‫اﻟﺪﻫﻮن‬

Lipids ‫ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ واﻟﺪﻫﻮن اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻲ واﻟﺪﻫﻮن‬:‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
Which include: fixed oil ,plant & animal fat, animal &fat wax
‫اﻟﺪﻫﻮن‬:
‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﺳﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻟﺪﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺤﻮل‬
Lipids: ‫ "اﻟﺠﻠﺴﺮﻳﺪ‬:‫"اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ‬
Are ester compounds result from combination of fat acid with alcohol of high
molecular weight which is called:”Glyceride”
‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت واﻟﺪﻫﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻜﺤﻮل‬.
Fixed oil &fat are differ from wax according to the type of alcohol.
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺰﻳﻮت اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ واﻟﺪﻫﻮن ﻣﻦ أﺻﻞ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ‬:
The source of fixed oil &fat are from plant origin like: ‫ اﻟﻔﻮل اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻲ‬- ‫ ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬- ‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮن‬.
‫أو ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻮان ﻣﺜﻞ‬:.
Olive oil-cocconut - peanut. ‫ﺷﺤﻢ اﻟﺨﺮوف دﻫﻦ اﻷﻏﻨﺎم‬.
OR from animal like:. ‫ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬.‫اﻟﺪﻫﻮن ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻣﺜﻞ "اﻟﻜﺎﻛﺎو" ﻳﻜﻮن ﺻﻠ ًﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬.
Lard sheep fat. ‫زﻳﺖ ﻛﺒﺪ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﻘﺪ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻫﻮن اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬.

Fat is solid in ordinary temp. which is differ from fixed oil which is liquid but in some
cases like “cocoa buter” it is solid in normal condition while it is from oil.
Cod-liver oil which is from animal fat but it is liquid.

In plant:
Oil & fat present in different part but in seed it contain high percentage which
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬:
is consider as a source of fixed oil like: ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت واﻟﺪﻫﻮن ﻓﻲ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
1-cotton seed oil. ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺼﺪرا ﻟﻠﺰﻳﻮت اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬:
1- ‫زﻳﺖ ﺑﺬرة اﻟﻘﻄﻦ‬.
2-line seed oil. 2- ‫زﻳﺖ ﺑﺬور ذو ﺧﻄﻴﻦ‬.
3-sesame seed oil. 3- ‫زﻳﺖ ﺑﺬور اﻟﺴﻤﺴﻢ‬.
‫ﻃﺮق اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻫﻮن واﻟﺰﻳﻮت اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
Methods of obtaining fat &fixed oil ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬:
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻮي وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬:‫ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
Fixed oil: ً
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﺬﻳ ًﺒﺎ ﻋﻀﻮﻳً ﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ واﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬.
Usually obtained from plant sources by: using strong crushing and some time use the
temp. and also used organic solvent to extract this fixed oil.
Fat:
Usually obtained by separation from animal tissue by using steam with pressure
which dissolve the fat which is floating to the top and separate the fat by pouring.
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻت‬:
Uses: - ‫ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج اﻟﺪواﻟﻲ‬- ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻐﺬاء‬- ‫ اﻟﻤﺰﻟﻘﺎت‬- ‫ اﻟﻮرﻧﻴﺶ‬- ‫ اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮن‬- ‫ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻤﺎت‬- ‫ اﻟﻤﺮﻫﻢ‬- ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻫﻢ‬
In- ointments - liniments - creams - soap - varnishes – lubricants – source of food –
sclerosing agent in treatment in varicose- veins
Fixed oil: example
1-castor oil -2-linseed oil –3-peanut oil –4- cotton seed-5-sesame oil –6- swead
almond oil –7- coconut oil –8- cod liver oil –9-corn oil.
‫ ﻣﺜﺎل‬:‫زﻳﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
Fat: example
‫ زﻳﺖ ﺑﺬور اﻟﻜﺘﺎن‬-6- ‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﺴﻤﺴﻢ‬-5- ‫ ﺑﺬور اﻟﻘﻄﻦ‬-4- ‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﻔﻮل اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻲ‬-3- ‫ زﻳﺖ ﺑﺬر اﻟﻜﺘﺎن‬2- ‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﺨﺮوع‬
‫ زﻳﺖ ذرة‬9– ‫ زﻳﺖ ﻛﺒﺪ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﻘﺪ‬-8– ‫ زﻳﺖ ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬-7– ‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﻠﻮز‬.
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 ‫ ﻣﺜﺎل‬:‫اﻟﺪﻫﻮن‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺮارة أو اﻟﺜﻮر اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوي‬-4- ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻮﺳﺘﻴﺮول‬-3 -‫ﻻﻧﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻟﺪﻫﻦ اﻟﺼﻮف‬-2- ‫ﺷﺤﻢ اﻟﺨﻨﺰﻳﺮ‬

