MAKAL

AH

KE
TARBI
YAHAN

TE
NTANG

F
AHAMKE
AGAMAANP
ERTI

OL
EH

KE
LEMP
OK:
8

MI
AAUDI
NANS
T

E
LIZAG
USP
ITA

S
UCI
ELF
IANTI

DOS
ENP
ENG
AMP
U

Dr
.SAHARMAN,
MA.

J
URUS
ANP
ENDI
DI
KANAG
AMAI
SLAM
S
EKOL
AHTINGG
I AG
AMAI
SLAMYAYAS
ANTARBI
YAH
I
SLAMIYAH

P
ADANG

2023
 A.P
eng
ert
ia
nAs
waj
a

Na
hda
tulUl
amame
rup
aka
nor
gan
isa
sii
sl
amt
erb
esa
rdi
Ind
one
si
a

b
ahk
an d
uni
a y
ang me
nga
nuta
jar
an a
swa
ja. As
waj
ame
rup
aka
n

s
ing
kat
and
ariAh
luS
unn
ahWa
lJa
ma’
ah y
ang

me
mil
ik
iar
ti:

1. Me
nur
utBa
has
a(E
ti
mol
ogi
s,L
ugh
owi
)

a
. Ka
taAh
lua
rti
nyak
elu
arg
a,k
omu
nit
asa
taup
eng
iku
t.

b
.Ka
taAs
-su
nna
har
ti
nyak
ebi
asa
ana
taup
eri
la
kuk
ehi
dup
an

y
angd
iaj
ark
ano
lehn
abi
muh
amma
d.

c
. Wa
l-j
ama
’ah
,be
ras
ald
ari
kat
aij
ti
ma’
(pe
rku
mpu
lan
).

j
ama
’ah
.Ad
ala
hse
kel
omp
oko
ran
gba
nya
kda
ndi
kat
aka
n

s
eke
lomp
okma
nus
iay
angb
erk
ump
ulb
erd
asa
rka
nsa
tu

t
uj
uan
.1

2.Me
nur
utI
st
il
ah(
Ter
min
olo
gi)

S
eca
rat
ermi
nol
ogia
swa
jaa
taua
hlis
unn
ah wa
lja
ma’
ah

a
dal
ahg
olo
nga
nya
ngme
ngi
kut
iaj
ara
nra
sul
ul
la
h(b
aikp
erk
ata
an,

p
erb
uat
an,t
aqr
ir/ k
ete
tap
an) d
an p
aras
aha
bat
-s
aha
bat
nya

p
ada ma
sa k
hul
afa
ur’ r
asy
din
.Me
nur
utI
mam As
y’a
ri

As
waj
aad
ala
hgo
lon
gany
angb
erp
ega
ngt
egu
hke
pad
aAl
-qu
r’a
n,

h
adi
st
,da
nap
aya
ngd
iri
way
atk
ans
aha
bat
,ta
bi’
i
n,I
mam-
ima
m

h
adi
sda
nap
a

y
angd
isa
mpa
ika
nol
eh Ab
u Ab
dil
la
h Ah
mad I
bn

1 Mu
cht
obHa
mza
h,d
kkP
e
,ng
ant
ars
tu
dyAs
waj
aAn
-Na
hdl
iy
ah,(
Yog
yak
art
a:L
kis
,Ce
t.12017)
,ha
l
40.
 Mu
hamma
dIb
nHa
nba
l.P
aha
mas
waj
adip
elo
por
iol
eh

Ab
ulHa
sanAl
-As
y’a
rid
anAb
uMa
nsu
ral
-Ma
tur
idi
.
2

B.Aj
ara
nAs
waj
a

Aj
ara
nas
waj
aad
a3,
yai
tu
:

1.I
sl
am

I
sl
ama
dal
aha
gama a
ll
ahy
angd
it
uru
nka
nun
tukma
nus
iay
ang

d
ida
lamn
ya t
erd
apa
t p
edo
man a
tau a
tur
an k
eba
hag
ian d
an

k
ese
lama
tand
uni
ada
nak
hir
at.I
sl
ama
dal
aho
ran
gya
ngb
ers
aks
iti
ada

t
uha
nse
lai
nal
la
hda
nMu
hamma
dut
usa
nal
la
h,me
nge
rja
kan

s
emu
ape
rin
tahd
anme
nja
uhis
emu
ala
ran
gan
nya
.

2.I
man(
Aqi
dah
).

I
mana
dal
ahk
eya
kin
anh
atis
eor
ang mu
kmi
nte
rha
dapk
ebe
nar
an

a
jar
an-
aja
rani
sl
am.Ba
ikme
li
put
iha
l-h
alt
ent
angk
etu
han
an,k
ena
bia
n

d
ant
ent
angh
al-
halg
aiby
angd
ij
el
ask
an

d
ala
mal
-qu
ran

d
anh
adi
st
.Se
per
ti
:p
erc
ayak
epa
daa
ll
ah,
mal
ai
kat
,ki
ta
bal
la
h,

r
asu
l,q
adad
anq
ada
r.

