki‡Z w`‡q
 Awfbq Ki‡Z w`‡q
 A¼b Ki‡Z w`‡q
 cÖ‡R± Ki‡Z w`‡q|
wk¶vg~jK Afx¶v 2 cÖKvi h_v- (1) wjwLZ Afx¶v I (2) †gŠwLK Afx¶v| wjwLZ
Afx¶v Avevi `yB fv‡M wef³| iPbvg~jK cix¶v I ‰be©¨w³K Afx¶v| ‡gŠwLK Afx¶vI
`yB cÖKvi: KvVv‡gvMZ †gŠwLK Afx¶v I AeKvVv‡gvMZ †gŠwLK Afx¶v|

gb¯ÍvwË¡K Afx¶vi †kªwY wefvM: eyw×i Afx¶v (Intelligence test); we‡kl m¤¢vebvi
Afx¶v (Special Aptitude test); we‡kl gvbwmK `¶Zvi Afx¶v (Special Ability
test); e¨w³Z¡ cwigv‡ci Afx¶v (Personality test); wPšÍvkw³i Afx¶v (Test of

Reasoning)|

AvZ¥eY©bvg~jK †KŠkj (Self Reporting Techniques): Wv‡qwi †jLv; mv¶vrKvi;

cÖkœgvjv; ch©‡e¶b †KŠkj: A¨v‡bK‡WvUvj †iKW©; †PKwj÷; †iwUs †¯‹j; mgvRwgwZg~jK

91
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†KŠkj|

wewfbœ g~j¨vqb †KŠk‡ji †kªwY wefvM

wk¶vg~jK I gb¯ÍvwË¡K ch©‡e¶Y †KŠkj

Afx¶v
¯^g~j¨vqb †KŠkj/
AvZ¥eY©bvg~jK †KŠkj

g~j¨vqb

1| wkÿv_x©i K…wZZ¡ ev AR©b ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

2| wkÿv_x©i AMÖMwZ cixÿ‡Y †Kvb w`K¸‡jv we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡L?
3| wkÿv_x©i g~j¨vqb KZfv‡e Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?
4| Afxÿv Kv‡K e‡j? wkÿvg~jK Afxÿv KZ cÖKvi Kx Kx?
5| wewfbœ g~j¨vqb †KŠk‡ji †kªwY web¨vm Kiæb|

92
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 11

†Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x© Df‡qiB AvMÖn a‡i ivLv

f~wgKv:
mvaviYZ GKwU †kªwYK‡¶ †Q‡j I †g‡q `yB ai‡Yi wk¶v_x©B _v‡K| mKj wk¶v_x©B hv‡Z
mgvbfv‡e †kªwY‡Z g‡bv‡hvMx _v‡K †mw`‡K wk¶K‡K we‡kl bRi w`‡Z n‡e| †kªwY‡Z
†Q‡j I †g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn mgvb fv‡e a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ m‡PZbZv m„wói j‡¶¨
wk¶K‡K we‡klfv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq| Dfq ai‡bi wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivL‡Z bv cvi‡j
ïay wk¶vi cwi‡ek bó nq Zv bq, wk¶vi g~j j¶¨I AR©b m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB me ai‡bi
wk¶v_x©i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv Z_v †kªwY K‡¶i cv‡V m‡PZb I mwµq ivLv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
GKwU welq|

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
 †kªwY‡Z †g‡q wk¶v_©x†`i Kxfv‡e ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡Z nq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †kªwY‡Z †Q‡j-†g‡q ˆel‡g¨i KviY ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

