UiTM TECHNICAL VISIT

Pavement Condition Assessment (PCA)

18 Dec 2023

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ITINERARY
TIME ACTIVITY

10.00 am – 10.30 am Welcoming Speech

10.30 am – 11.00 am Pavement Condition Assessment

11.00 am – 12.30 pm Project Discussion & Sharing Session from UiTM

12.30 pm – 1.00 pm Closing

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 CONTENT

No. Title
1.0 Pavement Condition Assessment
a) Methodology
b) Technology & Equipment
c) Functional Test & Evaluation
d) Structural & Evaluation
e) Impact of Good Road Network

2.0 Road Asset Management

3.0 Project Discussion & Sharing Session from UTeM

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Pavement Condition
Assessment

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 DEFINITION
PAVEMENT CONDITION ASSESSMENT (PCA)

 "Pavement Condition Assessment (PCA) is an indication of the

serviceability of the road pavements and also referred to as the
collection of data to determine the ride quality and structural integrity of
a road segment ”

Adarkwa, N.A.O., Pavement Condition Surveys - Overview of Current Practices. Delaware Center for Transportation, University of
Delaware, Newark, June 2013

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a) PCA Methodology

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 Pavement Condition Assessment Methodology
DATA COLLECTION:-
PCA RESULT:-
1. Functional
 Road Scanner 1. Functional

DATA PROCESSING:-
1. Database
• HAWKEYE MAINTENANCE
2. Structural BUDGET:-
 FWD
 HDM4
• ELMOD 6
2. Structural
 Coring & DCP

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Video

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10
b) Technology & Equipment's

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 PCA: Technology
Data Collection Technology

Road Scanner Falling Weight Deflectometer

Ground Penetration Radar Grip Tester Axle Load Study

Processing & Analysis Technology

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 PCA: Testing Method

a) Functional Test
 Network Survey Vehicle (NSV)

b) Structural Tests
 Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)
 Coring and Dynamic Cone
Penetrometer (DCP)
 Axle Load Study

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c) Functional Test

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 Functional Test
I. Network Survey Vehicle (Road Scanner)
4-Channel Digital Imaging

Multi Laser Profiler

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 Road Scanner – Digital Laser Profiler

• 7 Laser Digital Laser Profiler (DLP)

• To Determine Roughness, rutting and

texture value

Passenger Side Driver Side

• Speed : 20 - 90 km/h

Accelerometer Accelerometer

1350 1150 750 0 750 1150 1350

All measures in millimeters

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 LCMS – Operation Schematic

• 2 x 3-D cameras
• 5mm sampling
• 11.2kHz speed
• 4000 points
• Range accuracy 0.5mm
• Lateral resolution 1.0mm
• Up to 100 km/h

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Data Outputs

Hawkeye output
 Functional Evaluation

► Functional evaluation using the ‘Network Survey Vehicle’ (or Road Scanner) will
determine the pavement condition based on the value of ‘International Roughness
Index’ (IRI)

► Criteria of Functional evaluation :-

1. IRI value < 2.5 m/km – Good
2. IRI value 2.5 – 3.5 m/km – Fair
3. IRI value 3.5 – 4.5 m/km – Poor
4. IRI value > 4.5 m/km – Bad

Source: IKRAM 1994

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 Functional Evaluation

Functional
 Roughness (IRI) - Riding quality (m/km)
 Rutting - Vehicle wheelpath – depression
(mm)
 Texture - Skid resistance & aqua planning

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Selia Scanner
- Multi Laser Profiler (Roughness)

Selia
Scanner

Longitudinal Measured
Measured every 50 mm

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Selia Scanner
- Multi Laser Profiler (Rutting)

Selia
Scanner

Transverse Measured
Measured every 50 mm

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 Selia Scanner
- Multi Laser Profiler (Texture)

7mm 7mm
Selia
Scanner
7 mm

Longitudinal Measured
Measured every 7 mm

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 Functional Evaluation

0 1 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4. 5 6
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GOOD FAIR POOR BAD
Indicator International Roughness Index (m/km)

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 Functional Evaluation
a) Roughness (IRI) – Riding Quality (m/km)

b) Rutting – Vehicle Wheelpath – Depression (mm)

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 Functional Evaluation
c) Surface Texture – Skid Resistance & Aqua Planning

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 Example of Functional Result

