1. MWhich of the following best describes culture?

a) The study of ancient civilizations b) The shared beliefs,

values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society c) The study of languages and
literature d) The art and music of a society

Answer: b

Explanation: Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group
or society.

2. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between culture and moral behavior? a) Culture
has no impact on moral behavior b) Moral behavior is solely determined by an individual's upbringing c)
Culture shapes our moral behavior by providing us with norms, values, and expectations d) Moral behavior is
innate and not influenced by culture

Answer: c

Explanation: Culture shapes our moral behavior by providing us with norms, values, and expectations. Our cultural
background influences how we perceive and respond to ethical dilemmas.

3. Which of the following is an example of how culture can shape our moral behavior? a) The belief that lying is
always wrong, regardless of the situation b) The belief that it is acceptable to cheat on a test to achieve a
good grade c) The belief that stealing is justified if it is done to help one's family d) The belief that it is wrong
to harm animals for any reason

Answer: c

Explanation: Cultural beliefs and values can shape our perception of what is right and wrong. In some cultures,
stealing may be viewed as acceptable if it is done to help one's family.

4. Which of the following is an example of an artifact that can represent a culture? a) A famous painting by an
artist b) A traditional dance performed at a wedding ceremony c) A religious text d) A historic monument

Answer: b

Explanation: Artifacts are tangible objects that represent a culture. A traditional dance performed at a wedding
ceremony is an example of an artifact.

5. Which of the following statements about culture is most accurate? a) Culture is a fixed and unchanging
concept b) All cultures are the same and share identical beliefs and values c) Culture can be shaped by
external factors such as globalization and migration d) Culture has no impact on our behavior or decision-
making

Answer: c

Explanation: Culture is not a fixed or unchanging concept, and it can be shaped by external factors such as
globalization and migration. Cultural beliefs and values can also influence our behavior and decision-making.

1. Which of the following best describes cultural relativism? a) The belief that one culture is superior to all
others b) The idea that moral and ethical standards are relative to the culture in which they are practiced c)
The belief that culture has no impact on our moral and ethical beliefs d) The notion that culture is an
objective and universal concept

Answer: b

Explanation: Cultural relativism is the idea that moral and ethical standards are relative to the culture in which they
are practiced, and that there are no objective, universal moral or ethical principles.

2. Which of the following is an advantage of recognizing cultural differences? a) It allows us to judge other
cultures based on our own cultural standards b) It helps us to understand and appreciate the diversity of
human experience c) It promotes a universal standard of morality and ethics d) It reinforces our own cultural
beliefs and values

Answer: b
Explanation: Recognizing cultural differences helps us to understand and appreciate the diversity of human
experience, and allows us to avoid ethnocentrism and cultural imperialism.

3. Which of the following is a danger of the cultural relativist position? a) It can lead to a lack of respect for
other cultures and their beliefs b) It can result in the acceptance of practices that are harmful or immoral c)
It can lead to cultural homogenization and the loss of cultural diversity d) It can promote a universal
standard of morality and ethics

Answer: b

Explanation: The cultural relativist position can lead to the acceptance of practices that are harmful or immoral, such
as female genital mutilation or honor killings, on the grounds that they are part of a culture's traditions.

4. Which of the following is an example of a practice that might be considered acceptable under cultural
relativism? a) Slavery b) Forced marriage c) Discrimination based on race or ethnicity d) Female genital
mutilation

Answer: d

Explanation: Cultural relativism holds that moral and ethical standards are relative to the culture in which they are
practiced. Therefore, a practice such as female genital mutilation might be considered acceptable under cultural
relativism if it is a part of a particular culture's traditions.

5. Which of the following statements about cultural relativism is most accurate? a) Cultural relativism denies
the existence of universal moral and ethical principles b) Cultural relativism promotes ethnocentrism and
cultural imperialism c) Cultural relativism is a fixed and unchanging concept d) Cultural relativism can lead to
a better understanding and appreciation of cultural differences

Answer: d

Explanation: Cultural relativism allows for a better understanding and appreciation of cultural differences, and
recognizes that moral and ethical standards are relative to the culture in which they are practiced.

