Name Family Describe/Morpho Test Other info

S. areus Staphylococcus  (+), grapelike  Coagulase (+);  Septic shock

 Produce acid from cluster, 37*  Mannitol- yelow (exofoliative)
glucose anaerobic &  Gray-golden halo (+) ; lookalike  Food poisoning
glycerol from yellow colony S. saprophyticus; (enterotoxin)
erythromycin  Thermo-Deoxy  Penicillin resist (b-
 Sensitive to (toluidine)- pink lactamase)
lysotaphin (+) halo; others same  Susceptible
but nonhuman polymyxin
 Tube coagulase
for methicillin
resist
S. epidermidis  Pale transparent  (-) coagulase,  Cardiac valves, CNS
white colony mannitol, shunts
 Skin & mucous trehalose
 -/+ hemolysis
S. saprophyticus  Lemon yellow  (-) coagulase,  UTI
hemolysis  Resemble S.
 (+) mannitol, epidermidis
Micrococcaceae

trehalose
Chapter 2

 Resist novobiocin,
nalidixic,
MacConkey
M. varians Micrococcus  Yellow  (+) Salt tolerant, 
 (+) benzidine, reduce nitrate,
catalase, modified glucose anaerobic
oxidase (dark blue-  (-) oxidase
M. luteus 2mins)  Yellow  (-) Salt tolerant, 
 Sensitive to reduce nitrate,
bacitracin (no glucose anaerobic
growth)  (+) oxidase
M. roseus  Pink  (-) Salt tolerant, 
glucose anaerobic
 (+) reduce nitrate
 (+/-) oxidase
S. mucilaginosus  Stomatococcus  Similar to staphy  (-) catalase, salt  Compromised, drug
but agar adhere tolerance (5%) users
due to capsule  Resist vancomycin  Endocarditis &
 Susceptible PCN, septicemia
but used for initial
theraphy
S. pneumoniae  Streptococci  (+) lanceolate  Sensitive to bile  2nd most common
 (-) catalase cocci, diplococcic  5-10% CO2, bacte meningitis
 (+) gram in liquid  A-hemolysis enriched  Most common
Streptococci and Related Genera

 Facult. Anaerobe  Round, glistening,  (+) bile soluble, community

 Lactic acid from entire, optochin, inulin acquired, lobar
CHO metabolim transparent, ferment, Quallung  Frielander’s
 Devastating & not mucoid (BAP) reaction (capsular  83 capsule type
Chapter 2

normal  Checker/ nail swelling)

head
S. pyogenes  Group A  B-hemolytic  Sensitive to  M protein- virulence
 Facultative  Pinpoint, bacitracin (only b- factor
anaerobe transparent, hemolysis)  SLO- BAP hemolysis;
 (-) catalase & convex, entire,  (+) PYR test (red) toxic
oxidase circular, shiny  SLS- BAP surface
(moisture beads) hemolysis; lytic
 Streptokinase,
 hyaluronidase
 Sore throat
 Childbed fever
S. agalactiae Group B  Large,  (+) Camp test, Salt  Hemolysin ~ SLS
 Normal in GUT translucent- tolerant (double zone, small)
 Specific morpho; opaque, mucoid  (-) BEM, optochin  Neonatal sepsis
killed by pasteur
S. equisimilis Group C   (-) trehalose,  Streptokinase
 Severe pharyngitis, sorbitol  RTI of human and
bacteremia, animals
S. equi metastatic   (-) Trehalose 
S. zooepidemicus  N-acetyl-D   (+) Sorbitol  Strepto GMN ; drink
galactosamine-  Sequelae not milk
antigen occur
S. dysgalactiae determinant  a/Y-hemolytic  (+) trehalose  Pharyngitis, sepsis,
 (-) sorbitol endocardititis
S.faecalis Group D  Grow at 45*C~  (+) salt tolerant,  Human isolates
S. faecium  -Enterococci 60* BEM 
S. durans  -Non-enterococci  Buttery odor  Resist PCN 
 Bacte endocarditis  B-hemolytic
S. bovis  (+) BEM only  Human isolates
 SBE infection seen  septicemia
S. equinus  A-hemolytic or 
none
Viridans  Normal  Greenish  Susceptible to  SBE; ICP
inhabitants; hemolysis zone bacitracin  (compared with
opportunistic  Mucoid (large M  (-) catalase, inulin, pneumonococcus)
 A-hemolytic protein) or BEM, salt
smooth (small M tolerance
protein)
N. gonorrhea  Neisseria  G(-) diplococcic,  (+) Glucose,  Pathogenic
 (+) oxidase coffee-bean, superoxal (gas  Homosexual men
 Anaerobe/ (AHU) Fastidious bubbles H2O2)  Autolyzed without
facultative piliated  (-) Sucrose, CO2
 Use kingella to  Not spore and not Maltose, Lactose
differentiate motile
 Vulvovaginitis in  T1(raised) & T2
children (umbonate)-
 Opthalmia in piliated
infants  T3 & T4 (not light
 Sexual contact; reflect)-
Family Neisseriaceae

