DRUG ENFORCEMENT

AND
VICE CONTROL
 The History of
Drugs From
Past to Present
 Drug Abuse– it refers to the use of
chemical substance which result in an
individual’s mental, physical, emotional,
moral and social impairment.
 Islamic Law (Sharia)- it is the earliest
recorded law in the old world which
pertains to the prohibition of the use of
alcohol, which is usually attributed to
passages in the Quoran purportedly dating
from the 17th century.
 1484 Fiat Pope Innocent VIII- Drug
Abuse– banned the use of cannabis in
Arabs. Religious intolerance was also the
driving force for drug prohibition in
Christian Europe. At the time of the
crusades, the Arabs were using marijuana.
 In Northern Europe, the protestants
have passed drug laws motivated by
religious prejudice. The 1516
Reinheitsgebot, which stipulates that beer
may only contain water, barley and
hops was a manifestation of
Protestant intolerance about drugs and
the catholic church. Not like the
commonly stimulating herbal blends
widely used at that time, hops cause
sedation and reduce libido. The exclusive
use of hops had been obligatory in France
since 1268.
After the Spanish American War, the
United States inherited Spain’s Opium
monopoly in the Philippines. Growing
domestic concerns and international
pressure
States led the
to United
participate in the First
International Drug Conference held in
Shanghai, China in 1908 and the Hague
Convention in 1912, measures were
adopted
In 1875- San Francisco California, enacted
an ordinance which banned the smoking of
opium in opium dens.
 Cocaine was prohibited in the first part
of the 20th century. This was followed by
the Harrison Act, passed in 1914, which
required sellers of opiates and cocaine to
procure license. Originally intended to
require paper trails of drug transactions
between doctors, drug stores and patients,
it soon became prohibitive law.
 The prohibition of alcohol commenced
in Finland in 1919 and the United
States 1920. In Sweden a referendum
in 1922 decided against an alcohol
prohibition law, but starting in 1914 and
until 1955 Sweden employed an alcohol
rationing system with personal ration
record book which is known as “MOTBOK”.
 Inthe Philippines, the signing of the
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 by President
Ferdinand E Marcos marked the
government assurance to strict policy
against drug abuse. The act was
subsequently amended through
Presidential Degree No. 44. Dangerous
Drug Board was created to implement the
provisions of the Dangerous Drug Act as
the national policy making body and deal
with other related matters on drug abuse
prevention and control.
 In 1974, the Inter Agency Committee
on Drug Prevention Education was created
and played vital role in the integration of
drug abuse prevention concepts in social
actions programs.
 In 1979, the first International non-
governmental organization conference was
held in Jakarta, Indonesia, followed by the
second which was held from November 3 to
8, 1980 at Manila. After the
second conference, the Philippine
council of Non- Governmental
Organization was organized. In 1988 the
United Nations Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances was held further
bolstering anti drug laws.
 The Nature of
Drugs, Its Uses,
Application and
Effects
 OPIUM – obtained from a female
plantpoppy
known as “Papaver Somniferum”
which was known to be cultivated in lower
Mesopotamia long ago as 3400 BC. In De
Medicina (30 AD), Aulus Cornelius Celsus
specified various uses for “Poppy Tears” as
an emollient for painful joints and anal
crevices, in anodynes pills promoting relief
of pain through sleep.
 OPIUM The smoking
PREPARATION:
of opium does not involve the burning of
the material as might be imagined. The
prepared opium is indirectly heated to
temperature at which active alkaloids,
mainly Morphine, are vaporized.
 OPIUM CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND includes
EFFECTS:
two groups of alkaloids: Phenanthrenes
Opium
(including Morphine and Codeine) and
Benzylisoquinolines (including Papaverine).
 OPIUM MEDICAL Opium has
beenUSES:
a major commodity of trade centuries,
due to the fact that it has long been use as
a painkiller and sedative.
 MARIJUANA: A mind altering
substance produced from cannavis sativa, it
is used because its primary active chemical
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces
relaxation and heightens the senses.
 CANNABIS is prepared for human
consumption in different forms:
Marijuana or Ganja- the leaves and flowering
tops of female plants.
Hashish or Charas- a concentrated resin
composed of glandular trichomes and vegetative
debris that has been physically extracted usually
by rubbing, sifting or with ice.
Kif or Kief – the chopped flowering tops of
female cannabis plants, often mixed with tobacco,
Moroccan hashish produced in the Rif mountains.
Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of only the
glandular heads often incorrectly referred to as
“Crystals or Pollen”
 CANNABIS is prepared for human
consumption in different forms:
Bhang- a beverage prepared by
grinding cannabis leaves in milk and boiling
with spices and other ingredients.
Hash Oil- an oily mixture resulting
from chemical extraction or distillation
of the THC- rich part of the plant.
Budder- hash oil whipped to
incorporate air, making it more like butter.
 There are wide array of methods and
apparatus in smoking cannabis:
The Joint, The Blunt, The Hookah, The
Bong, the Waterfall, The Pipe, the Shotgun,
The Chillum and The One-Hitter or Bat. The
Classic BONG is a tube with a small bowl at
