Week 2:

The SLOPE and the

TANGENT LINE
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
2nd QUARTER
 Learning Outline

1. Revisit the definition of slope

2. Relate slope and derivative of a function
3. Find the equation of the tangent line
 The SLOPE and
the TANGENT LINE

 Slope is a number that describes the

steepness of a line.
Slope is the ratio of the vertical change  Slope (m)

between two points to the horizontal

m=
change between the same two points.
 The SLOPE and
the TANGENT LINE

 Slope (m)  Slope (m)

m= m=

DERIVATIVE ↔ SLOPE
Derivative of y with respect to x
 SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM
y = mx +b
𝒚 =𝟕 𝒙 +𝟓 𝒚 =𝟓− 𝟖 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 𝒚 −𝟒=𝟎
𝒎=𝟕 𝒚 =−𝟖 𝒙+𝟓 𝟐 𝒚 =− 𝟐 𝒙 +𝟒
𝒎=− 𝟖 𝒚 =− 𝒙+𝟐
𝒇 ′ (𝒙)=𝟕
𝒇 ′ ( 𝒙 )=− 𝟖 𝒎=− 𝟏

↔
′
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=− 𝟏
DERIVATIVE SLOPE
f’(x) m
Find the equation of the tangent line to the
graph

′ 𝒇 ( 𝒙+∆ 𝒙) − 𝒇 (𝒙)
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 ( 𝒙 +∆ 𝒙 )=( 𝒙 + ∆ 𝒙 )𝟐+𝟐 ( 𝒙 +∆ 𝒙 )+𝟏
∆ 𝒙 →𝟎 ∆𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
′ ( 𝒙 + ∆ 𝒙 ) +𝟐 ( 𝒙 + ∆ 𝒙 ) +𝟏   −( 𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒙 +𝟏)
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝐥𝐢𝐦
∆ 𝒙 →𝟎 ∆𝒙

′ 𝒙 𝟐+𝟐 𝒙 ∆ 𝒙+ ∆ 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 +𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 ∆ 𝒙 +𝟏   − 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏 ¿
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ¿
∆ 𝒙 →𝟎 ∆𝒙

′ 𝟐 𝒙 ∆ 𝒙+ ∆ 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐+ 𝟐 ∆ 𝒙   ′
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∆ 𝒙 ¿ ¿ ¿ 2x+2
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝐥𝐢𝐦
∆ 𝒙 →𝟎 ∆𝒙 ∆ 𝒙 →𝟎
Find the equation of the tangent line to the
graph
𝐗𝟏 , 𝐘 𝟏

2x+2
2(1)+2
4
4
Find the equation of the tangent line to the
graph
𝐗𝟏 , 𝐘 𝟏
𝐦=𝟒
𝒚 −𝟒=𝟒 ( 𝒙 − 𝟏 )

𝒚 −𝟒=𝟒 𝒙 − 𝟒
𝒚 =𝟒 𝒙 −𝟒 +𝟒
𝒚=𝟒 𝒙
Find the equation of the tangent line
to the graph

𝐗𝟏 , 𝐘 𝟏
End Session
of
SYNCHRONOUS LEARNING