purelent nonpiliated
Chapter 4

N. meningitides  A&C- capsule,  (+) Glucose,  Pathogenic

large, mucoid Maltose  Waterhouse-
 B- noncapsulated,  (-) Sucrose, Fredericksen
small, rough, Lactose syndrome
yellow  Same as N.
 Both are mening subflava
epidemic  Have capsule
 X, Z, 29E- sporadic
cases
N. sicca   (+) Glucose, 
N. mucosa Sucrose, Maltose
 (-) Lactose
N. lactamica   (+) Glucose, 
Maltose, Lactose
  (-) Sucrose
N. flavescens   
B. catarrhalis    
ETEC (toxic)  Escherichia  LT- heat-labile,  Ileap loop (+),  Traveler’s diarrhea,
 Faculta. Anaerobe; 65* Chinese hamster, small intestine;
fecal contaminant;  ST- heat-stable, reverse latex, copius, watery
motile, lactose 100*, not DNA hybridization
ferementer, antigenic  infant assay, DNA
aerogenic hybridization
EIEC (invasive)  O112  Sereny Test  Keratoconjunctivitis;
 To enterovytes;
large intestine,
uncommon
dysentery; common
fever, blood, pus;
scanty, purulent
EHEC (hemrhage)  Verotoxin- HUS  MacConkey  Vero Cells
 O157:H7  Serotyping  Large intestine
 Cytotoxin  Prominent blood
EPEC (patho)  O111 & O125   Adhere enterocyte,
s. intestine
 Childhood diarrhea
 Copius, watery,
MacConkey (+), Oxidase (-), Gram (-) Rods

common fever
EAEC ( aggre)   
K. pneumonia Klebsiella  Capsulated,  (+) urease, IMViC  Pneumono, UTI
nonmotile  Friedlander’s
 Large, pink.
mucoid
Chapter