1-lard –2-lanolin or wool fat – 3-sitosterols –4- ox gall or oxbile

‫ ﻣﺜﺎل‬:‫اﻟﺸﻤﻊ‬
Wax: example ‫ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻛﺮﻧﻮﺑﺎ‬-2- ‫ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬
1-bee wax –2- carnauba wax
Castor oil:
‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﺨﺮوع‬:
Obtained from dried ripe seed of: ricinus-commuris ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺿﺠﺔ‬:
ricinus-communis
Belong to familly :Euphor biaceae . ‫ اﻟﻔﺮﺑﻴﻮن‬:‫ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬.
The seed contain about:
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺒﺬرة ﻋﻠﻰ‬:
50% fixed oil. ‫زﻳﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬.
20% protein. ‫ﺑﺮوﺗﻴﻦ‬.
_ Ricinine ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺴﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬
Thise plant contain poisenous protein (ricin) especialy for animal which need removal
from thise oil by using steam during extract. ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎم )اﻟﺮﻳﺴﻴﻦ( وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮان اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ إزاﻟﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺨﺎر أﺛﻨﺎء اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬.
Uses:
Laxative -oitments- in soap . ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬:
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮن‬- ‫ ﻣﺮﻃﺒﺎت‬- ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻦ‬.
‫زﻳﺖ ﻛﺒﺪ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﻘﺪ‬
Cod liver oil
Which are fixed oil obtained from cod liver it contain: ‫وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ زﻳﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺪ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﻘﺪ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬:
- 30%-65% fixed oil
- cholesterol
- vit. A & D
‫ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻏﺬاء ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻮء اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ واﻟﻜﺴﺎح وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻞ وﻓﻲ ﻧﺨﺮ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬.
Uses:
A source of food in case of mal nutrition and rickets and in case of T.B and in teeth
nicroses .
‫زﻳﺖ ﺑﺬر اﻟﻜﺘﺎن‬
Lin seed oil ً
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺬور اﻟﻜﺘﺎن اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻨﺎﺿﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻔﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬:
Also called flax seed which obtained from the dried ripe seed of:
Linum usitatissimum to the family linaceac. ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻟﻴﻨﻮم ﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﺮة‬.

Const:
1-25% protein
2-20%-30% fixed oil which contains
A-linoleic 15%. ‫ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﻚ‬
B-linolenic 15%. ‫ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬
C-isolinolenic 65%. ‫اﻳﺰوﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬

Uses: (‫ ورﻧﻴﺶ‬، ‫ ورق‬، ‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻮن‬، ‫ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻏﺬاء ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت )ﻗﻤﺎش‬، ‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻦ‬، ‫ ﻣﻠﻄﻒ‬، ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺮوق‬
In burns , demulscent , laxative , food sources for animal (cloth , soap , paper ,
varnishe )
‫ﺳﻴﺘﻮﺳﺘﻴﺮوﻟﺲ‬:
Sitosterols:
Which is called phytosterole . which is able to combine with the cholesterol and
prevent absorpt from alimentary tract .
‫ وﻫﻮ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎج ﻣﻊ‬.‫وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺳﺘﻴﺮول‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮول وﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ‬.
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 ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪﻫﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻧﺒﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬:
‫ ﺑﺬور اﻟﻘﻄﻦ‬- ‫ﺑﺬور اﻟﺬرة‬.
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬:
This fat obtain from plant like: ‫ ﻣﻨﻊ ال‬ppt. (‫ وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج )ﺗﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺸﺮاﻳﻴﻦ‬.‫ اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮول إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪار اﻟﻨﻔﺎخ‬.

Corn seed- cotton seed.