3.I
hs
an(
Tas
awu
f)

Ta
sawu
fad
ala
hus
ahau
ntu
kme
nja
gah
atid
ala
mbe
rpr
il
akud
an

b
ert
in
gka
hla
kus
el
al
ume
nuj
usa
tuh
ara
pany
ait
ume
ngh
ara
p

r
idh
oal
la
h.Ha
lit
ute
rwu
judd
eng
anme
nge
tah
uis
el
ukb
elu
k

2Ma
rzu
qi,
Ahma
ddP
e
k
knd
idi
kana
hlu
sun
nahwa
lja
maa
’ah(
Sur
aba
ya:
ti
mlpma
ari
fNU2016)
 p
eny
aki
tha
tid
anme
ngo
bat
in
yad
eng
ans
ena
nti
asab
ermu
jah
ada
h

d
eng
ana
mal
bai
kse
rtas
el
al
ube
rmu
naj
atk
epa
daa
ll
ah.
3

C
.Aq
ida
hAs
waj
a

Aq
ida
had
ala
hsu
atup
oko
kat
aud
asa
rke
yak
ina
nya
ngh
aru
s

d
ipe
gan
gol
eho
ran
gya
ngme
mpe
rca
yai
nya
.Aq
ida
hAs
waj
aad
ala
h

a
qid
ahy
angme
mil
ik
iun
sur
-un
sura
qid
ahi
sl
amy
angr
ele
vand
an

d
it
eri
mab
aiko
lehd
ali
lna
qli
mau
puna
qli
.Aq
ida
has
waj
aad
ala
h

a
qid
ahi
sl
ams
end
iri
yai
tua
qid
ahy
angd
iya
kin
ira
sul
ul
la
hsa
w,p
ara

s
aha
bat
,ul
amai
sl
am,
danp
ene
rus
nyah
ing
gas
eka
ran
gya
ngt
erh
ind
ar

d
ari
ber
bag
aima
camb
id’
aha
qid
ahy
angme
nyi
mpa
ngd
ari
nya
.

Tu
jua
naq
ida
has
waj
aya
it
u,Me
mup
ukd
anme
nge
mba
ngk
and
asa
r

k
etu
han
any
anga
das
ej
akl
ahi
rda
nme
mel
ih
arama
nus
iad
ari

k
emu
sry
ika
nda
nme
ngh
ind
arid
irid
ari
pen
gar
uha
kal
pik
ira
nya
ng

me
nye
sat
kan
.4

3 Mu
hamma
dAb
dur
i
l
,s
al
aht
auh
id(
Ja
kar
ta:
Bul
anBi
nt
ang
,1976)h
al,
257.
4I
mamTa
ufi
kMa
te
rid
asa
rNU(
Aswa
ja)
,Se
mar
ang
,PWL
PMa
’ri
fa
tNUJ
awaTe
nga
h,2002.
 D.To
koh
-To
kohAs
waj
a

1.DiBi
dan
gAq
ida
h

a
.Ab
uHa
sanAl
Asy
ari

Ab
u Ha
san AlAs
yar
iad
ala
hse
ora
ngk
etu
run
and
aris
aha
bat

r
asu
lul
la
hSAW,b
el
ia
ula
hird
iBa
sra
hpa
dat
ahu
n260 H/873M.d
an

wa
fatd
iBa
ghd
adp
adat
ahh
un324 H/935M.Ay
ahb
el
ia
ube
rna
ma

I
sma
ils
eor
angu
lamaa
hlih
adi
sty
angme
nga
nutp
aha
mas
waj
a.Ab
uHa
san

AlAs
yar
ime
ngi
kut
iaj
ara
nmu
kta
sil
ahh
ing
gab
eru
sia 40 t
ahu
nna
mun

s
et
el
ahs
eki
anl
amab
eli
auk
elu
ard
ari
ali
ranmu
kta
sil
ah,d
il
at
arb
ela
kan
gi

o
lehk
eti
dak
pua
sana
las
yar
ite
rha
dapp
aha
m mu
kta
sil
ahy
angs
el
al
u

me
nda
hul
uka
nak
alt
et
apit
id
akj
ara
ng me
nemu
kanj
al
anb
unt
uda
n

mu
dahd
ipa
tah
kan

d
eng
ana
rgu
men
tas
iak
aly
angs
ama
.

