Reflection of a Point

Reflection of a Point

Let P(𝒙, 𝒚) be any point, then its image with respect to

❑ 𝒙-axis
❑ 𝒚-axis
❑ Origin
❑ Line 𝒚 = 𝒙
 Reflection of a Point

The mirror image of a point 𝑷(𝒙𝟏, 𝒚𝟏) about the line 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 is

given by

𝒙 − 𝒙 𝟏 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 𝒂𝒙𝟏 + 𝒃𝒚𝟏 + 𝒄
= = −𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
(𝒙𝟏, 𝒚𝟏)
 Reflection of a Point

The mirror image of a point 𝑷(𝒙𝟏, 𝒚𝟏) about the line 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 is

given by

𝒙 − 𝒙 𝟏 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 𝒂𝒙𝟏 + 𝒃𝒚𝟏 + 𝒄
= = −𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
(𝒙𝟏, 𝒚𝟏)
 Reflection of a Point

The mirror image of a point 𝑷(𝒙𝟏, 𝒚𝟏) about the line 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 is

given by

𝒙 − 𝒙 𝟏 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 𝒂𝒙𝟏 + 𝒃𝒚𝟏 + 𝒄
= = −𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
(𝒙𝟏, 𝒚𝟏)
Examples
Example
Example

Find mirror image of the point (1, 2) with respect to the line 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example

A ray passing through 𝟑, 𝟏𝟎 gets reflected by the mirror 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟔 and

then passes through (𝟓, 𝟔). Find the equations of the incident ray and
reflected ray

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example

A ray of light incident along the line 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 and strikes a line

mirror. If the equation of normal on the line mirror at the point of
incidence is 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎, then find the equation of the reflected ray

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example

Find 𝒂 point 𝐏 on 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 such that 𝐏𝐀 − 𝑷𝑩 is

minimum, where 𝐀 is (𝟒, 𝟐) & 𝐁 is (𝟐, 𝟒)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

A(4,2) B(2,4)
KEY TAKEAWAYS

Length of perpendicular

Distance between parallel lines

Foot of the Perpendicular

Reflection of a Point
 CONTENT

Internal Angle of a Triangle

 Internal Angle of a Triangle

If slopes of sides are 𝒎𝟏 > 𝒎𝟐 > 𝒎𝟑, then tangents of internal angles of
triangle are given by
𝒎𝟏 − 𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝟐 − 𝒎𝟑 𝒎𝟑 − 𝒎𝟏
, and
𝟏 + 𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝟑 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟑
Examples
Example
Example

Find all the three internal angle of DABC with vertices A(1, 1), B(3, 1),
C(4, 1+ 𝟑).

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example

Find the nature of the triangle having sides along 𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎,

𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 & 𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟖 = 𝟎

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Linear Inequality
 Linear Inequality

Linear inequalities 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 > 𝟎 or 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 < 𝟎 represents

region above or below the line 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎, which can be identified
by taking any particular point in the region.
Examples
Example

Plot the region represented by the inequation 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 > 𝟐𝟒

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
(𝟎, 𝟔)

(𝟖, 𝟎)
Example

Plot the region represented by the inequations 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 < 𝟑𝟓 and

𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 > 𝟏𝟒

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝟎, 𝟏𝟒)

(𝟎, −𝟓) (𝟕, 𝟎)

Example

Plot the region represented by the inequations 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒 > 𝟎,

𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟒 < 𝟎, 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟒 < 𝟎 and 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒 > 𝟎

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Line Inclined to other Line
Line Inclined at an Angle to Other Lines

Slope of line inclined at an angle q with line 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄 are

given by
𝒎 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 𝒎 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽
,
𝟏 − 𝒎 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 𝟏 + 𝒎 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽
Examples
Example
Example

Equation of a line passing through (𝟏, 𝟐) making an angle of 45° with the
line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example

Equation of a line passing through (– 𝟐, – 𝟕) making an angle of

𝟑
tan–1 𝟒 with 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟑.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Condition for Concurrency
 Condition for Concurrency

Three lines 𝒂𝟏𝒙 + 𝒃𝟏𝒚 + 𝒄𝟏 = 𝟎; 𝒂𝟐𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎 and

𝒂𝟑𝒙 + 𝒃𝟑𝒚 + 𝒄𝟑 = 𝟎 are concurrent, if

𝒂𝟏 𝒃𝟏 𝒄𝟏
D = 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 = 0
𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟑

𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞

If lines are concurrent then ∆ = 𝟎 but if D = 0 then lines may or may not
be concurrent (lines may be parallel).
Examples
Example
Example

Find whether following lines are concurrent or not

𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 , 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 , 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example

Find the value of '𝒎' for the lines 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 &

𝒎𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 such that
(i) no two lines are parallel.
(ii) the lines are concurrent.
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
KEY TAKEAWAYS

Internal Angle of a Triangle

Linear Inequality

Line Inclined to other Line

Condition for Concurrency

CONTENT

Transformation of Axis
 Transformation of Axis
(a) Shifting of origin without rotation of axes :
If the origin O(𝟎, 𝟎) is shifted to O'(𝒂, 𝒃), then 𝒚 𝐘

X = 𝒙 – 𝒂 and Y = 𝒚 – 𝒃
(𝒂, 𝒃)
𝐗
O’

𝒙
O
Examples
Example
Example

Find the coordinates of the point 𝟓, 𝟒 in new coordinate system if origin

is shifted to −𝟐, 𝟑

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example

If origin is shifted to −𝟏, 𝟒 , then the equation of line in new coordinate

system is 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎, then find its equation in the actual coordinate
system
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example

When the origin is shifted to (𝟏, 𝟏), then what does equation
𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 becomes.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