Uses:
Prevent ppt. Of cholesterol to the wall of blo. Vess. And used in treatment of
(arterioscierosis)
Does: 9 GM. ‫اﻟﺜﻮر اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوي أو اﻟﻤﺮارة اﻟﺜﻮر‬ ‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﻘﻮﻟﻴﺎت‬.
Ox bile or ox gall ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ إﻓﺮاز اﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﻌﺎء ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻀﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺪﻫﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻠﺐ ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺰﻓﻴﺮ وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ﻣﻌﻮي ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﻤﺮ‬.
Obtained from family Bovidae.
It is normal exereat of liver in the intestine to help the digestion which convert the fat to
emulsion for easy obsorp and consider as intestinal antiseptic to prevent fermentation.
Constit:
1- 80-90% water. ‫ ﻳﻮرﻳﺎ‬- ‫ ﺑﺮوﺗﻴﻦ‬- ‫ دﻫﻮن ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻦ‬- ‫أﻣﻼح ﺻﻔﺮاوﻳﺔ وﺻﺒﻐﺎت ﺻﻔﺮاوﻳﺔ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
2- 10-15% bile salts & bile pigments cholesterin – choline fat – protein – urea
Dose: ‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻔﻢ ﻛﻤﺎدة ﻣﺼﻞ‬.
‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺒﻠﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‬.
300 mg orally as adigestant. ‫وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﻠﺒﺔ وﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ وﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺗﺬوب‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺠﺎت وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫وﺗﺬوب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬.
‫ راﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬، ‫ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ راﺗﻨﺞ أﺣﻤﺎض راﺗﻴﻨﺞ ﻛﺤﻮل‬
Resins &resin combinations ‫ إﺳﺘﺮ راﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬، ‫ﺗﺎﻧﻴﺲ‬.
Are amorphus products of complex chemical natural .thy are usually hard, transparent
or translucent and upon heating soften & finally melt .
chemically they are complex mixture of resin acids resin alcohol , resin tannis , ester
resin. ‫ واﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ أو ﻣﻨﺘﺞ اﻷﻛﺴﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻴﻨﺎت‬، ‫إﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺬوﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء‬.
Thy are insoluble in water ,resin are the end product of metabolism or
Oxidation product of the terpenes. ‫ اﻷوﻟﻴﻔﻴﻦ‬:‫ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺴﺎ ﻣﻊ زﻳﺖ ﻃﻴﺎر ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
ً ‫ أﻗﻞ‬، ‫ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻏﺎﻟ ًﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ أﻛﺜﺮ‬ex

It occure of ten in more ,less homogenous mixture with volatile oil called:
Oleovesins ex:
-turpentine ‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻨﺘﻴﻦ‬
-canada balsam ‫ﺑﻠﺴﻢ ﻛﻨﺪا‬ ‫ راﺗﻨﺠﺎت اﻟﻠﺜﺔ‬:‫أو ﻳﺤﺪث ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻠﺜﺔ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬.
or occurs mixture with gums called: gum resins.
‫اﻟﺒﻠﺴﻢ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ راﺗﻨﺠﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ أو ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺒﻨﺰوﻳﻚ‬
(‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎم‬- ‫أو ﻛﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ أو إﺳﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﻤﺎض ﻣﺜﻞ )ﺑﻴﺮوﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎم‬
Balsams are resinous mixture that contain cinnamic or benzoic acid or both
or ester of these acid such as ( perubalsam – tolubalsam )

Resin:
When resin are separated and purified ,the are usually brittle, amorphous Solids which
fuse upon heating, thy are insoluble in water but dissolve in alcohle or other organic
solvents forming solution which on waporation deposit .
the resin as avarnish like film. When burn it have smoky flam .
‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬:
the most important crude sources of resins are:
‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻮاد ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻫﺸﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺒﻠﻮرة‬، ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺗﻴﻨﺞ وﺗﻨﻘﻴﺘﻪ‬
rosin – podophy lium – cannabis ‫ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺬوﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺬوب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺤﻮل أو‬، ‫ﺗﻨﺪﻣﺞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬
ً
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺳﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺬﻳﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬.

‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺮق ﻟﻬﺎ دﺧﺎن اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻮرﻧﻴﺶ‬.

3 ‫أﻫﻢ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺠﺎت اﻟﺨﺎم ﻫﻲ‬:
‫ اﻟﺤﺸﻴﺶ‬- ‫ ﺑﻮدوﻓﻴﻠﻮم‬- ‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬
 ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬:
‫اﻟﺼﻨﻮﺑﺮي‬: ‫اﻟﻠﺼﻘﺎت واﻟﻤﺮاﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﻄﺮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
Rosin: ‫ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب‬- ‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻮن‬- ‫ دﻫﺎن‬- ‫ ورﻧﻴﺶ‬- ‫ﻣﺪر ﻟﻠﺒﻮل‬