E. cloacea Enterobacter   
5

E. aerogenes  Small capsule, less   (+) lysine, 

mucoid ornithine, urease
E. agglomerans  Motile, ferment   
E. sakazakii lactose, aerogenic  Yellow pigment   Neonatal sepsis,
meningitis
S. marcescens Serratia  Prodigiosin- red @  3 enzymes;  Nocosomial
 Motile, not/small 25*, nonwater DNase, infection
ferment lactose soluble, gelatinase, lipase
pseudohemolysis
H. alvei  Hafnia   (+) lysine, 
ornithine @ 25*C
 (-) indole, citrate,
urease
E. tarda Edwardsiella  Normal flora of  (+) H2S, indole  Rsmble salmonellae
 Motile reptiles
 Not ferment
lactose
C. freundii Citrobacter  Greenish metallic  (+) H2S 
 Lactose ferment sheen in EMB
P. vulgaris Proteus  Phenylethyl  (+) indole  Rickettsial disease
 Not ferment Alcohol Agar (Weil-Felix), UTI
lactose
P. mirabilis  Motile, rapid  (+) o  UTI
 Many H2S & decarboxylase
P. penneri urease   UTI
 Deanimate lysine &
 phenylalanine
P. rettgeri  Providencia   (+) citrate  UTI
 Not ferment  (-) H2S, OD
lactose
P. stuartii  Motile, rapid   Burn infection
 Many urease
 Deanimate lysine &
phenylalanine
M. morganii  Morganella   (+) OD  UTI
 Not ferment  (-) H2S, citrate
lactose
 Motile, rapid
 Many urease
 Deanimate lysine &
phenylalanine
S. paratyphi  Salmonella  Aerogenic, motile  (+) H2S, lysine, Salmonellosis
 Pathogenic to ornithine  Gastroentertis
S. paratyphi A man/ animals  Aerogenic, motile,  ornithine (cytotoxins)
 (+) MR Vi antigen (typhmurium,
S. choleraesuis  (-) indole, VP  Aerogenic, motile,  Lysine, ornithine enteritidis
 ~ citrate Vi antigen (gardner’s)
S. typhi  Widal Test  Motile  (+) H2S, lysine  Bacteremia,
 Monocyte extraintestinal
intracell infection (from but
not involve GIT)
S. gallinarum   (+) H2S, lysine,
(cholerasius, Dublin)
ornithine
 Enteric Fever
S. pollorum  aerogenic  (+) H2S, lysine,
- typhoid- typhi-man
ornithine
only host (most
severe)
-Paratyphoid
S. dysenteriae Shigella    More severe illness
S. flexneri  Not motile,   
S. boydii capsulated,   
S. sonnei ferment lactose  SLF  (-) indole  Watery diarrhea,
 (-) H2S, citrate most common
 Man only host, isolate
limit to GIT
Y. pestis   Pinpoint,  bacteriocin-  Bubonic plague
cauliflower; pesticin 1  Septicemic plague
 stalactite pattern;  coagulase  Pneumonic
 bipolar safety-pin  fibrinolysin
 not ferment  envelope antigen
lactose and motile

Y. enterocolitica   Heat-stable  (+) ornithine,  Gastroenteritis,
enterotoxin; @ urease, VP @ RT Yersinios
37*
 A-hemolytic
 Cold enrichment
 Bulls-eye colony
 SLF
Y. pseudotu-   Motile @ RT,  (-) ornithine, VP 
berculosis anerogenic
 Not ferment
lactose or sucrose
B. cepacia  Burkholderia  NFB~lysine  PC agar  Cystic fibrosis
  Gram (-) straight &
 Smooth @ 72 hrs,  OFPBL
slender bacilli 35*
 (+) oxidase,  Dirtlike odor
B. pseudomallei aerobes, motile,  Dry, wrinkled   Melloidosis
meso, some are purple @ 42*  Aussie & SEA
psychrophilic  Earthy odor
 Oxidize carbo  Bipolar safety-pin
B. mallei  (-) acetoin  Not motile and  BHIA w/ glycerol  Glander’s
 NFB grow 42* on BA
P. aeruginosa  Pseudomonas  Opportunistic  TSI- Alk/Alk glassy  Most isolated NFB
 Moist area  Flat, colorless,  Pyocyanin (w/  Jacuzzi syndrome;
along streak lines chloro), pyoverdin contact lens;
 Flat, serrated,  Pyorubin ecthyma
metallic sheen, B-  pyomelanin gangrenosum
hemolytic on BA  Exotoxin A- inhibit
 Grape-like protein synthesis
 monotrichous  Endotoxin- sepsis
P. fluorescnes  Produce  (+) gelatin 
fluorescein hydrolysis
P. putida  psychrphilic  
C.  Chryoseobacterium  Yellow, smooth,  (+) indole,  Neonatal meningitis
meningosepticum circular, entire gelatinase,
 II-forms, capsule, DNase, catalase
not motile
A. xylosoxidans    
A. faecalis   Feather-edge   Transient colonizer
 Green zone of
hemolysis (a-
hemolysis)
 Fruity odor
S. putrefaciens     Only NFB produce
H2S in TSI butt
 Otitis media
V. cholerae    (+) String test  Rice water stool
 TCBS