Gazi University 09.03.

2021
Department of Chemical Engineering
ChE-222 Fluid Mechanics
2020-2021 II. Semester

Problem Set-1

1. Calculate the force exerted by 5lb mass in terms of the following;

a-) Lb force (English Units)
b-) Dynes (cgs Units)
c-) Newtons (SI Units)

2. A vacuum of 25 kPa is measured at a location where the elevation is 3000 m. What is the
absolute pressure in millimeters of mercury?

3. Convert each of the following items into acceptable SI units.

(a) 60 mi/h (b) 35 lb/in2 (c) 2 g/cm3 (d) 20 ft3/min (e) 50 kW∙h

4. Calculate the velocity of a train moves at a speed of 120km/h in terms of ft/s.

5. What is the gage pressure for a submarine at 500ft deep in the sea? (assume sea water
Spesific Gravity [SG] constant is; 1.02
PS: Use English Unit System

6. A U-tube manometer is connected to a closed tank containing air and water as shown in

the following figure. At the closed end of the manometer the air pressure is 16psia.

Determine the reading on the pressure gage for a differential reading of 4ft on the

manometer. Express your answer in psi (gage). Assume standard atmospheric pressure, and

neglect the weight of the air columns in the manometer.

P.S: Use English Unit (fps) system for calculations.

7. In the following figure, mercury (Hg) manometer is used to measure the pressure difference
between the points M and N. Water occupies the space above the Hg.
 (a) What is the pressure difference between these two points?
(b) Which pressure is higher, PM or PN ?
(c) If N is open to the atmosphere, what is the gage pressure (in psi) at M.

8. The level of toluene (a flammable hydrocarbon) in a storage tank may fluctuate between 10
and 400 cm from the top of the tank. Since it is impossible to see inside the tank, an open
end manometer with water or the mercury as the manometer fluid is to be used to determine
the toluene level. One leg of the manometer is attached to the tank 500 cm from the top. A
nitrogen blanket at atmospheric pressure is maintained over the tank contents

(a) When the toluene level in the tank is 150 cm below the top (h=150 cm), The manometer
fluid level in the open arm is at the height of the point where the manometer connect to the
tank. What manometer readings, R(cm), would be observed at the extremes of the toluene
level with water as the manometer fluid? What would the readings be if the manometer fluid
were mercury? Which manometer fluid would you use, and why?

(b) Briefly describe how the system would work if the manometer were simply filled with
toluene. Give several advantages of using the fluid you choose in part (a) over using toluene.

(c) What is the purpose of the nitrogen blanket?

Density of toluene= 0.866 g/cm3

R
toluene

Monometerfluid
(H2O or Hg)

9.Determine the change in the elevation of

the mercury in the left leg of the
manometer in the figure as a result of an
increase in pressure of 5 psi in pipe A while
the pressure in pipe B remains constant.

10..The differantial mercury manometer in

the figure is connected to pipe A containing
gasoline (SG= 0.65), and top ipe B containing
water. Determine the differantial reading,
h, corresponding to a pressure in A of 20
kPa and a vacuum of 150 mm-Hg in B.

11. The closed tank in the figure is filled

with water and is 5 ft long. The pressure
gage on the tank reads 7 psi. Determine: (a)
the height, h, in the open water column, (b)
the gage pressure acting on the bottom tank
surface AB and (c) the absolute pressure of
the air in the top of the tank if the local
atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia.

12. Examine Figure 1. Given that a=7.5 in. and b=12 in., what is the height of the water in the
right hand vessel? Density ofthe CCl4 is 1.6 g/cm3.
13. When measuring small pressure differences with a
manometer, one arm of the manometer may be inclined to
improve the accuracy of the reading. (The pressure
difference is still proportional to the vertical distance and
not the actual length of the fluid along the tube.) The air
pressure in a circular duct is to be measured using a
manometer whose open arm is inclined 35 degrees from the
horizontal. The density of the liquid in the manometer is
0.81 kg/L, and the vertical distance between the fluid levels
in the two arms of the manometer is 8 cm. Determine the
gage pressure of air in the duct and the length of the fluid
column in the inclined arm above the fluid level in the
vertical arm.