the end of a thinner tube inserted through
the side near the base. The One Hitter- is a
contrivance that allows the small amount of
cannabis to be burned and inhaled in a
single breath.
 COCAINE:
It is a stimulant of the
central nervous system and an appetite
suppressant, giving rise to what has been
described as a euphoric sense of happiness
and increased energy. It is a quick acting
drug whose affects are rapid from the time
of intake. It is legally used in medicine as a
topical anesthetic, specifically in the eye,
nose and throat surgery. It is a crystalline
tropane alkaloid that is derived from the
leaves of the coca plant known as
“Erythroxylon”
 COCAINE: The first medical used of
cocaine was discovered by ALEXANDER
BENNET in 1873 as an anesthetic. In 1879,
cocaine was used to treat morphine
addiction. In 1884, cocaine was introduced
into clinical use as anesthetic in Germany.
In 1970, cocaine gained popularity as a
recreational drug, the Medellin and Cali
Cartel were founded in Colombia to meet
the new demand for cocaine. The Cali Cartel
became the number one cocaine trafficker
after the death of PABLO ESCOBAR, the
founder of the Medellin Cartel who was
killed by the police in late 1993.
 MORPHINE: It is a strong opiate
analgesic drug and is the principal
active agent in opium. It acts directly
on the central nervous system relieving
pain. It is claim to be the six (6) times
more potent than opium. It is
administered into the body by means of
injection. It is use legally as an analgesic
in hospital setting for pain after surgery
and pain associated with trauma.
 HEROIN: It is Also known as
Diacetylmorphine, is a semi synthetic
opioid. It mimics endorphins and creates a
sense of well being upon entering the
bloodstream usually through intravenous
injection. It is widely used as a illegal drugs
for its intense euphoria, which often
disappears with increase tolerance.
 CODEINE: Methylmorphine is an
opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive
and antidiarrheal properties. It is marketed
as the salt codeine sulfate and codeine
phosphate. It is also often used as
recreational drugs. This is primarily
because of its easy availability over the
counter or on prescription in
combination products.
 SHABU: Methamphetamine was
discovered in Japan in 1919. This crystalline
powder is solute in water making it an ideal
drug for injection. During world War II, the
drugs was used as stimulants for
combat soldiers. After the war it was
regarded as a cure all for treatment in
mild depression and a good weight
control substance. In the mid 80’s it
was introduced in the Philippines and
has gained popularity not only in an
urban areas but as well rural
communities. It is also regarded as poor
man’s cocaine.
 ECSTACY: In 1912 MDMA or
Methylenedioxymetamphetamine was
developed in Germany as an appetite
depressant by the pharmaceutical company
Merck. During the late 1970 psychiatrists
and psychologist used the drugs as
treatment for emotional and psychological
disorders. Among the youth users referred
it as the “sex drugs”. In its purest forms it
is crystalline substance white powder with
mastic odor.
 The Classification of
Commonly Used
Drugs
 THE MAJOR CLASSIFICATION
PSYCHOACTIVE
OF These are often
DRUGS:
described as a psychotropic (mind
affecting) or mind altering drugs. It is a
chemical substance that changes ones
thinking, feelings, perceptions and
behaviors.
Depressants- they are drugs that
affects the central nervous system causing
it to relax.
The Common Types of Depressants
are:
Narcotics- refers to any drugs which
produces insensibility, stupor, melancholy or
dullness of mind with delusion and which may be
habit forming.
Barbiturates- drugs that affect the central
nervous system causing sedation.
Tranquilizers- are drugs which relieves
uncomfortable emotional feelings by reducing
anxiety and promoting relaxation.
Alcohol- fermented or distilled liquids or
drug containing ethanol and intoxicating
substances.
The Common Types of Depressants
are: Solvents and Inhalants- volatile liquids that
give off a vapor, which is inhaled producing short
term excitement and euphoric followed by a
period of disorientation. Its effect includes
nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue,
lack of coordination and loss of appetite.
 THE MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS:
Stimulants- chemical substances that
generally speed up central nervous system
function, resulting in alertness and
excitability.
The Common Types of
Stimulants:
Cocaine- a natural stimulants derived
from the plant erythroxylon coca.
Methamphetamine/Amphetamine- man
made stimulants drugs.
Caffeine- a stimulant found in coffee.
Nicotine- anaddictive substance usually
obtained from cigarette smoking.
 THE MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS:
Hallucinogen/Psychedelics- sometimes
known as “all rounder's” and “mind
expanders” these drugs affects the person
perceptions, awareness, emotions and can
also cause hallucinations as well as
illusions.
The Common Types of
Hallucinogens: Marijuana
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Ecstacy
PCP, Psilocybin mushroom
and peyote
 The General
signs and
Symptoms
of
Drug Abuse
The General Signs and Symptoms of Drug
Abuse:
Unexpected changes of behavior.
Significant deterioration of grooming.
Continually wear long sleeve clothing to hide
injection marks.
Wearing of sunglasses in appropriate
time.
Weight loss not attributed to proper physical
exercises.
Association with persons who are known
drug abusers
Unusual spending of money
