RRL

The majority of reviewed literature agrees that designing dike and construction plays an
important role in mitigating floods. The presence and durability of dikes are frequently
necessary to safeguard low-lying areas from floods however due to the climate change and
increase of sea water level dike no longer satisfy the safety standards stated by majority of the
study. Slope instability and overtopping are one of the major reasons for dike failures.
Overtopping is the when the water exceeds the height of the dike causing flooding and the inner
slope to erode which leads to slope instability but according to some study slope instability are
also cause by water seepage where the water seeps into the subsoil and dike, raising pressure
heads and weakening the soil's ability to withstand stress. Various study have tested different
methods such as hard engineering and soft engineering construction and nature-based solution
the results of each method indeed show improvement however each method has its weakness
hard engineering construction ensure the durability and longevity of the dike but it is not cost
efficient, soft engineering construction has a natural look and low cost but it always need to have
an maintenance, nature-based solution helps to reduce climate change and land preservation
however its reliability varies from the ecosystem.

RRS

By examining the related studies, we gain a comprehensive understanding on how to overcome

the common problems in dike. Our review of related studies will be organized into several
keywords, including design of dike, flood hazard and estimation, ductile dike, evaporation
induced cracks and precipitation, overtopping, effect of soil types, erosion resistance, enhancing
reliability of dikes, and dike infrastructure resilience. Majority of the related studies methods
focuses on increasing the reliability of the dike and reinforcement by introducing other elements
to the slope of the dike. Adding roughness from the rock armor significantly reduces the
overtopping discharge. The soil resistance of the dike is increased by adding vegetation and
reducing the cracking during drought. However these studies did not show the consideration of
the ecological, cost-effectiveness and climate change adaptation.

Conceptual Framework

The problems we identified through our research are flooding, overtopping, and soil erosion.

To solve these problems, we will conduct site assessment. This is the evaluation of the site
condition and aims to gather information about the river's characteristics, conditions that involve
thorough evaluation and analysis of various aspects related to the river and its surrounding
environment. We will also conduct hydraulic and hydrological analysis to measure and
investigate the water current, quantity, and pressure, and to analyze the scope of flood to estimate
the design flood discharge for the specified return period. We will also calculate the total design
inflow to the area, considering both the river discharge and the rainfall. For the structural
assessment, we will evaluate the structure to ensure the safety and longevity of a building or
structure. And cost estimation, to calculate the total amount of the project from materials to
labor.
The result from this research effort would be the newly proposed dike design that will undergo a
comparative analysis with the current dike design allowing for an in-depth assessment of the
potential improvements and benefits.

Hypothesis

The possible outcome of the proposed dike design is it can be cost efficient and does improve
dike design or it will not be cost efficient and does not improve dike design.

The next slide would be presented by Ms. Leonor