ce©mg~n
ce©- K: †cÖlYv m„wó
 GKRb wk¶K †Q‡j I †g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB Zv‡`i cÖkœ
K‡i †cÖlYv m„wó Ki‡eb| †mRb¨ wZwb Ggb wKQy cwiwPZ kã ej‡eb hvi gva¨‡g
wk¶v_x©‡`i ga¨ †_‡KB †ewo‡q Avm‡e k㸇jv †Kvb †kªwYi mv‡_ KZUzKz mswkøó| Avmyb
Gevi wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Kwi| Zvi Av‡M wb‡Pi k㸇jv co–b Ges kãwU ‡Kvb fv‡M
co‡e Zv we‡ePbv K‡i wjLyb| k㸇jv n‡jv: `yb©xwZ, Wv³vi, M¤¢xi, MíKiv,
ivRbxwZwe`, M„n¯’vwji KvR, kw³, exi, fy³‡fvMx| Gi Øviv wewfbœ †ckv I Kg©Kv‡Ûi
mv‡_ †Kvb wj‡½i m¤ú„³Zv †ewk Zv wb‡q wk¶v_x©i gZvgZ †kªwY‡Z Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

Gevi wb‡Pi kãfvÛvi †_‡K kã wb‡q cÖ`Ë QKwU c~iY Kiæb|

93
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

gwnjv cyiæl Dfq

kã fvÛvi

Wv³vi, bvm©, `ybx©wZ, ivbœvKiv, ivRbxwZwe`, exiDËg,

M„n¯’vwji KvR, wk¶KZv, e¨emv-evwYR¨, Kwe, cywjk,
ˆmwbK BZ¨vw`|

ce©- L: wfRyqvjvB‡Rmb

wcÖq wk¶v_x© Avcbviv cÖvqB j¶¨ K‡i _v‡Kb †h, †g‡q wk¶v_x©iv †kªwYK‡¶ bvbvfv‡e
ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ †Kb? cÖkœwU wb‡q 5 wgwbU wPšÍv Kiæb| AZci Avcbvi
mvg‡b †h wPšÍv¸‡jv Av‡m Zv AbymiY K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU‡Z wjwce× Kiæb|

1|

2|

3|

wk¶v_x© Avmyb Gevi †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i Kxfv‡e ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡Z nq Zvi D`vniY I
KviY¸‡jv wbY©q K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU‡Z D‡jøL Kiæb:

94
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

ˆel‡g¨i D`vniY ˆel‡g¨i KviY

1| †g‡q wkï‡`i ¯‹z‡j cvVv‡Z Abxnv| 1| we‡qi c‡i Zviv k¦ïi evwo P‡j hv‡e|

2| ............................................. 2| .................................................

3| .............................................. 3| .................................................

4| ................................................ 4| .................................................

5| ........................................... 5| .................................................

95
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

ce©- M: gZvgZ MÖnY


wk¶K mK‡ji gZvgZ MÖnY Ki‡eb| mKj wk¶v_x©‡K GKm‡½ hvPvB‡qi myweav‡_© wZwb
†ev‡W© GKwU evK¨ wjL‡eb| †hgb,

Ôwk¶K KL‡bvB †kªwY‡Z GB ai‡bi ˆelg¨ m„wó Ki‡eb bvÕ| GB ai‡bi GKUv Dw³ †ev‡W©
wj‡L w`‡eb| evK¨Uvi wb‡P GKw`‡K ÔGKgZÕ Ab¨w`‡K ÔGKgZ bqÕ GB K_v `ywUI
wjL‡eb| wk¶v_x©‡`i wRÁvmv Ki‡eb hviv evK¨wUi mv‡_ GKgZ Zviv ÔGKgZÕ †jLvi
w`‡K `uvov‡eb Avi hviv GKgZ bq Zviv Ab¨w`‡K `uvov‡eb| `yB `‡ji hyw³ MÖnY
Ki‡eb|

Gici wk¶K m¤ú~Y© cvVwUi mvivsk †U‡b K¬vm †kl Ki‡eb|

wk¶K KL‡bvB †kªwY‡Z GB ai‡bi ˆelg¨ m„wó Ki‡eb bv| ˆelg¨ `~i Ki‡Z
wk¶K‡K me mgq m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|

wk¶v_x©e„›` Avmyb Gevi wb‡Pi QKwU‡K AbymiY K‡i †kªwY‡Z ˆelg¨ m„wói c‡¶ I
wec‡¶i hyw³¸‡jv GKwU mv`v KvM‡R wjLyb|

