PATEROS CATHOLIC SCHOOL

Senior High School Department

F. Imson St., San Pedro, Pateros, Metro Manila SY
2020-2021

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

ACTIVITY TASK SHEET No. 2-B

Learning Competencies:
1. Identify the rock forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties
2. Classify rocks into igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary

Name of Student: Buenaflor, Remley Anne A. Grade and Section: XII – St. Honore

Objectives:
a. identify the common elements in the earth’s crust
b. identify the elements that compose a given mineral

Introduction Minerals are substances formed naturally in the Earth. They have a definite
chemical composition and structure. There are over 3000 minerals known. Some are rare and
precious such as gold and diamond, while others are more ordinary, such as quartz. Do you
know of any more examples of minerals from the Earth? Like all substances, minerals are
composed of elements. There are only about a hundred elements, and they are the basic
building blocks of everything around us. They can be found either in their pure form or
chemically combined with other elements to make compounds. A compound is two or more
elements chemically joined together.

Note: All other elements percentage by weight of the Earth crust is 1.

Guide Questions:
1. Table 1 shows the relative amounts of the elements making up the Earth’s crust. Draw a bar
chart to show this information.
2. Which is the commonest element in the Earth’s crust?
3. Which is the rarest single element in the Earth’s crust of those named in Table 1?
4. The most common elements in the Earth’s crust are rarely found on their own. They are
usually found combined. Explain why.
5. What do we call two or more elements chemically combined together?
6. Suggest which element in Table 1 might be the most expensive. Give a reason why you
cannot be certain about your prediction. Mineral names and chemical composition
Table 2 gives the names of some minerals and their chemical formulae. The chemical formula of
a mineral tells us what elements it contains and in what proportion
MINERAL NAME CHEMICAL NUMBER OF USEFUL USE OF THIS
FORMULA ATOM PRESENT ELEMENTS ELEMENT
IN THE
FORMULA
Galena PbS Lead x1 Lead Use In the
Sulfur x1 production of lead
plates in lead acid
battery.

Pyrite FeS2 Iron x 1 Sulfur Used in the

Sulfur x 1 production of
Sulfur and Sulfuric
Acid.
Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 Copper x 1 Copper A primary ore of
Iron x 1 copper since
Sulfur x 2 smelting. Can be
found in pipes.
Chalcocile Cu2S Copper x 2 Copper Bond w/ sulfur to
Sulfur x 1 form sulfides.
Found in electric
wires.
Magnetite Fe2O4 Iron x 3 Iron Often found in
Oxygen x 4 Taconite Pellets
that is used to
produce Iron and
Steel.
 Hematite Fe2O3 Iron x 2 Iron Used in the
Oxygen x 3 production of
pigments and
radiation shielding.
Rutile TiO2 Titanium x 1 Titanium Used in refractory
Oxygen 2 ceramics, also
powdered rutile is
used for paints
and plastics

7. The mineral galena contains the elements lead and sulfur combined in a 1:1 ratio. Half the
atoms in the mineral are lead. Pyrite has iron and sulfur combined in a 1:2 ratio; only one
third of the atoms are iron. Fill in the columns headed ‘How many atoms of each element are
present in the formula’ and ‘Useful element’ in Table 2 (above). Use your Periodic Table to
help you.
8. Which of the minerals chalcopyrite and chalcocite contains the highest proportion of copper
atoms? (Hint. Add up the number of different atoms in each mineral and work out how many
of them are copper atoms).
9. Suggest which copper mineral would be most profitable to mine for copper? Give a reason
why you cannot be certain about your prediction.
10. Use your research skills to find out about the uses of the elements in the ‘Useful
element’ column of Table 2 and put them in the ‘Uses’ column of this table.
 PATEROS CATHOLIC SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
F. Imson St., San Pedro, Pateros, Metro Manila SY
2020-2021

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

ACTIVITY TASK SHEET No. 2C

Learning Competencies:
• The learners identify common rock‐forming minerals using their physical and
chemical properties (S11ES‐Ic‐5)

Name of Student: Buenaflor, Remley Anne A. Grade and Section: XII – St. Honore

Rocks and the Rock Cycle

1. What is a rock?
Naturally occurring materials made up of minerals and is classified into it’s
different forms.

A. Metamorphic Rocks –
Are former sedimentary rocks turn to metamorphic because of the increase in pressure
and temperature.
B. Igneous Rocks –
Formed from a solidified lava or magma.
From the word “ignis” which means fire since these rocks were from a volcanic activity.
C. Sedimentary Rocks –
Rock resulted from uplifting and weathering, then are transported in
different areas.
 2. Describe the rock cycle by following the chronological order of processes
involved.

answers:
1. The natural occurrence or stage where rocks are formed.
2. Uplifting and erosion causes the rocks to be sedimentary and to be distributed in
areas.
3. Applying pressure and change of temperature to sedimentary rocks to metamorphose
it.
4. Metamorphic rocks are formed. Remelting.
5. Igneous formed.

3. What is a Space Rocks

Are called as either asteroids, comets, or meteoroids floating around the universe. Are
rocks from outer space, some that have entered here in Earth’s atmosphere are called
meteors.
 BASALT
- Usually dark-colored and fine-
Grained, composed of plagioclase
and pyroxene.
- Formed at many active riffs.
- Most of the times is crushed and is
used for road bases, aggregate, and
aspalt.
MARBLE
- It is produced when limestone
Undergoes the process of
metamorphism.
- Form at Convergent plate boundaries
Where Earth’s crust is exposed to
Regional metamorphism.
- Used as a railroad bed, building foundation,
or just simply a material for any construction.
GRANITE
- The most known Igneous rock, and
often found in many everyday things.
and mainly composed of quartz and
feldspar with a little amount of mica.
- Most of earth’s continental crust is
granite and is formed in continents’
core.
-Mostly used in buildings, bridges, and
other exterior projects.
ANTHRACITE
- The highest rank of coal and also has the
highest heating value per ton.
– First discovered in Pennsylvania, US
but now, big anthracite production is in
China.
– Used for domestic fuel in stoves, or
stoker furnaces.
 LIMESTONE
- Composed of CaCO3
- Commonly found in warm,
Clear, and shallow marine waters.
- Used for making construction
materials.
BARIUM
- Is a soft, silvery-alkaline metal.
- It is found in “barite” that when
Heated is used to from Barium Sulfide.
- Used in X-rays, fireworks, and glass
making.
ROCK SALT
- Also known as “Halite” and it’s
chemical name is Sodium Chloride.
– Usually found in ocean waters, lakes,etc.
- where arid climates and water evaporates.
– Used as a nutrient and seasonings for humans.
and used to control snow accumulation on
winter season in different countries.
COPPER
– Is mined most of the times in an open-pit
mines.
– A malleable and ductile metal that has
high electrical conductivity.
– Mostly used as an electrical equipment
like wirings.
 GOLD
- A dense and lustrous yellow metal.
- Usually found embedded on quartz
veins and placer stream gravel.
- Used for jewelry and electronics making.
NICKEL
– Found in meteorites and ocean floors in
lumps of minerals called sea floor nodules.
– A silver-white and lustrous metal with a
tinge of gold color.
-Is used to make currency like coins, utensils,
and alloys.