b
.Ab
uMa
nsy
urAlMa
tur
idi

Ab
uMa
nsy
ur AlMa
tur
idia
dal
ahs
ala
hsa
tut
oko
hte
olo
gii
sl
am

y
angme
nga
nuta
swa
ja,
bel
ia
udi
la
hir
kand
iMa
tur
ids
ebu
ah

k
otak
eci
ldiS
ama
rkh
ans
eka
ran
gdi
se
butd
eng
anUz
bek
ist
an.

me
nur
utHa
runNa
sut
io
nbe
li
aul
ahi
rpa
dat
ahu
n248H/862M.5

5 M,
S
uba
idP
e
i
,nd
idi
kana
gamai
sl
am:
Aswa
jaNa
hdl
ii
yah
(NU)k
udu
s:Di
taKu
rni
a,2016.
 2.DiBi
dan
gFi
qi
h

a
.Ima
mHa
naf
i

Na
maa
sli
nyaAb
uHa
nif
ahNu
’ma
nib
nTs
abi
t,l
ahi
rdiI
rakp
ada

t
ahu
n80 H/699 M.Be
li
aud
ige
la
ria
buh
ani
fa
h(s
ucil
uru
s)k
are
na

k
esu
ngg
uha
nny
ada
lamb
eri
bad
ah s
ej
akk
eci
l,b
era
khl
akmu
li
a,s
ert
a

me
nja
uhip
erb
uat
and
osad
ank
eji
.Ima
mAb
uHa
nif
adi
ken
als
eba
gaio
ran
g

y
angs
ang
att
eku
nda
lamme
mpe
laj
arii
lmu

f
iq
ih.
6

b.I
mamMa
li
ki

I
mamMa
li
kil
ahi
rdiMa
din
aht
ahu
n93H/712M,d
anwa
fat
tah
un

179 H/796 M.b

el
ia
ube
ras
ald
arik
el
uar
gaAr
abt
er
hor
mat
,be
rst
at
us

s
osi
alt
in
ggib
aiks
ebe
lumd
ans
es
uda
hda
tan
gny
ais
lam.I
mamMa
li
ksa
nga
t

c
int
ate
rha
dapi
lmus
ehi
ngg
aha
mpi
rse
lur
uhh
idu
pny
adi
abd
ika
nda
lam

d
uni
ape
ndi
di
kan
.Me
nur
uts
ebu
ah

r
iwa
atd
is
ebu
tka
nmu
ridI
mamMa
li
kme
nca
pai1300o
ran
g.7

c
.Ima
mSy
afi
’
i

I
mamS
yaf
i’
ila
hirp
adat
ahu
n150Hb
ert
epa
tand
eng
ant
ahu
ndi
man

a
Ima
m Ab
uHa
nif
ame
nin
gga
ldu
nia
,be
li
aud
il
ahi
rka
ndiGa
zza
h.Ke
ti
ka

I
mamS
yaf
i’
ibe
rumu
rku
ran
gle
bihs
epu
luht
ahu
nib
uny
ame
mba
wan
yak
e

Me
kka
h,k
eti
kai
tub
eli
aut
el
ahh
afa
lal

q
ura
n.DiMe
kka
hbe
li
aub
any
akme
nda
pat
kanh
adi
std
ariu
lama
-

6Y
u
sra
nAs
mun Peng
ant
arSt
udi
Sej
ara
hKebu
daya
anIs
lam(PTGrap
ind
oPe
rsa
da:J
aka
rta)
1996.
7
Hu
snaHu
sai
niIs
la
misa
siNu
san
tar
aJu
rna
lPe
ndi
di
kanSe
ja
rahIs
la
m,2016.Ha l25
 u
lamah
adi
st
,me
nur
utAr
rab
iIma
mSy
afi
’
iwa
fatp
adama
lam

j
um’
att
ahu
n204H.
8

d
.Ah
madb
inHa
mba
l

Ah
madb
inHa
mba
lbe
li
aul
ahi
rdiBa
ghd
adp
adat
ahu
n164Hb
ula
n

r
abi
ula
wal
,ay
ahn
yawa
fatk
eti
kab
eli
aub
eru
mur3t
ahu
n

d
anb
eli
auwa
fatk
eti
kab
eru
mur70t
ahu
n.9

3.DiBi
dan
gTa
sawu
f

a
.AlG
haz
ali

AlGh
aza
lil
ahi
rdiGh
azl
ahs
ebu
ahk
otaI
ranp
adat
ahu
n450 h

/1058 m. Ti
ga t
ahu
n s
et
el
ah k
aum S
alj
uk me
nga
mbi
lal
ih

k
eku
asa
and
iBa
ghd
ad.Ay
aha
lgh
aza
lime
rup
aka
nse
ora
ngmu
sli
m

y
angt
aatd
anme
nin
gga
lsa
atp
utr
any
ama
sihb
ayi
,s
ebe
lumme
ngi
nj
ak

u
sia15 t
ahu
n,AlGh
aza
lime
ngu
asa
iba
has
ada
nta
tab
aha
saa
rab
,al

q
ura
n,h
adi
st
,fi
qi
hse
rtaa
spe
k-a
spe
kpe
mik
ira
npu
isis
ufi
.AlGh
aza
li

