WACHEMO UNIVERSITY COLLAG OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINERING TECHNICAL REPORT OF MATERIAL HANDLING NAME ID NO_ 1.Shambel

Fentaw………………….12D0510 Date of submission, 14/12/2023
ii | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Above all I would like to thank my almighty GOD for his endless mercy, giving life and strength
to accomplish my report. Next, I also grateful to Bereket Bottled Drinking Company supervisors
Mr. Mesret for giving me important information and data about working department and those
gave me all necessary descriptions about the company whole working and processes and to all
operators for their openness and cooperative, also all workers especially in Labeling and
Packaging Machine for their help with ideas and for everything.
iii | P a g e Executive Summary
❖ Bereket bottled drinking plc is one of bottled drinking water company in Ethiopian and. It
began with the vision of supplying safe and healthy drinking water to all society. The main
product of the company is supplying clean and healthy bottled water in different size and litter.
The machinery for the bottling is purchased from China for over $1.5 million dollar. The plant
creates employment opportunity for up to 300 workers.

❖ Material handling equipment refers to a wide range of tools, vehicles, and machinery used
to move, store, and transport goods and materials within a manufacturing, distribution, or
logistics facility. Some common types of material handling equipment include conveyors,
forklifts, pallet jacks, cranes, hoists, and automated guided vehicles (AGVs).

❖ Material handling equipment can be powered by electricity, hydraulics, or pneumatics,

depending on the specific application and requirements. They can be operated manually, where
human operators control the equipment, or automatically, where they are programmed to
perform specific tasks.

❖ The use of material handling equipment offers several benefits. It helps to reduce labor costs
by minimizing the physical effort required to handle materials. It also improves safety by
reducing the risk of injuries associated with manual handling. Additionally, material handling
equipment increases productivity by enabling faster and more efficient movement of materials,
reducing downtime and delays in operations.

❖ In summary, material handling equipment plays a crucial role in various industries by

facilitating the movement, storage, and transportation of goods and materials. It enhances
efficiency, productivity, and safety in material handling operations, ultimately contributing to
the overall success of businesses.

iv | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….………iv

Acknowledgment…………………………………………….………………………...iv

Executive Summary………………………………………..………………………...iv

Table Of Content……………………………………………………..…….………….iv

CHAPTER ONE...............................................................................1

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................1

1.1 Historical Background.............................................................2

1.2 Products of Bereket bottled drinking water company….………2

1.3 Main customers……………………………………………………….…………..2

1.4 Objective of the company…………………………………….……………..2

1.5 Vision and Mission of the company…………………..………………..2

1.6 Goal…………………………………………………………………………..…………2

1.7 Overall organizational chart and management of the company………..….3

CHAPTER TWO………………………………………………………………………………..…..……...4

Visiting Material Handling Equipment………………………………………………………...4

2.1 Visiting in to the company………………………………………………….………………….4

2.2 Observation in the company…………………………………………….…………………..4

Material Handling Equipment………………………………………………….…………………4

CHAPTER THREE………………………………………………………………………….…………….15

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………..15

Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………………16

Append…………………………………………………………………………………….……………...17

1 | P a g e CHAPTER ONE
1. Introduction

1.1 Historical back ground

❖ Bereket bottled drinking water industry plc was established in 2011 in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. It began
with the vision of supplying safe and healthy clean drinking water to all society. Its location is in the
S/N/N/P of Ethiopia: Hadiya zone, Soro wereda particular location in bamboo rural area. which is 18KM
far from Hosanna town.

❖ Bereket bottled drinking water was stablished in the capital of 120million birr. The owner of this
company is Mr. Ayele Erkalo and the manager is Mr. Henok. Tena water plant encompasses three
hectares of land. the spring were found from big mountain named Shonkolla Mountain at 3000m. The
machinery for the bottling is purchased from china for over $1.5 million dollar. The plant creates
employment opportunity for up to 300 workers.

❖ As a corporation social responsibility, the management of the company plans to donate 0.2% of the
revenues for an orphanage. The implementation of production facility is all computerized at normal
condition but, manual interference is permitted if there is problem during drive to maintain. Here in this
factory there are modernized filters unit operation for instance, sand filter tank, activated carbon tank,
RO membrane, ozonation, chemistry lab, and microbiology lab which cooperate the WHO and and
Ethiopian standard agency rule. Fig.1.1 Bereket bottled plc.

2 | P a g e 1.2 Products of Bereket bottled drinking water company

❖ Currently the only product of the company is supplying clean and healthy standardized quality
bottled drinking water.

