PAVEMENT CONDITION ASSESSMENT (PCA)

ON EXPRESSWAYS

By I K R A M PAV ES S D N B H D
6 JA N 2 0 2 3
 Introduction (Ikram Paves Sdn Bhd)

Why PCA?
Table of
PCA Categories
Contents
Data Collection

PDPM
 OUR EQUIPMENT
Type of Equipment Quantity
Ikram Road Scanner (IRS) Hawkeye 2000 3 Nos
Grip Tester (GT) 2 Nos
Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Carlbro 2 Nos
Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) Dynatest 1 No
Rotary Coring Machine 5 Nos
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) 5 Sets
Portable Weighing System (Axle Load) 2 Nos
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) 400MHz 1 Set
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) 200MHz 1 Set
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) 2,000MHz 1 Set
 Our Capabilities

Quality
System
Pavement Road Control (QC) Bridge Slope
Development
Evaluation Inspection during Road Inspection Inspection
& Support
Construction
WHY PCA?
 Assess and Evaluate current
PAVEMENT pavement condition
CONDITION Identify distress area and root cause
ASSESSMENT of distress (Functional or Structural)
(PCA) Rehabilitation treatment performance
monitoring (New materials)

Data for HDM4 to generate work

plans/work programs
 PCA
CATEGORIES
 MHA’s Requirement
 Concession Companies (CC) need to conduct annual PCA (Network Level)

Full PCA Scanning / MLP

• MLP/IRS for entire Lanes • MLP/IRS for entire Lanes
• Skid resistance test using Grip Tester (GT) • Skid resistance test using Grip Tester
• Deflection test (FWD) at 250m interval (GT)
on slow lanes.
• Coring & DCP at 2km interval
• Axle load study at selected toll plazas.
 Axle
NETWORK
LEVEL PCA
(FULL)
 NETWORK
LEVEL PCA
(Scanning /
MLP)
 MHA’s Requirement
 CC need to conduct annual PCA (Project Level)
 Project Level PCA is required for investigatory on bad areas identified during
the annual network level analysis. CC may also consider poor area of the
network to ensure the riding quality of the expressway.
 The identified location to carry out Project Level PCA shall according to the
criteria defined below:
 Roughness for each 100m section > 3.8 m/km IRI
 Rutting for each 100m section > 20 mm
 Area of total cracking (%) for each 100m section > 20%
 Project Level PCA Work
 Conduct deflection test using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) at 50m interval along
the identified locations.
 Carry out the Coring & Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) at 200m interval or minimum
one (1) number for each of the identified locations.
 Propose the treatment for the identified locations.
DATA COLLECTION
PDCA Pavement Maintenance Life Cycle

Generate
Data Collection
Annual Work Program

Update Review and Verify

Pavement Annual Work Program
Maintenance Works by the Agency

Maintenance /
Rehabilitation
Design
 Pavement Condition Assessment
Assess Surface Condition Assess Pavement Strength Measure Surface Friction

High Speed Survey Falling Weight Deflectometer Griptester

Vehicle (FWD)

Assess Pavement Thickness

Assess the Axle Load

Asphalt Coring
DCP Test Axle Load Study
 Pavement Condition Assessment
Assess Surface Condition
 Roughness
 Crack
 Rutting
 Macro-Texture
 Other Defects

HIGH SPEED SURVEY

VEHICLE
Automatic Crack Detection (ACD)

25
 Automatic Crack Detection (ACD)

• Sensor Height = 2200mm

• Inter-sensor Distance = 2000mm
• Installation Angle = 15°
• Measurement Width = 4000mm

26
MLP Data Analysis using Hawkeye Processing Toolkit

27
Falling Weight Deflectometer Test (FWD)

Non-destructive Method
 DEFLECTION BOWL

FWD Deflection Profiles Representative Layer

D1 Overall Pavement
D1-D2 Asphalt
D2-D4 Unbound
D6 Subgrade
Pavement Condition Assessment
Pavement Thickness

Asphalt Coring DCP Test

 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)

Destructive Method
Purpose:
To determine pavement layer
thickness

Methods:
Releasing a standard weight onto
the anvil and measuring the rod
penetration into the ground
Plot graph Penetration Vs
cumulative blows
 Handle

Diagrammatic
Layout of DCP Hammer ( 8kg )

Upper Shaft

575 mm
1835 mm

Anvil

Measuring Lower Shaft

Rule

20 mm
(600 Cone)

ASPHALT

BASE

SUB-BASE
SUBGRADE
 DCP TEST PLOT

NO OF BLOW
20 40 60 80 10 120 140 160 180
0 0
ASPHALT
GRADIENT = STRENGTH (CBR)
CRUSHED STONE 100
ROAD BASE
DCP 1.7 mm / b
CBR : > 100% 200 CHANGE IN GRADIENT

SUB-BASE
DIFFERENT STRENGTH
DCP : 4.0 mm / b
DEPTH (mm) 300 DIFFERENT MATERIAL
CBR : 73%

SUBGRADE 400
DCP : 26 mm / b
CBR : 7%
500

600

700

800
GRIPTESTER
GRIPTESTER
• Measure surface friction in term of GN and converted into SCRIM
Value
Axle Load Study

• To determine the
damaging effect
Purpose:
(E.F) of commercial
vehicles

• Weigh vehicles
using portable
Methods:
weigh-in motion
weighing system
AXLE LOAD STUDY
Pavement
Durability
Performance
Measures
(PDPM)
 1. International Roughness Index
2. Rutting
PAVEMENT 3. Texture Depth
DURABILITY 4. Pavement Condition Index
PERFORMANCE 5. Deflections
MEASURES
6. Residual Life
(PDPM)
7. Skid Resistance
8. Cracks
DEFLECTION BOWL
PAVEMENT
CRACKS
QUESTIONS
THANK YOU