b
erg
uruk
epa
daI
mam AlJ
uai
nih
ing
game
ngu
asa
iil
muma
nth
iq,k
ala
m,

f
iq
ihu
shu
lfi
qi
h,
fi
ls
afa
t,t
asa
wuf
,da
nre
tor
ikap
erd
eba
tan
.10Alg
haz
ali

wa
fatd
iTh
usp
ada

t
ang
gal19d
ese
mbe
r1111m.

b
.Sy
ekhJ
una
idAl
Bag
hda
d

S
yek
hJu
nai
dAlBa
ghd
adl
ahi
rdiNi
hawa
nd,P
ers
ia,t
et
api

k
elu
arg
any
abe
rmu
kimd
iBa
ghd
adt
emp
ati
abe
laj
arh
uku
mis
la
m

8I
dru
sRa
mli
,Mu
hamma
dma
zha
bala
sya
ri,
ben
ark
aha
hlu
sun
nahwa
lja
maa
h:j
awa
bant
erh
ada
pal
ir
ans
al
af
i,
S
ura
bay
a,2014.
9 Mu
hamma
dIq
bal
,Fi
qi
hsi
as
ah,
Jak
ara
ta,
gay
ame
di
apr
ata
ma.2021,h
al106.
10 Mu
jarI
bnuS
yar
if
,Ha
mamiZa
daf
iq
ihs
ia
sahd
okt
ri
nda
npe
mik
ira
npo
li
ti
kis
la
m,J
aka
rat
aEr
lan
gga
2007,h
al62.
 ma
zha
bima
msy
afi
’
i,d
ana
khi
rny
a me
nja
diq
adik
epa
lad
iBa
ghd
ad.

S
yek
hJu
nai
dAlBa
ghd
adme
mpe
laj
arii
lmut
asa
wufd
arip
ama
nyas
end
iri

y
ait
usy
ekhAsS
ariAsS
aqt
i.11S
yek
hJu
nai
dAlBa
ghd
add
ike
nals
eba
gai

t
oko
hsu
fiy
angs
ang
atme
nek
ank
anp
ent
in
gny
ake
sel
ara
sana
nta
rad
okt
ri
n

t
asa
wufd
eng
ank
aid
ah-

k
aid
ahs
yar
iahi
sl
am.

11 S
oli
hi
nMd
anAn
warRo
si
hon
,Il
muTa
swu
f,Ba
ndu
ngC
VPu
st
akaS
eti
a2008.
 BABI
I

P
ENUTUP

A.
Kes
imp
ula
n

As
waj
ame
rup
aka
nsi
ngk
ata
nda
riAh
luS
unn
ahWa
lJa
ma’
ah.
Sec
ara

t
ermi
nol
ogia
swa
jaa
taua
hlis
unn
ahwa
lja
ma’
aha
dal
ahg
olo
nga
nya
ng

me
ngi
kut
iaj
ara
nra
sul
ul
la
h(b
aikp
erk
ata
an,
per
bua
tan
,ta
qri
r/k
ete
tap
an)d
anp
ara

s
aha
bat
-s
aha
bat
nyap
adama
sak
hul
af
aur
’ra
syd
in.
Aja
rana
swa
jaa
da3,
yai
tu
,is
lam,

i
mand
ani
hsa
n.To
koh
-to
koha
swa
jad
ibi
dan
gaq
ida
h(a
bua
lha
sana
las
y’
arid
ana
bu

ma
nsu
ral
mat
uri
di
),
tok
ohd
ibi
dan
gfi
qi
h

(
ima
mha
naf
i,ma
li
ki
,s
yaf
i’
i,
danh
amb
al)
,di
bi
dan
gta
sawu
f(I
mamAl

g
haz
alid
anJ
una
idAl
Bag
hda
d).

B.S
ara
n

De
mik
ian p
emb
aha
san me
nge
nai a
swa
ja,p
ema
kal
ah b
erh
ara
ppe
mba
ca

d
apa
tme
nemu
kan ma
nfa
atd
arima
kal
ahi
ni
.Ji
kat
erd
apa
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lam

ma
kal
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ert
eri
mak
asi
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kap
emb
acas
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ran
ya

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apa
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mbe
rik
ank
rit
ik
ant
erh
ada
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kal
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ni
.
 DAF
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USTAKA

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L
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Mu
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P
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