1. Which of the following is a strength of Filipino moral character? a) Strong work ethic and sense of
responsibility b) Tendency to avoid confrontation and criticism c) Lack of emphasis on individualism d)
Tendency to prioritize personal interests over community well-being

Answer: a

Explanation: Filipino moral character is known for its strong work ethic and sense of responsibility, particularly in
relation to family and community.

2. Which of the following is a weakness of Filipino moral character? a) Tendency to value honesty and integrity
over loyalty to family and friends b) Tendency to prioritize personal relationships over merit and
qualifications c) Tendency to prioritize community well-being over personal interests d) Tendency to avoid
confrontation and criticism, even in situations where it is necessary

Answer: b

Explanation: Filipino moral character is sometimes criticized for placing too much emphasis on personal
relationships and connections, rather than merit and qualifications.

3. Which of the following is an example of a strength of Filipino moral character? a) Respect for authority and
hierarchy b) Tendency to prioritize individualism over community well-being c) Lack of emphasis on family
and interpersonal relationships d) Tendency to value honesty and integrity over personal interests

Answer: a

Explanation: Filipino moral character places a strong emphasis on respect for authority and hierarchy, particularly in
relation to elders and those in positions of power.

4. Which of the following is a weakness of Filipino moral character? a) Tendency to prioritize community well-
being over individual interests b) Tendency to be confrontational and critical in interpersonal relationships c)
 Tendency to be disloyal to family and friends d) Tendency to be too forgiving and tolerant of unethical
behavior

Answer: d

Explanation: Filipino moral character is sometimes criticized for being too forgiving and tolerant of unethical
behavior, particularly when it involves personal relationships or connections.

5. Which of the following statements about Filipino moral character is most accurate? a) Filipino moral
character is characterized by a strong emphasis on individualism and personal interests. b) Filipino moral
character places little value on honesty and integrity. c) Filipino moral character is characterized by a strong
sense of community and interconnectedness. d) Filipino moral character is resistant to change and
adaptation.

Answer: c

Explanation: Filipino moral character places a strong emphasis on community and interconnectedness, particularly in
relation to family and other social networks.

1. Which of the following is an example of a universal value? a) Respect for authority and hierarchy b)
Tolerance for unethical behavior c) Compassion and empathy for others d) Cultural relativism

Answer: c

Explanation: Compassion and empathy for others is considered a universal value because it transcends cultural,
religious, and ideological differences.

2. Which of the following statements about universal values is most accurate? a) Universal values are rooted in
specific cultural, religious, or ideological traditions. b) Universal values are relevant only to certain groups or
communities. c) Universal values are based on objective, universal principles that apply to all humans. d)
Universal values are based on subjective, arbitrary preferences that vary from person to person.

Answer: c

Explanation: Universal values are based on objective, universal principles that apply to all humans, regardless of
their cultural or social background.

3. Which of the following is a potential limitation of universal values? a) They can create conflicts and tensions
between different cultural, religious, or ideological groups. b) They can lead to moral relativism and
indifference to ethical standards. c) They can be imposed by dominant cultures or societies on marginalized
groups. d) They can undermine cultural diversity and pluralism.

Answer: c

Explanation: Universal values can be potentially problematic if they are imposed by dominant cultures or societies
on marginalized or minority groups, without taking into account their specific cultural or historical context.

4. Which of the following is an argument in favor of universal values? a) They provide a common basis for
ethical decision-making and moral discourse across different cultures and societies. b) They promote cultural
diversity and pluralism by recognizing the unique value of different cultural, religious, or ideological
traditions. c) They allow individuals and groups to define their own ethical standards based on their personal
beliefs and preferences. d) They reflect the natural diversity and complexity of human values and
aspirations.

Answer: a

Explanation: One of the main arguments in favor of universal values is that they provide a common basis for ethical
decision-making and moral discourse across different cultures and societies, thereby promoting cross-cultural
understanding and cooperation.

5. Which of the following is an example of a potential tension between universal values and cultural diversity?
a) The right to freedom of speech and expression versus the need to respect cultural and religious
 sensitivities. b) The value of individual autonomy and self-determination versus the value of community and
social cohesion. c) The principle of equality and non-discrimination versus the value of meritocracy and
social hierarchy. d) The obligation to respect human dignity and human rights versus the value of group
solidarity and loyalty.

Answer: a

Explanation: The tension between the right to freedom of speech and expression and the need to respect cultural
and religious sensitivities is a common example of the potential conflict between universal values and cultural
diversity, particularly in relation to issues of blasphemy, hate speech, or cultural appropriation.