The Law
Enforcement
Activities
 Acknowledging the need to further
strengthen existing laws governing
Philippine Drug Law Enforcement System,
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed
Republic Act 9165- commonly known as
The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002. It took effect on July 4, 2002.
The Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)
continues as policy making body and it
formed the Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA) as the led agency in the
enforcement of the law under the office of
the President.
 The new law abolished the National
Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention
Center, the PNP Narcotics Group, the
Coordinating
Narcotics
NBI Unit and the Customs Narcotics
Interdiction Office.
Establishing the proper intelligence network
has been inherent task given by the law to PDEA
in coordination with the following support units:
The PNP AIDSOTF, the NBI AIDTF, the Customs
Task Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled
Chemicals along with other government and non-
government entities dedicated to curb the drug
problem.
 The National
Strategies
Against
Dangerous Drugs
The National Strategies Against Dangerous
Drugs:
Supply Reduction Strategy- which refers to
the concept of keeping the DRUGS away from the
potential drug USERS.
Intended Programs:
Law Enforcement
Amendments of the
Law
The National Strategies Against Dangerous
Drugs:
Demand Reduction Strategy- which refers to
the concept of keeping the potential USERS away
from DRUGS.
Intended Programs:
Preventive
Education Sports
Development
Moral and Spiritual Values
Recovery Treatment and
The National Strategies Against Dangerous
Drugs: Local
International and
Cooperation/Coordination- which refers to an
effective and efficient cooperation and
coordination of all local and international
agencies of the government.
Intended Programs:
Joint Training and Exercises
Intelligence Networking
Interdiction Operation
 The Salient
Provisions of
Republic Act 9165-
Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002
The Salient Provisions of RA
9165:
Section 4- Importation of Dangerous Drugs,
Controlled Precursor and Essential Chemicals.
Section 5- Sale, Trading, Administration,
Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and
Transportation of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled
Precursor and Essential Chemicals.
Section 6- Maintenanceof a Den, Dive or
Resorts.
Section 7- Employees and Visitors of a Den,
Dive or Resort
The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:
Section 8- Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs,
Controlled Precursors and Essential chemicals
Section 9- Illegal Chemical Diversion of
controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
Section Manufacture or Delivery of
10-
Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and or
Controlled Precursors and Essential chemicals.
Section 11- Possession of Dangerous Drugs,
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
Section 12- Possession of Equipment,
Instrument, Apparatus and Paraphernalia.
The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:
Section 13- Possession of Dangerous Drugs
During Parties and Social Gatherings.
Section 14- Possession of Equipment,
Instrument, apparatus, and other Paraphernalia
for Dangerous Drugs During parties and social
Gatherings.
Section 15- Use of Dangerous Drugs.
Section 16- Cultivation or Culture of Plants
Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are Source
thereof.
Section 17- Maintenance and Keeping of
Original Records of Transaction on DD/CPECS.
The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:
Section 18- Unnecessary Prescription of
Dangerous Drugs.
Section 19- Unlawful Prescription of
Dangerous Drugs.
Section 20- Confiscation and Forfeiture of
the Proceeds or Instruments of the Unlawful Act,
including the Properties or Proceeds Derived from
the Illegal Trafficking of DD/CPECS.
Section 21- Custody and
DispositionSeized
Confiscated, of and or Surrendered
Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous
Drugs and CPECs.
The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:
Section 22- Grant of Compensation, Reward
and Award.
Section 26- Attempt or Conspiracy.
Section Criminal Liability of a Public
27- or Employee for Misappropriation,
Officer
Misapplication or Failure to Account for the
confiscated, Seized and or surrendered DD and
CPECS or Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs,
Paraphernalia, laboratory Equipment Including
the Proceeds or properties Obtained from the
Unlawful Act Committed.
Section 28- Criminal Liability of government
Official
The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:
Section 29- Criminal Liability for Planting of
Evidence.
Section Authorized Drug Testing.
36-
Section Laboratory Examination
38-Apprehended/Arrested
Test on
or
Offenders.
Section 54- Voluntary submission of a
Drug Dependent to Confinement and
Rehabilitation.
Section Exemption from Criminal
55-Under the Voluntary submission.
Liability
Section 77- Creation of the Dangerous Drug
Board.
The Salient Provisions of RA
9165:
Section 82- Creation of Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
Section 85- The PDEA Academy.
Section 91- Responsibility and Liability of
Law enforcement Agencies and other government
Officials in Testifying in Court as Prosecution
witness in Dangerous Drug Cases.
Section Delay and Bungling in the
92-
Prosecution of Drug Cases.
Anti-Drugs/Narcotics
Operational and
Investigative
Procedures