14. A multifluid container is connected to a U-tube. For the

given specific gravities and fluid column heights, determine
the gage pressure at A. Also determine the height of a
mercury column that would create the same pressure at A.

15. The closed tank in the figure is filled with water and is
5 ft long. The pressure gage on the tank reads 7 psi.
Determine: (a) the height, h, in the open water column, (b)
the gage pressure acting on the bottom tank surface AB
and (c) the absolute pressure of the air in the top of the
tank if the local atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia.
16. The U-tube shown in Figure contains oil and water
columns, between which there a king trapped air bubble.
For the indicated heights of the column, find the specific
gravity of the oil.

17. Small differences in gas pressures are commonly measured with a micromanometer of the
type illustrated in the figure. This device consists of two large reservoirs each having a cross-
sectional area Ar which are filled with a liquid having a specific weight γ1 and a connected by a U-
tube of cross-sectional area At containing a liquid of specific weight γ2. When a differential gas
pressure, p1-p2, is applied, a differential reading, h, develops. It is desired to have this reading
sufficiently large (so that it can be easily read) for small pressure differentials. Determine the
relationship between h and p1-p2 when the area ratio At/Ar is small and show that the
differential reading, h, can be magnified by making the difference in specific weights, γ1 - γ2,
small. Assume that initially (with p1 = p2) the fluid levels in the two reservoirs are equal.

18. Determine the elevation difference, Δh, between the water levels in the two open tanks
shown in the figure below
19. A u-tube manometer is connected to a closed tank as shown in the figure. The air pressure in
the tank is 0,5 psi and the liquid in the tank is oil (γ= 54.0 lb/ft3). The pressure at point A is
2.00 psi. Determine: (a) the depth of oil, z, and (b) the differential reading, h, on the
manometer.

20. Whole milk at 293 K having a density of 1030 kg/ m3 and viscosity of 2.12 cp is flowing at
the rate of 0.605 kg/s in a glass pipe having a diameter of 63.5 mm.
a. Calculate the Reynolds number and determine the flow regime.
b. Calculate the flow rate needed in m3 /s for a Reynold number of 2100 and the
velocity in m/s.

21. An oil is being pumped inside a 10.0 mm diameter pipe at a Reynolds number of 2100. The oil
density is 855 kg/m3 and the viscosity is 2.1X10-2Pa.s.
a) What is the velocity in the pipe?
b) It is desired to maintain the same Reynold Number of 2100 and the same velocity as in
part (a) using a second fluid with a density of 925 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 1.5X10-2Pa.s.
What pipe diameter should be used?

22. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the cylindrical tank of Figure, filled to a
depth of H with crude oil, with its free surface exposed to the atmosphere? The specific
gravity of the crude oil is 0.846. Calculate for (a) H = 15.0 ft (pressure in lbf/in2), and (b) H =
5.0 m (pressure in Pa and bar). What is the purpose of the surrounding dike?
23. A manometer connects an oil pipeline and a water pipeline as shown in Figure. Determine the
difference in pressure between the two pipelines using the readings on the manometer. Use
SGoil = 0.86 and SGHg = 13.6.

24. What is the pressure of the air section of the tank in the figure (Pa)? Patm=650mmHg.
S.G. of oil is 0.85, T=25 oC,

25. A multi-component manometer system to estimate A and B pressures is not practical but
good for examination. For this system A and B tanks contains insoluble gases and left side
of the manometer contains water as right side holds oil and mercury. Calculate the pressure
difference between A and B gasses? PA – PB = ?
Density of gas phase can be neglected. System is at 25oC
26. The highest place on earth is the top of Himalaya mountains between the borders of Nepal
and Tibet where altitude is 8848m. Calculate the pressure at this point by assuming average
temperature is 273K.

27. A manometer is attached to a vertically placed pipe as seen

in the figure. Calculate the pressuredifference between
points A and B. S.G. of the liquid is 0.87

27. 28. A and B tanks contains water and manometer

contains oil which has a specific gravity of 0.8.
a ) What is the result of PA - PB ?
b ) If PB equals to 0.7atm-abs and Patm= 650mmHg,
what is the gage pressure of tank A ?