INTERWORLD COLLEGES FOUNDATION, INC.

Burgos St., Paniqui, Tarlac

College Department UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

First Semester. / S.Y. 2023 - 2024

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Charles Spearman

Believed that intelligence consists of a general mental ability or intelligence quotient (IQ) and domain-specific abilities.

Howard Gardner
The proponents of Gardner’s theory of eight intelligences who asserts that each person possesses a certain specific intelligence where he/she is most probably good or
skilled at.

GARDNER'S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE

VERBAL LINGUISTIC
• It is characterized by the ability to think in words and use language to express meaning.
• People with this kind of intelligence have occupations as authors, journalists, speaker.

LOGICAL-MATHEMATICAL
• It is the ability to carry out mathematical operations.
• The ability to handle long chains of reasoning.
• The sensitivity and capacity to discern logical and numerical patterns.

SPATIAL-VISUAL
• It implies the ability to think in images, pictures, or three- dimensional figures
• The capacity to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and perform transformations on one’s initial perceptions.

BODILY-KINESTHETIC
• It is the ability to be physically adept at manipulating objects, controlling ones bodily movements, and handling objects skillfully

MUSICAL-RHYTHMIC
• It refers to the sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone.
• The ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre.
• The appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness.

INTRAPERSONAL
• It is characterized by the ability to understand oneself; the knowledge of one’s own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and intelligences.
• The understanding of one’s own feelings and the ability to discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide behavior.

CONTRIBUTORS TO INTELLIGENCE

HEREDITY
 refers to the genes one inherits from his/her parents, which provide the upper and lower limits of his/her intelligence quotient.
 This is the raw biological materials of intelligence.
ENVIRONMENT
 involves the experiences and the psychological and physical exposure of the individuals to the various influences around him/her.
MOTIVATION
 is the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
•According to this theory, the motivation for sex, achievement, aggression, and other behaviors is rooted in the organisms’ evolutionary past.
DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY
•This theory explains that organisms are driven by physiological needs.
•A need energizes one’s drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.
OPTIMUM AROUSAL THEORY
•The Yerkes-Dodson Law
•Low arousal
•Moderate arousal
•High arousal
COGNITIVE APPROACH
•The contemporary view of motivation emphasizes that cognitive factors determine motivation level.
•The two aspects of cognitive approach to motivation are intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Is measured by Emotional Quotient.
Refers to the abilities to perceive, appraise, understand, and express emotions accurately and appropriately.
Has an intellectual component, especially in using emotions to facilitate thinking or logical reasoning.
REASONING
Is a mental process that involves using and applying knowledge to solve problems, make plans or decisions, and achieve one’s goals.
DEDUCTIVE
• reasoning begins with making a general assumption that is known or believed to be true, and then drawing specific conclusions based on this assumption.
• It is the reasoning that helps one make a particular conclusion from a general assumption.

INDUCTIVE
• is the process in which a conclusion is determined based on a number of true facts or premises

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