wk¶K KL‡bvB †kªwY‡Z ˆelg¨ m„wó Ki‡eb bv

GKgZ GKgZ bq

96
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 11

g~j wkLbxq welq

†Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x© Df‡qiB AvMÖn a‡i ivLv

 wk¶v_x©e„›` g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i wb‡Pi MíwU cvV Kiæb| cvV †k‡l †PvL eÜ K‡i M‡íi
wfZi †_‡K †RÛvi ˆelg¨RwbZ D`vniY¸‡jv g‡b Kivi †Póv Kiæb|

kx‡Zi mKvj iwngv AvR cuvP w`b ci ¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q| ¯‹z‡j hvevi Av‡M iwngv‡K evevi bv¯Ív
ˆZwi I †QvU fvB‡qi †`Lvïbv Ki‡Z nq| AvRI Zvi e¨wZµg nq wb| eis gv‡qi wKQy
KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q iwngvi ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z wKQzUv †`wi n‡q †M‡Q| †m `ªæZ †nu‡U we`¨vj‡q
†cuŠQvj|

mßg †kªwY K‡¶i `iRvq hLb iwngv †cuŠQvj ZLb †kªwY wk¶K bvg WvK‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Qb|
lvU Rb wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ `k Rb †g‡q| wKš‘ AvR‡K gvÎ Qq Rb Dcw¯’Z| cÖ_g mvwi‡Z
cuvPwU †g‡q Av‡M †_‡KB e‡m wQj| †cQ‡bi mvwi‡Z †Q‡jiv e‡m _vKvq iwngv‡K Kó K‡i
cÖ_g mvwi‡ZB em‡Z n‡jv| †`wi‡Z K¬v‡m Avmvi Rb¨ wk¶K Zv‡K evwo‡Z †_‡KB
M„n¯’vwji KvR †kLvi K_v e‡j wZi¯‹vi Ki‡jb| iwngvi gv_v bZ K‡i _vK‡jv|

wk¶K K¬vm ïiæ Ki‡jb| K¬v‡m cÖwZw`‡bi g‡Zv †Q‡j‡`i w`‡K ZvwK‡q cvV`vb KiwQ‡jb
Ges cÖkœI †Q‡j wk¶v_x©‡`iB KiwQ‡jb| wZwb KL‡bv †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i w`‡K ZvwK‡q
cvV`vb KiwQ‡jb bv| wZwb hLb GKUv cÖkœ Ki‡jb ZLb GKwU †g‡q Zvi DËi †`evi
†Póv Ki‡jv| DËiUv fyj wQj mv‡_ mv‡_ wk¶Kmn †Q‡jiv mevB †n‡m DVj| wk¶K
†Q‡j‡`i‡K wKQzB ej‡jb bv eis wZwb wb‡RI nvm‡jb| wk¶K cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi bv
w`‡q cybivq cvV`vb ïiæ Ki‡jb|

wk¶K hLb †kªwYi KvR w`‡jb ZLb wZwb †Q‡j‡`i †e‡Âi cv‡k Ny‡i Ny‡i KvR †`L‡Z
ïiæ Ki‡jb| wKš‘ †g‡q‡`i Kv‡Q ‡M‡jb bv| †h cvV¨ cy¯ÍK †`‡L wk¶v_x©iv cÖ‡kœi DËi
wjLwQj Zv‡Z wewfbœ †ckvRxexi wPÎ wQj, †hgb-wePviK, Wv³vi, †`vKvb`vi|

97
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

cvV¨cy¯Í‡KI GB wZb †ckvi wP‡Î cyiæl‡`iB †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †kªwYi KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡ZB
K¬vm †k‡li NÈv †kvbv †Mj|

