Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Lect 8

    Uploaded by

    alikroos335
    6 views8 pages
    This document provides information about fluid mechanics lectures for second year undergraduate students. It discusses concepts like pressure drop, friction factor, Reynolds number, relative roughness, and the Moody diagram. It explains that fluid loses energy due to friction forces, known as pressure drop. It then gives the equation to calculate pressure drop between two points in a pipe based on friction factor. It also discusses how friction factor is related to Reynolds number and relative roughness, and how the Moody diagram represents these relationships for different pipe materials and surface roughnesses. Finally, it notes that fittings like valves and bends also cause minor losses that contribute to the total head loss of a pipe system, and provides a table of equivalent lengths for different fittings.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    This document provides information about fluid mechanics lectures for second year undergraduate students. It discusses concepts like pressure drop, friction factor, Reynolds number, relative roughness, and the Moody diagram. It explains that fluid loses energy due to friction forces, known as pressure drop. It then gives the equation to calculate pressure drop between two points in a pipe based on friction factor. It also discusses how friction factor is related to Reynolds number and relative roughness, and how the Moody diagram represents these relationships for different pipe materials and surface roughnesses. Finally, it notes that fittings like valves and bends also cause minor losses that contribute to the total head loss of a pipe system, and provides a table of equivalent lengths for different fittings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    6 views8 pages

    Lect 8

    Uploaded by

    alikroos335
    This document provides information about fluid mechanics lectures for second year undergraduate students. It discusses concepts like pressure drop, friction factor, Reynolds number, relative roughness, and the Moody diagram. It explains that fluid loses energy due to friction forces, known as pressure drop. It then gives the equation to calculate pressure drop between two points in a pipe based on friction factor. It also discusses how friction factor is related to Reynolds number and relative roughness, and how the Moody diagram represents these relationships for different pipe materials and surface roughnesses. Finally, it notes that fittings like valves and bends also cause minor losses that contribute to the total head loss of a pipe system, and provides a table of equivalent lengths for different fittings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 8

    Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research

    Duhok Polytechnic University


    Zakho Technical Collage & Institute
    Petrolume Geology Department & Petrol

    Fluid Mechanic Lectures


    Fluid Mechanics Lectures
    For
    Second Year Undergraduate Students
    By
    The Lecturer
    Mr. Diyar Abdullah Ahmed

    Lecture 8
    (2023-2024)
    Lecture Eight
    Drop in Pressure and Friction Factor
    The flow of fluid undergoing many forces like friction
    force, gravity so, force cause by changing the direction of flow.
    Forces caused by friction different in order to changing in
    Reynolds number, which called surface roughness.
    Fluid lost some of its energy as a result of friction force,
    this reduction in energy is known as pressure drop or energy
    head loss. Below we see how to calculate dropping in pressure
    and factors and equations concerned with this lesson.

    If we take section like above, we


    obtain drop in pressure between
    points 1 & 2 by the following
    equation: -
    Before calculating pressure drop, we must know the
    following: -
    • Reynolds Number.
    • Relative Roughness (Є/D) Є=absolute roughness, D= pipe
    diameter (see table).
    • Friction factor (f).
    Moody Diagram:- This diagram designed by Moody (1944), which is represent all pressure drop
    coefficients of types of materials of pipe and ducts, like friction factor, Reynolds number & surface
    roughness. There are many appearances you can see in this diagram as: -
    • Very small Reynolds number (laminar flow) Re ≤ 2000 , here friction factor independent on relative
    roughness and calculate as following: -

    64
    ƒ= Re=
    𝜌𝑉𝐷
    𝑂𝑅 Re =
    𝑉𝐷
    𝑅𝑒 𝜇 𝑣
    • In turbulent flow and Re. ≥ 4000, Є/D < 0.001 (smooth pipe) we get friction factor by: -

    0.316
    ƒ= 0.25
    𝑅𝑒

    • Very large Reynolds number, friction factor independent on Reynolds number and flow is turbulent, so,
    this region in moody diagram is called as (Rough pipe).
    • Transitional Zone appears between laminar and turbulent region and friction factor is a function of
    Reynolds number and relative roughness
    Pressure Drop in Fittings: - Most pipe systems The best method to calculate pressure
    consist of additional components such as valves, drop in fittings is to give them a length
    bends, tees…, etc. In addition with straight pipes. make same drop in pressure of these
    The losses in these components called Minor Losses fittings. Below a table shows the
    that added to the overall head loss of the system. equivalent length of fittings.

    You might also like