Uses: ‫ﺑﻮدوﻓﻴﻠﻮم‬:
ً
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ وﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬، ‫ﺟﺬر ﺟﺬﻣﻮر ﻣﺠﻔﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻤﻎ اﻟﺒﻮدوﻓﻴﻠﻮم ﺑﻴﺘﺎ‬
Plasters & ointment in vet medicine as : ‫درﻳﻚ وﻫﻮ ﻋﺸﺐ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‬
Diuretic- varnish- paint – soap- sealing wax
Podophylium :
Dried rhizome &root of podophylium petta gum.it is also called man
drake.which is perennial herb
const:
‫ﻣﺎدة ﺻﻤﻐﻴﺔ‬
1-resin 3.5-6% consist of:
-podophy llo toxin.
-picropodophyllin. ‫ﺑﻴﻜﺮوﺑﻮدوﻓﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬.
2-flavenal . ‫ﻓﻼﻓﻴﻨﺎل‬
3-quercetin.‫ﻛﻴﺮﺳﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬
4-starch . ‫ﻧﺸﺎء‬
5-gallic acid . ‫ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻐﺎل‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻴﻮرﻳﻦ‬:
Uses: ( Purgative) (‫ )ﻣﺴﻬﻞ‬:‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺠﺎت واﻟﺰﻳﻮت اﻟﻄﻴﺎرة ﻣﺜﻞ‬:
‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻨﺘﻴﻦ‬:
Oleoresin : (‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻧﺒﺎت ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﺳﺘﺮﻳﺲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ )اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬.

Are homogeneous mixture of resins and volatile oil such as :

Turpentines oil:
Which is found in pihus palustris plant found in (U.S.A)

Uses:
‫ روﺑﻴﻴﻔﻴﻨﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺺ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت أﺧﺮى‬.‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺎ‬:
Externally as. Rubificient in plaster other plant :
-‫ ﻃﺎرد ﻟﻠﺪﻳﺪان‬------ ‫أﺳﺒﻴﺪﻳﻮم أو ﻣﺎﻳﻔﻴﺮن‬.
-aspidium or maiefern ------anthelmintics .
- ‫ ﻃﺎردة‬- ‫ ﻣﺤﻔﺰة‬- ‫ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﻬﻴﺠﺔ‬------------- ‫ﻛﺒﺴﻮﻟﺔ‬
-capsicum -------------rubificient irritant-stimulemt –carminative
‫ﺑﻠﺴﻢ‬:
Balsams:
Peru balsam: ‫ﺑﻠﺴﻢ ﺑﻴﺮو‬:
‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮة ﻣﻴﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻠﻮن ﺑﻴﺮﻳﺮا‬.
Obtain from myroxylon pereirae tree.
Which is 25 meters in height . ‫ ﻣﺘﺮا‬25 ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬.
Constit:
1-volatil oil 60%
- benzyle cinnamate ‫ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻣﺎت‬

4
 - benzyle benzoate ‫ﺑﻨﺰوات اﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬

2-resin esters 30-38% ‫اﺳﺘﺮات اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬

3-vanollin-cinnamic acid ‫ﺣﻤﺾ ﻓﺎﻧﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ‬

Uses: ‫ ﻣﻘﺸﻊ‬- ‫ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ‬- ‫ ﻣﺮض ﺟﻠﺪي‬- ‫ ﻃﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎت‬- ‫ﻣﻬﻴﺞ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ‬.

Local irritant – parasiticids – skin disease –antiseptic – expectorant .

Antibiotics
are natural products obtained from the growth of culture of bacteria ,molds and soil
actinomycetes.
The word "antibiotics" is derived from the term antibiosis and literally means "against
life" {anti-against. Biosis life}.

Antibiotics: As a chemical substance derived from or produced by a living organism

which in low concentration is destructive or inhibitery to microorganisms. All
antibiotics are complex compound, in a few years ago, all were obtained
biosynthetically from living microorganisms, principally actinomycetes, molds and few
bacteria.

-Chloramphenicol: Obtained by fermentation of stretomyces venezuelae, was the first

antibiotics to be produced commercially by chemical synthesis.

-Tetracycline: May be either derived naturally from actinomycetc or prepared by

modifiying the structure of oxytetracycline.
The activity of pencillin is limited primarily to {Gram + positive} microorganism,
where as stryptomycin affect {Gram - negative} microorganism.
For this reason these antibiotics are referred to as "narrow spectrum" antibiotics.
-Chloramphenicol was the first of the so-called "broad spectrum" antibiotics. It was
followed by the tetracycline.