wk¶K ÔÔAv”Qv †Q‡jiv AvR GLv‡bB K¬vm †kl KiwQÕÕ e‡j we`vq wb‡jb|

†RÛvi ˆel‡g¨i m¤¢ve¨ KviY¸‡jv n‡jv-

 evOvwj ms¯‹„wZ‡Z gwnjvivB N‡ii KvR K‡ib| KviY N‡ii KvR cyiæ‡li Rb¨ bq|
†g‡q‡`i Rb¨|
 †g‡q wkï‡`i ¯‹z‡j cvVv‡Z Abxnv| KviY Zviv we‡qi c‡i Ab¨ evwo‡Z P‡j hv‡e|
 †g‡q‡`i wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡Qb bv| KviY cyiælivB msmvi cwiPvjbv
K‡i †g‡qiv bq|
 Kzms¯‹vi I Ace¨vL¨v- †g‡q‡`i evB‡i cvVv‡bv wbivc` bq|
 mvgvwRK wbivcËvnxbZv- †g‡q‡`i evB‡i cvVv‡bv wbivc` bq|

g~j¨vqb

1| †kªwY‡Z †g‡q wkÿv_x©‡`i Kxfv‡e ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡Z nq e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

2| †kªwY‡Z †Q‡j †g‡q Dfq wkÿv_x©i AvMÖn Kxfv‡e a‡i ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i?
3| †g‡q wkÿv_x©‡`i ˆel‡g¨i KviY¸‡jv wjwce× Kiæb|

98
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 12

†Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡K wkL‡b mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨

wewfbœ †KŠk‡ji cwiKíbv Kiv

f~wgKv:

†Q‡j †g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©‡K wkL‡b mnvqZv Kivi wewfbœ †KŠkj AvqI KivB G
Awa‡ek‡bi j¶¨| †mRb¨ †kªwY‡Z †g‡q I ‡Q‡j Dfq wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| G wel‡q wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †mRb¨ †kªwY‡Z wk¶‡Ki
KiYxq w`K¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb|

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
 †Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x© Df‡qi AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv KZUzKz Zv ej‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 Df‡qi AvMÖn a‡i ivL‡Z wk¶‡Ki KiYxq Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †kªwY ˆelg¨ `~i Kivi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

ce©mg~n
ce©- K: †kªwY‡Z †g‡q-†Q‡j Dfq wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

wk¶K †kªwYK‡¶i †ev‡W© wjL‡eb Ò†kªwY‡Z †g‡q I †Q‡j Dfq wk¶v_x©‡`i AvMÖn a‡i
ivLv we‡kl cÖ‡qvRbÓ|

†ev‡W© †jLv welqwUi Dci cy‡iv †kªwYi gZvgZ wb‡eb| †ev‡W© ÔGKgZÕ Ges ÔGKgZ bqÕ
kã `ywU wj‡L wk¶v_x©‡`i gZvg‡Zi djvdj hvPvB Ki‡eb| K‡qKRb‡K Zv‡`i
gZvg‡Zi c‡¶ Kx hyw³ Zv wRÁvmv Ki‡eb|

†Q‡j ev †g‡q wk¶v_x© cv‡V AvMÖnx bv n‡j Kx n‡Z cv‡i? cvkvcvwk emv `yBRb wk¶v_x©‡K
†Rvovq †Rvovq welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ej‡eb| wk¶v_x©e„›` AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wPwýZ K‡i LvZvq wjL‡eb| wk¶K wewfbœ wk¶v_x©i DËi MÖnY Ki‡eb|

99
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

wcÖq wk¶v_x©, †Q‡j-†g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx Kx wb‡Ri g‡Zv
K‡i wjLyb|

1| mywk¶vi cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

2|

3|

4|

ce©- L: Df‡qi AvMªnÖ a‡i ivL‡Z wk¶‡Ki KiYxq w`K


†kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_x©‡`i AvMÖn a‡i ivL‡Z wk¶‡Ki KiYxq w`K¸‡jv wb‡q †eªBb÷wg©s
Kiv‡eb| wk¶K wj½ ˆelg¨ †bB Ggb †kªwY Mo‡Z wk¶‡Ki KiYxq w`K¸‡jv wb‡q msw¶ß
cvV †`‡eb| G‡¶‡Î Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi mv‡_ wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jvi f~wgKvi Dci †Rvo
†`‡eb| †hgb: AvB K›Uv±, †kªwY‡Z cÖkœ Kivi †KŠkj, KUyK_v ejv ‡_‡K weiZ _vKv,
`jxq Kv‡R mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv, ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb Qwe ev DcKiY cÖ`k©b
†_‡K weiZ _vKv, cvV`v‡b ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb kã cwinvi Kiv, Dfq‡K †kªwY‡Z
AskMÖn‡Yi mgvb my‡hvM †`qv, Dfq‡K mgfv‡e cÖkswmZ Kiv BZ¨vw`|

