Fluid statics

1. What is the difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure?

2. Someone claims that the absolute pressure in a liquid of constant density doubles when the depth is
doubled. Dom you agree? Explain.
3. Show that 1 kgf/cm2 _ 14.223 psi.
4. A vacuum gage connected to a tank reads 30 kPa at a location where the barometric reading is 755
mmHg. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank. Ans: 70.6 kPa.
5. The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 5 m is read to be 145 kPa. Determine (a) the local
atmospheric pressure, and (b) the absolute pressure at a depth of 5 m in a liquid whose specific gravity is
0.85 at the same location.
6. A mercury manometer is connected to an air duct to measure the pressure inside. The difference in the
manometer levels is 15 mm, and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. (a) Judging from Fig. 1, determine
if the pressure in the duct is above or below the atmospheric pressure. (b) Determine the absolute
pressure in the duct.

Fig. 1

7. A multi fluid container is connected to a U-tube, as shown in Fig. 2. For the given specific gravities and
fluid column heights, determine the gage pressure at A. Also determine the height of a mercury column
that would create the same pressure at A. Answers: 0.471 kPa, 0.353 cm

Fig. 2

8. Blood pressure is usually measured by wrapping a closed air-filled jacket equipped with a pressure gage
around the upper arm of a person at the level of the heart. Using a mercury manometer and a
stethoscope, the systolic pressure (the maximum pressure when the heart is pumping) and the diastolic
pressure (the minimum pressure when the heart is resting) are measured in mmHg. The systolic and
 diastolic pressures of a healthy person are about 120 mmHg and 80 mmHg, respectively, and are
indicated as 120/80. Express both of these gage pressures in kPa, atm, bar, psi, and meter water column.
9. Consider a U-tube (Fig. 3) whose arms are open to the atmosphere. Now water is poured into the U-tube
from one arm, and light oil (density 790 kg/m3) from the other. One arm contains 70-cm-high water,
while the other arm contains both fluids with an oil-to-water height ratio of 6. Determine the height of
each fluid in that arm.

Fig. 3
10. The lower half of a 10-m-high cylindrical container (Fig. 4) is filled with water and the upper half with
oil that has a specific gravity of 0.85. Determine the pressure difference between the top and bottom of
the cylinder. Answer: 90.7 kPa

Fig. 4
11. A vertical cylindrical settler-separator is to be designed for separating a mixture flowing at 20.0 m3/h
and containing equal volumes of a light petroleum liquid (ρB = 875 kg/m3) and a dilute solution of wash
water (ρ A = 1050 kg/m3). Laboratory experiments indicate a settling time of 15 min is needed to
adequately separate the two phases. For design purposes use a 25-min settling time and calculate the size
of the vessel needed, the liquid levels of the light and heavy liquids in the vessel, and the height hA2 of
the heavy liquid overflow. Assume that the ends of the vessel are approximately flat, that the vessel
diameter equals its height, and that one-third of the volume is vapor space vented to the atmosphere. Use
the nomenclature given in Fig. 5. Answer: 1.537 m

Fig. 5