- Where do you live? // Can you tell me where you live?

- What is your name? // Can you tell me what your name is?
- How old are you? // Can you tell me how old you are?
- What is your phone number? // Can you tell what your phone number is?
- How tall are you? // Can you tell me how old you are?

- We made an incredible discovery. (to make a discovery)

- To lead to (Smoking can lead to / result in lung disease) lead to = result in

- To cause (Smoking can cause lung disease)

- To sum up = To summarise = In conclusion = In summary

- To grow fruit

- To breed animals (Some people breed expensive dogs)

- Breeding race horses is an extremely lucrative business. (lucrative = makes lots of money)

- To grow fruit // to raise children // to breed animals

- To get to Brisbane by 8am, it will mean you must leave at 5:30am. // Top run a marathon in
under 3 hours means you will have to train 8 hours a day, every day for 1 year. // To be a fluent
Spanish speaker will mean you have to move to South America.

- To drive in Australia, you are required to have a full license.

- Like = such as = for example

- To get rid of = to eliminate = to remove

- Retreat , nervous, terrifying, guest house, fasting programme, contains, toxins, digest, massages,
awful, headache, apparently, reaction, daydreaming, kilos,

- A guest is someone that you welcome into your home/work

 - Looking forward to S’th = to be excited about S’th

- I am looking forward to my holiday next week. // I am looking forward to finding a new job. // I
am looking forward to travelling to Asia.

- What makes you nervous?

- Does being nervous mean you are terrified?

1. That eats 3 meals a day

2. Where everyone was staying
3.
4.
5.
6.

Relative Clauses

Who + that = people (The young lady that/who I sat next to on the bus is my neighbor)

that + which = objects / things (The pen that/which I am using was a gift) (You CANNOT USE THAT with
Commas)

which = object only (The bottle which I am drinking from is made from plastic)

whose = possession (whose + noun) (My boss whose sister is married to my friend, is really good at what
she does) Whose sister is married to my friend? My boss

1. Bob Marley, who was born in Jamaica, was a famous reggae singer.
2. Mark who was Australia’s first soccer captain was a famous soccer player.
3. Barrack Obama, who was born in Hawaii, was the first black American president.
4. Mary who was born into poverty is a CEO of a big company.
5. Usain Bolt holds many world records.
6. Thomas won a significant lotto prize.
a. Bob Marley = non defining
b. Mark = defining
c. Obama = non defining
d. Mary = defining

This phone, which I am holding, is very old.

The phone WHICH IS ON MY DESK IS VERY OLD.

We use commas when the information is NECESSARY

1. WHO + THAT = PEOPLE

2. WHICH + THAT = THINGS
3. WHERE = PLACES
4. WHOSE = POSSESSIVES
5. WHEN = TIME

The CEO whose company has won many awards is a millionaire.

The prisoner who escaped overnight has been caught by the police.

The high rise which s the tallest on the Gold Coast is called the Q1.

Messi, who has won every award possible, is the greatest of all time.

The Relative Clause Marker (who, which, that, whose, whom) ALWAYS refers to the noun before it.

The winner

WHOSE + NOUN

The student whose partner is in the Pre-Intermediate class always sits on that table.

Whose partner is in the Pre-Intermediate class?

Who (Subject missing) vs Whom (object missing)

- The girl WHOM I always speak to comes from Brazil. (I always speak to the girl – The girl comes
from Brazil.)
- The girl WHO always speaks to me comes from Brazil.
 - The manager WHOM I have a bad relationship with hates me.
- The manager WHO has a bad relationship with me hates me.
- The student WHO always asks questions gets the best test results.
- The student WHOM I always answer questions for gets the best test results.

The pen which I am holding was a gift.

From the relative clause, decide what is missing from each; the subject or the object?

Gina was the first person (WHOM) I asked (Gina).

Who did I ask? Gina

SVO

Subject + Verb + Object

Her like I. OVS

I like her.

When can we ‘Remove’ the Relative Clause Marker?

1. When the Object of the Relative Clause is missing = we CAN remove the Marker.
2. If the subject is missing, we CANNOT remove the marker.

b) The travel agency WHICH sold me the ticket was near my office. (SUBJECT MISSING)

d) The dentist WHO I go to isn’t very expensive. (OBJECT MISSING)

DETRIMENTAL