m¤¢ve¨ DËi:
AvB K›Uv±, †kªwY‡Z cÖkœ Kivi †KŠkj, KUyK_v ejv ‡_‡K weiZ _vKv, `jxq Kv‡R
mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv, ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb Qwe ev DcKiY cÖ`k©b †_‡K
weiZ _vKv, cvV`v‡b ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb kã cwinvi Kiv, †g‡q I †Q‡j wk¶v_x©
Dfq‡K †kªwY‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi mgvb my‡hvM †`qv, Dfq‡K mgfv‡e cÖkswmZ Kiv BZ¨vw`i
gva¨‡g †kªwY‡Z ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e|

100
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

ce©- M: Awfbq

†kªwY ˆelg¨ Kxfv‡e `~i Kiv hvq Zvi wKQy †KŠkj Av‡Q| Awfbq Zb¥‡a¨ GKwU Ab¨Zg
†KŠkj| †kªwY wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`i `yBwU eo `‡j fvM Ki‡eb| wk¶v_x©MY wb‡R‡`i ga¨
‡_‡K GKRb‡K wk¶K-Gi f~wgKvq Awfb‡qi Rb¨ †e‡Q †b‡eb, Ab¨iv wk¶v_x©‡`i
f~wgKvq Awfbq Ki‡eb|

wk¶v_x©‡`i GKwU `j‡K ˆelg¨ ‰Zwi K‡i Ggb †kªwYi wk¶K I wk¶v_x©‡`i f~wgKvq
Awfbq Ki‡Z ej‡eb| Ab¨ `j‡K ‰elg¨ †bB Ggb †kªwYi wk¶K I wk¶v_x©‡`i f~wgKvq
Awfbq Ki‡Z ej‡eb| cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ wKQy mgq wba©viY K‡i †`‡eb| `ywU `j‡KB
cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| G ai‡bi Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K `jxq Kv‡R
mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ nq Ab¨w`‡K GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Dfq †kªwY‡K mgvbfv‡e cÖmswkZ
Kivi d‡j †kªwY ˆelg¨ `yixf~Z nq|

wcÖq wk¶v_x© Awfbq QvovI Avi Kx Kx †KŠkj Av‡Q hv cÖ‡qvM K‡i †kªwY ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡Ri gZ K‡i wb‡Pi e·wU‡Z wjLyb|

1| weZ©K cÖwZ‡hvwMZv

2| iPbv wjLb cÖwZ‡hvwMZv

3|

4|

5|

101
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 12

g~j wkLbxq welq

†Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡K wkL‡b mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨
wewfbœ †KŠk‡ji cwiKíbv Kiv

†kªwY‡Z ‡Q‡j I †g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©‡KB mgfv‡e wkL‡b mnvqZv Kiv mKj cÖwk¶K I
 wk¶‡Ki KZ©e¨| GRb¨ wk¶K‡K †RÛvi ˆel‡g¨i D‡©× †_‡K †kªwYKvh©µg Pvjv‡Z n‡e|
†kªwY‡Z †g‡q I †Q‡j Dfq‡K mgfv‡e AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j †kªwYK‡¶
mywk¶vi cwi‡ek ˆZwi n‡e| cov‡jLvi †¶‡Î weivRgvb ˆelg¨ K‡g Avm‡e| mK‡ji Rb¨
¸YMZ wk¶v wbwðZ n‡e| mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡Ui BwZevPK cwieZ©b Avm‡e| Df‡qi g‡a¨
mgvb AwaKvi wbwðZ n‡e| Df‡qi gvb-gh©v`v I wbivcËvi Dbœqb NU‡e|