55
Legitimate Anti-Drugs/Narcotics
Operations
1. With Warrant of Arrest
2. Search and Seizures
Operations
3. Buy-Bust Operations
4. Eradication
5. Airport and Seaport
Interdiction
6. Controlled Delivery
7. Raid on Clandestine
Laboratory
56
Case
Preparations
57
1. Buy-Bust
Operations
Preparation Prior the Operations:

a. Pre-Operation & Coordination Report

b. Request for subscription of marked money
c.Record the Serial Number of Marked Money in the
Pre-Operation Report
d.Request for Ultra violet powder dusting of the
marked money
e. If feasible, conduct Casing and Surveillance
f.Conduct briefing as to the designation of each
team members and the methods of operation to
be conducted
58
1. Buy-Bust
Operations
Case Filing:

a. Pre-Operation & Coordination Report

b. Affidavit of the Poseur Buyer
c. Affidavit of the Arresting Officer
d. Certificate of Inventory
e. Request/Results of laboratory examination
of evidence
f. Request/Result of Ultra Violet Powder
dusting
g. Request/Results of Medical Examination
of suspects 59
1. Buy-Bust
Operations
Case Filing:

h. Request/Results of Drug Test

i. Original/Xerox Copy of the Marked
Money
j. Referral to City/Provincial Prosecutor
k. Complain (MTC, MCTC or MTCC)
60
2. Search & Seizure Warrant
Operations
Preparation Prior the Operations:

a. Pre-Operation & Coordination Report

b. Test Buy
c. Request/Result of Laboratory
Examination
d. Application for Search Warrant
e. Affidavit of applicant
f. Personal Examination of Applicant
g. Deposition of Witnesses
h. Personal Examination of witnesses
i. Prepared Search Warrant
61
2. Search & Seizure Warrant
Operations
Case Filing:

a. Pre-Operation & Coordination Report

b. Affidavit of the Poseur Buyer (for Sec 5)
c. Affidavit of the Arresting Officer
d. Certificate of Inventory
e.Request/Results of laboratory examination of
evidence
f. Request/Result of Ultra Violet Powder
dusting
g.Request/Results of Medical Examination of
suspects 62
2. Search & Seizure Warrant
Operations
Case
Filing:
h. Request/Results of Drug Test
i. Receipt of Property Seized
j. Original/Xerox Copy of the Marked
Money
k. Certificate of Good conduct of Search
l. Compliance Return of Search Warrant
m. Motion to take custody of evidence
n. Copy of the Search Warrant
Complain
o.Referral (MTC, MCTC Prosecutor
to City/Provincial or p. 63
2. Search & Seizure Warrant
Operations

Return of Search Warrant to

the Originating Court:
a. Compliance Return of Search
Warrant
b. Motion to take custody or withdraw
of evidence
c. Court Order
d. Inventory of Drug
Seized/Confiscated
e. Receipt of property seized 64
2. Search & Seizure Warrant
Operations
Composition of the Raiding
Team

a. Team Leader
b. Assistant Team Leader
c. Entering Party
d. Searching Party
e. Photographer
f. Evidence Custodian
g. Prisoner Party
h. Vehicle Party 65
Elements of the
Affidavit
1.Made mentioned that you are detailed and
deputized by the PDEA
2. That there was casing and surveillance
conducted and it was verified that the
information received was true
3.That the deal or transaction were
consummated
4.That you actually saw the drugs by your self
during the transaction in the possession of the suspect
that prompted to arrest him
5.That you Informed the suspect of his rights
immediately
6. That you mark evidence at the crime 66
PILLARS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Communities Crime

Law Enforcement

Community
Prosecution

Correction Court 67
 I Hear and I Forget, I See and I
Remember, I Do and I
Understand!