1.3 Main customers

❖ Bereket bottled drinking water Company products are well distributed by many sales branches which
found in the zone of Hadiya, region of S/N/N/P and in some town of Ethiopia.

1.4 Objective of the company

❖ The company is aimed to allocate the high safety standard water to our society that are subjected to
lack of pure drinking water and all those who are subjected to death by the reason of lack of pure water
to drink. In short, they in couple aimed to match the natural resource and those unemployed people and
allocating high safety standard drink water to the citizen so as to keep their life alive and stay healthy.

1.5 Vision and Mission of the company

1.5.1 Vision

❖ Tena spring water aiming to guarantee the highest safety standard for drinking water and ensure
attest that experience the life in every drop. 1.5.2 Mission

❖ We strived to establish pure bottled water production that employs a technology to improve water
quality and practices to conservation. 1.6 Goal

❖ The socio-economic development in haddiya zone in particular and the overall support development
well-being the country in general. Tena mineral water has customer focused orientation, prevalence of
accountability and has well trainers and counted work force.
3 | P a g e 1.7 Overall organizational chart and management of the company

❖ Tena natural spring water has three main categories to proceed its work properly. These are; general
manager, quality manager and technical manager. General manager manages the general work, the
quality manager manages production quality and the technical manager manage technical work. plant
manager
4 | P a g e CHAPTER TWO

Visiting Material Handling Equipment

2.1 Visiting in to the company

❖ During the time of visiting, the first step was to find the hosting company by applying for the
company. And this was a good opportunity for me to choose Bereket bottled drinking water company in
terms of knowledge, skill, location and technology transfer additional for the advantage of
transformation, so I choose this way and applied to Bereket bottled drinking water company.

2.2 Observation in the company

❖ I have spent my visiting period about the operational systems of Material Handling Equipment that
are used in Bereket bottled drinking water company.

Material Handling Equipment:

❖ Material handling equipment refers to a wide range of tools, vehicles, and machinery used in various
industries to handle, move, store, and transport goods and materials. These are designed to streamline
and optimize the process of material handling, making it more efficient, productive, and safe.
❖ Material handling is an integral part of many industries, including manufacturing, logistics,
warehousing, construction, and agriculture. It involves the movement, storage, control, and protection
of materials throughout the production and distribution process.

❖ Material handling equipment plays a crucial role in facilitating the smooth flow of materials within a
facility or between different locations. These are designed to handle a variety of materials, including raw
materials, components, finished products, and even hazardous substances.

5 | P a g e ❖ There are various types of material handling equipment available, each designed for
specific tasks and environments. Some common examples include conveyors, forklifts, pallet jacks,
cranes, hoists, and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). These can be powered by electricity, hydraulics,
or pneumatics, and can be operated manually or automatically.

❖ The use of material handling equipment offers several benefits. It helps to reduce labor costs by
minimizing the physical effort required to handle materials. It improves safety by reducing the risk of
injuries associated with manual handling. Additionally, material handling equipment increases
productivity by enabling faster and more efficient movement of materials, reducing downtime and
delays in operations. In a Bottled Drinking Water PLC (Public Limited Company), several material
handling equipment can be used to facilitate the handling, movement, and storage of bottled water
products. Here are some common examples:

1. Conveyor Systems:

❖ Conveyor systems are widely used in bottling plants to transport bottles from one process to another.
They can be equipped with various types of belts, such as flat belts or modular belts, to efficiently move
bottles through different stages of production, including filling, capping, labeling, and packaging.
2.1 Chain or rope Driven Belt Conveyor
6 | P a g e Working Principle of Belt Conveyor: ❖ A belt conveyor consists of two or more pulleys with
an endless loop of a continuous belt that rotates around them. The belt is supported by a series of idler
rollers, allowing it to move smoothly and carry materials from one end to the other. The pulleys are
powered by a motor, which drives the belt and facilitates the movement of materials along the
conveyor. Advantages of Belt Conveyor: 1. Versatility: Belt conveyors are highly versatile and can handle
a wide range of materials, from small and lightweight to large and heavy. They can transport items with
irregular shapes, sizes, and surfaces, making them suitable for various industries and applications. 2.
Efficiency and Productivity: Belt conveyors offer high efficiency and productivity by enabling continuous
and automated material handling. They can transport materials over long distances and at high speeds,
reducing the time and effort required for manual handling. 3. Cost-effective: Belt conveyors are
generally cost-effective compared to other types of conveyors. They have lower initial costs, require less
maintenance, and have lower energy consumption, resulting in reduced operational costs over time. 4.
Safety: Belt conveyors are designed with safety features to prevent accidents and injuries. These
features may include emergency stop buttons, safety guards, and sensors to detect blockages or
malfunctions. Proper training and maintenance further enhances safety. 5. Flexibility: Belt conveyors can
be customized and adapted to suit specific requirements. They can be designed with various belt widths,
lengths, and inclinations to fit different layouts and spaces. Additionally, accessories such as side guides,
cleats, and diverters can be added to accommodate specific material handling needs.
7 | P a g e Disadvantages of Belt Conveyor: 1. Maintenance: Belt conveyors require regular maintenance
to ensure optimal performance. Components such as belts, pulleys, and bearings may wear out over
time and need replacement. Cleaning and lubrication are also necessary to prevent material buildup and
ensure smooth operation. 2. Noise and Vibration: Belt conveyors can generate noise and vibration
during operation, which may be a concern in certain environments. Proper insulation and maintenance
can help minimize these issues. 3. Limited Incline Capability: Belt conveyors have limitations when it
comes to incline or decline applications. Steep inclines may require additional equipment or alternative
conveyor types. 4. Material Spillage: In some cases, materials being transported on a belt conveyor may
spill or scatter, especially if they are loose, fine, or powdery. Proper containment measures and belt
design can help mitigate this issue. 5. Environmental Impact: Belt conveyors, like any machinery, have an
environmental impact. They consume energy and may produce noise and emissions. However,
advancements in technology have led to more energyefficient and eco-friendly conveyor systems.
Overall, belt conveyors offer numerous advantages in terms of versatility, efficiency, cost-effectiveness,
and safety. However, they require regular maintenance, may generate noise and vibration, and have
limitations in certain applications. Proper design, maintenance, and operational practices can help
maximize the benefits and minimize the disadvantages of belt conveyors.
8 | P a g e 2. Forklifts: ❖ Forklifts are versatile material handling equipment used for lifting and moving
heavy pallets of bottled water. They are commonly used in warehouses and distribution centers to load
and unload pallets from trucks, stack them in racks, and transport them within the facility. Working
Principle: ❖ Forklifts are powered industrial trucks that use hydraulic systems to lift and transport heavy
loads. They have two forks at the front that slide under pallets or other materials, allowing them to be
lifted and moved. Advantages: - High lifting capacity and versatility in handling various loads. - Efficient
for loading and unloading trucks, stacking pallets, and moving materials in warehouses or industrial
settings. - Can operate in tight spaces and narrow aisles. - Quick and easy maneuverability.
Disadvantages: - Requires skilled operators and proper training to ensure safe operation. - High initial
cost and maintenance expenses. - Limited to indoor use and smooth surfaces. - Can cause damage to
floors and materials if not operated carefully.
9 | P a g e 3. Pallet Jacks: ❖ Pallet jacks, also known as pallet trucks, are manual or electric-powered
equipment used to move pallets of bottled water horizontally. They are ideal for short-distance
transportation within a facility, such as loading and unloading pallets from trucks or moving them to
storage areas. Working Principle: ❖ Pallet jacks, also known as pallet trucks, are manual or electric-
powered equipment used to lift and move palletized loads. They have forks that slide under pallets, and
the operator uses a handle to pump or control the lifting mechanism. Advantages: - Cost-effective
compared to forklifts. - Easy to operate and maneuver in tight spaces. - Suitable for smaller loads and
lighter-duty applications. - Manual pallet jacks require no power source. Disadvantages: - Limited lifting
capacity compared to forklifts. - Manual pallet jacks require physical effort from the operator. - Not
suitable for long-distance transport. - May have difficulty on uneven or rough surfaces.
10 | P a g e 4. Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs): ❖ AGVs are autonomous vehicles that can be
programmed to transport pallets of bottled water without the need for human intervention. They can
navigate through predefined paths, avoiding obstacles, and are commonly used in large-scale bottling
plants or warehouses to automate material handling processes. Working Principle: ❖ AGVs are
autonomous vehicles that use sensors, lasers, or magnets to navigate and transport materials within a
facility. They follow preprogrammed routes and can interact with other equipment or systems.
Advantages: - Increased efficiency and productivity through automated material handling. - Reduced
labor costs and improved safety by eliminating the need for human operators. - Flexibility to adapt to
changing production or logistics needs. - Can operate 24/7 without breaks. Disadvantages: - High initial
investment and implementation costs. - Requires complex programming and integration with existing
systems. - Limited to specific routes and predefined tasks. - May require additional safety measures to
prevent collisions with humans or other equipment.
11 | P a g e 5. Racking Systems: ❖ Racking systems provide efficient storage solutions for bottled water
products. They can include pallet racks, drive-in racks, or flow racks, depending on the storage
requirements and space availability. Racking systems help maximize storage capacity and facilitate easy
access to the bottled water inventory. Working Principle: ❖ Racking systems are structures used for
storing and organizing materials or products. They consist of vertical frames, horizontal beams, and
shelves or pallets to support the stored items. Advantages: - Efficient utilization of vertical space,
maximizing storage capacity. - Easy access to stored items for picking and inventory management. -
Versatility to accommodate various load sizes and types. - Can be customized to fit specific warehouse
layouts and requirements. Disadvantages: - Requires proper installation and regular inspection to ensure
structural integrity. - Initial investment and installation costs can be significant. - Limited flexibility to
reconfigure or adjust storage configurations. - Potential for accidents if not used correctly or overloaded.