1. Which of the following is true about the development of moral character? a) It is determined solely by
genetics and cannot be influenced by environment or upbringing. b) It is a purely conscious and deliberate
process that requires explicit moral education. c) It is shaped by both genetics and environment, including
family, peers, and cultural values. d) It is a fixed trait that cannot be changed or improved over time.

Answer: c

Explanation: Moral character is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors, including family, peers, and
cultural values.

2. Which of the following is an important factor in the development of moral character? a) Consistency in
following moral principles b) Strict adherence to social norms and conventions c) Avoidance of moral
conflicts or dilemmas d) Willingness to question and challenge existing moral beliefs and values

Answer: d

Explanation: Willingness to question and challenge existing moral beliefs and values is an important factor in the
development of moral character, as it allows individuals to reflect on their own values and beliefs, and to develop
more nuanced and complex moral reasoning.

3. Which of the following statements is true about the role of emotions in the development of moral
character? a) Emotions are irrelevant to moral character development. b) Emotions can interfere with
rational moral decision-making. c) Emotions can play a positive role in moral character development by
motivating moral behavior. d) Emotions are predetermined and cannot be influenced by moral education.

Answer: c

Explanation: Emotions can play a positive role in moral character development by motivating moral behavior and
providing a sense of empathy and connection with others.

4. Which of the following is an example of a social influence on the development of moral character? a)
Genetic predisposition towards honesty and integrity b) Exposure to diverse cultural and religious values c)
Innate sense of empathy and compassion for others d) Personal experiences of moral success and failure

Answer: b

Explanation: Exposure to diverse cultural and religious values can shape an individual's moral character by providing
a broader perspective on moral issues and values.

5. Which of the following is an example of an intentional strategy for promoting moral character development?
a) Encouraging conformity to social norms and conventions b) Punishing moral transgressions and rule-
breaking behavior c) Providing explicit moral education and instruction d) Avoiding moral conflicts or
dilemmas

Answer: c

Explanation: Providing explicit moral education and instruction is an intentional strategy for promoting moral
character development, as it can help individuals to reflect on their values and beliefs, and to develop more
sophisticated moral reasoning.
 1. Which of the following best describes a strength of Filipino moral character? a) A strong sense of community
and family ties b) A tendency towards individualism and self-reliance c) A lack of respect for authority and
traditional values d) A tendency towards aggression and violence

Answer: a

Explanation: One of the strengths of Filipino moral character is their strong sense of community and family ties,
which promote a culture of mutual support and solidarity.

2. Which of the following is a potential weakness of Filipino moral character? a) A strong sense of respect for
authority and hierarchy b) A tendency towards excessive conformity and groupthink c) A strong tradition of
independent thinking and critical inquiry d) A tendency towards assertiveness and conflict resolution

Answer: b

Explanation: One potential weakness of Filipino moral character is their tendency towards excessive conformity and
groupthink, which can limit individual expression and creativity.

3. Which of the following is an example of a cultural value that is important to Filipino moral character? a)
Respect for elders and authority figures b) Promotion of individualism and self-reliance c) Emphasis on
competition and personal achievement d) Emphasis on physical beauty and appearance

Answer: a

Explanation: Respect for elders and authority figures is an important cultural value in Filipino moral character,
reflecting their strong sense of hierarchy and respect for tradition.

4. Which of the following is an example of a challenge faced by Filipino moral character in a modern, globalized
world? a) Maintaining a strong sense of family and community ties b) Embracing a more individualistic and
self-reliant mindset c) Adapting to new technologies and cultural practices d) Embracing a more
confrontational and assertive communication style

Answer: b

Explanation: One of the challenges faced by Filipino moral character in a modern, globalized world is the need to
balance their traditional emphasis on community and family ties with a more individualistic and self-reliant mindset.

5. Which of the following best describes a potential benefit of Filipino moral character? a) A tendency towards
isolation and insularity b) A high tolerance for corruption and unethical behavior c) A strong sense of
empathy and compassion for others d) A lack of adaptability and willingness to change

Answer: c

Explanation: One potential benefit of Filipino moral character is their strong sense of empathy and compassion for
others, which promotes a culture of caring and social responsibility.