OVERALL ROUGHNESS (IRI) CONDITION

OVERALL NETWORK TOTAL LENGTH = 1,144.67 KM
Good,
38.4%,
Bad, 439.192k
m 31.5%, 32.6%, 18.7%, 17.2%,
13.2%, ZON 1
Poor, 151.571km 128.737 km 133.161 km 76.310 km 70.085 km
15.7%, 408.29 km
179.662k
m

42.1%, 32.0%, 14.1%, 11.8%,

ZON 2 154.049 km 117.091 km 51.722 km 42.998 km
365.86 km

Fair,
32.7%, 374.245km
43.4%, 33.5%, 13.4%, 9.7%,
ZON 3 160.647 km 124.081 km 49.768 km 36.022 km
370.52 km

Roughness KPI (m/ km):

Good : < 2.5
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%
Fair : 2.5 – 3.5
Poor : 3.5 – 4.5
Bad : > 4.5 Good Fair Poor Bad

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d) Structural Test

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 Structural Test

I. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)

II. Asphalt Coring
III. Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)
IV. Axle Load Study

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 Structural Evaluation

b) Structural
 Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)
- Structural Layer Strength (E1, E2, E3)

 Coring & Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)

- Structural Layer Thickness (E1, E2,
E3)
- Subgrade CBR (E3)

Pavement Structure Cross Section

E1 Asphalt Layer
E2 Roadbase Layer
E3 Subgrade Layer

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Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)

WEIGHT ASSEMBLY & LOAD

CELL

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 Example of Structural Result

OVERALL STRUCTURAL CONDITION

LENGTH: 1,144.67 KM
Cross Section
59.4%, 37.0%, 3.6%,
E1 679.55 km 423.84 km 41.28 km

E1
Bituminous
26.8%, 66.8%, 6.3%,
E2 765.13 km 72.49 km
307.06 km

E2
Road Base 49.7%, 46.8%, 3.5%,
E3 535.59 km 40.27 km
568.81 km

5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 95%

E3 E3 E2 E1
SOUND 49.7% 26.8% 59.4%
SATISFACTORY 46.8% 66.8% 37.0%
Subgrade
POOR 3.5% 6.3% 3.6%

E1 (Bituminous) E2 (Road Base) E3 (Subgrade)

Sound (E > 3500 mPa) Sound (E > 100 mPa) Sound (E > 100 mPa)
Stsfctry (2500 < E < 3500 mPa) Stsfctry (75 < E < 100 mPa) Stsfctry (50 < E < 100 mPa)
Poor (E < 2500 mPa) Poor (E < 75 mPa) Poor (E < 50 mPa)

Source: Dynatest-IKRAM
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Asphalt Coring & Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)

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Example of Structural Result

Coring Sample

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 Axle Load

Weigh in Motion Scales

PT20 CPU

Roll-up Ramps/ Revelers

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Axle Load Study

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HDM4

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 Unjuran Bajet Penyelenggaraan HDM4 10 Tahun
Jalan JKR: 1,144.67 km
75.00 TOTAL: RM 556.97 (million)

65.00

55.00

45.00

35.00

25.00

15.00

5.00

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Melaka 70.191794339 15.652760339 10.85389071 7.7952341000 11.263806460 16.7518312899 30.496706870 26.303275030 10.82690083 14.55015915
Tengah 998 9999 0007 0001 999 0005 0004
Alor Gajah 50.933733339 15.3531109899 9.5656454200 10.23126375 10.99646292 15.979088389 19.82304858 20.05013584 9.8412555000 12.7010387499
9993 998 0004 9999 0004 999
Total 168.34 45.47 32.36 26.86 29.29 46.06 71.36 68.50 31.67 37.05
Jasin 47.222439059 14.474022829 11.936995429 8.8274257000 7.03115184000 13.329583849 21.03938883 22.148649540 11.00181997 9.800976400
9999 9998 9999 0007 006 9999 0003 00004

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e) Impact of Good Road Network

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 Impact Of Good Road Network

High level of driving comfort

Driving time savings

High safety level of road

Savings in vehicle maintenance costs

Reduce of physical and emotional stress while driving

Decrease in number of accident

Optimum road maintenance costs

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 THANK YOU

SELIA SELENGGARA ENGINEERING SDN BHD

NO.170, JALAN TU 2
TAMAN TASIK UTAMA
75450 AYER KEROH, MELAKA.

Selia Selenggara Sdn Bhd