GRb¨ wk¶‡Ki AvB K›Uv± mK‡ji cÖwZ mgvb n‡Z n‡e| ïay ‡Q‡j ev †g‡qi w`‡K
ZvwK‡q cvV bv w`‡q cy‡iv †kªwYi w`‡K ZvwK‡q K_v ej‡Z n‡e| †kªwY‡Z cÖkœ Kivi mgq
mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| DËiI Dfq †kªwY †_‡K wb‡Z n‡e| †g‡q‡`i ev
‡Q‡j‡`i D‡Ïk¨ K‡i KUyK_v ejv, nvwm-VvÆv Kiv BZ¨vw` cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

`jxq Kv‡R mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv, ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb Qwe ev DcKiY cÖ`k©b
†_‡K weiZ _vKv, cvV`v‡b ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb kã cwinvi Kiv, Dfq‡K †kªwY‡Z
AskMÖn‡Yi mgvb my‡hvM †`qv, Dfq‡K mgfv‡e cÖkswmZ Kiv BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g †kªwY‡Z
ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e| GQvov Mvb, weZ©K, iPbv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, KweZv wjLb, nv‡Zi KvR
BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g Dfq wk¶v_x©‡K mgvR my‡hvM w`‡q Kv‡Ri cÖksmv K‡i †hgb, wkL‡bi
AvMÖn a‡i ivLv hvq, Ab¨w`‡K †kªwY ˆelg¨I `~i Kiv m¤¢e nq| gv‡S g‡a¨ Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb
¯^iƒc cyi¯‹…Z Kiv n‡j †mUvI LyeB Kvh©Kix f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z wkLb cÖwµqv
Av‡iv AwaK MwZkxj I Avb›``vqK nq|

102
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW

†Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv|

 wk¶K †kªwYK‡¶ †g‡q I †Q‡j Dfq‡K m‡PZb K‡i g‡bv‡hvMx ivL‡Z cvi‡eb|

 mywk¶vi cwi‡ek ˆZwi n‡e|

 mK‡ji Rb¨ ¸YMZ wk¶v wbwðZ n‡e|

 cov‡jLvi †¶‡Î weivRgvb ˆelg¨ K‡g Avm‡e|

 mvgvwRK †cª¶vc‡Ui BwZevPK cwieZ©b Avm‡e|

 †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj wkLb c×wZi cÖ‡qvM m¤¢e n‡e|

 Df‡qi g‡a¨ mgvb AwaKvi wbwðZ n‡e|

 Df‡qi gvb gh©v`v I wbivcËvi Dbœqb NU‡e|

wk¶‡Ki KiYxq w`K

 wk¶K mKj wk¶v_x©i cÖwZ mgvb `„wó ivL‡eb|

 ïaygvÎ †Q‡j wk¶v_x© wKsev †g‡q wk¶v_x© hv‡Z cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †m w`‡K
j¶¨ Ki‡eb|

 we‡kl †Kv‡bv `j †hb cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|

 Df‡qi Rb¨ mgvbfv‡e emvi RvqMv eivÏ Ki‡eb|

 Df‡qi KvR mgvbfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb|

 `j‡bZv wbe©vP‡b Dfq‡K mgvb my‡hvM †`‡eb|

 Df‡qi mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡eb|

 wj½ ˆelg¨ ewR©Z D`vniY w`‡eb|

 wj½ ˆelg¨ ewR©Z fvlv e¨envi Ki‡eb|

103
 mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2

 mKj‡K mgvbfv‡e nvZ DVv‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡eb|

 Df‡qi gZvgZ‡K mgvb ¯^xK…wZ I ¸iyZ¡ w`‡eb|

 mgvbfv‡e mevi cÖwZ `„wó w`‡eb|

 Df‡qi bvg a‡i WvK‡eb|

 †kªwYK‡¶i evB‡iI Df‡qi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM eRvq ivL‡eb|

g~j¨vqb

1| †kªwY‡Z †Q‡j-†g‡q Dfq wkÿv_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2| Dfq wkÿv_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi †ÿ‡Î GKRb wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq Kx Kx?
3| Kx Kx †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i †kªwY ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv hvq|

104