12 | P a g e 6. Lift Tables: ❖ Lift tables are hydraulic or electric-powered platforms used to raise or lower
pallets of bottled water to a desired height. They assist in loading or unloading pallets from trucks, as
well as in ergonomic positioning for manual handling tasks. Working Principle: ❖ Lift tables, also known
as scissor lifts, are hydraulic platforms used to raise or lower loads to different heights. They consist of a
scissor-like mechanism that extends or retracts to adjust the platform's height. Advantages: - Facilitates
ergonomic lifting and positioning of heavy loads. - Increases worker safety by reducing manual lifting
and bending. - Versatile for various applications, such as assembly lines or loading docks. - Can be
customized with additional features, such as tilt or rotation. Disadvantages: - Limited to vertical lifting
and lowering. - Requires regular maintenance and inspection for safe operation. - Higher initial cost
compared to manual lifting equipment. - May require additional space and power source.

13 | P a g e 7. Stretch Wrappers: ❖ Stretch wrapping machines are used to securely wrap pallets of
bottled water with stretch film. This helps protect the products during transportation and storage,
ensuring stability and preventing damage. Working Principle: ❖ Stretch wrappers are machines used to
wrap stretch film around palletized loads to secure and protect them during transport or storage. The
film is stretched and applied tightly to hold the load together. Advantages: - Ensures load stability and
prevents shifting or damage during handling. - Increases efficiency by automating the wrapping process.
- Reduces film usage compared to manual wrapping. - Can handle various load sizes and shapes.
Disadvantages: - Initial investment and maintenance costs. - Requires proper training and adjustment
for optimal wrapping. - Limited to wrapping palletized loads. - May require additional space and
integration with conveyor systems.

14 | P a g e 8. Labeling and Packaging Equipment: ❖ Material handling equipment such as labeling

machines and packaging equipment are used to apply labels, pack bottled water into cases or cartons,
and prepare them for distribution. These machines automate the packaging process, increasing
efficiency and accuracy. Working Principle: ❖ Labeling and packaging equipment includes machines
used to apply labels, package products, or seal containers. They can include label applicators, filling
machines, sealing machines, and more. Advantages: - Increases efficiency and productivity in labeling
and packaging processes. - Ensures accurate and consistent labeling or packaging. - Reduces labor costs
and human errors. - Can handle high volumes and repetitive tasks. Disadvantages: - Initial investment
and maintenance costs. - Requires proper setup and adjustment for different product sizes and types. -
May require additional space and integration with other production lines. - Potential for machine
breakdowns or malfunctions

15 | P a g e Chapter Three conclusion ❖ In conclusion, material handling equipment is essential for

efficient and safe material handling in various industries. It enables the movement, storage, and
transportation of materials, contributing to improved productivity, reduced costs, and enhanced
workplace safety. By utilizing the right material handling equipment, businesses can optimize their
operations and achieve higher efficiency in their material handling processes. ❖ Material handling
equipment can be powered by electricity, hydraulics, or pneumatics, and can be operated manually or
automatically. The choice of equipment depends on the type of material being handled, the distance it
needs to be moved, and the environment in which it is being handled. ❖ Effective use of material
handling equipment can help reduce labor costs, improve safety, and increase productivity in material
handling operations. They enable the quick and efficient movement of materials, reducing downtime
and delays. Moreover, they minimize the physical strain on workers, reducing the risk of injuries and
improving workplace safety. ❖ Overall, Overall, material handling equipment plays a vital role in
enhancing the efficiency, productivity, and safety of material handling operations in various industries.
Its effective use can contribute to the success and competitiveness of businesses by improving
operational efficiency and reducing costs.

16 | P a g e Recommendation When it comes to selecting material handling equipment for your specific
needs, it is important to consider several factors. Here are some recommendations to help you make
informed decisions: ❖ Assess your requirements: Begin by evaluating your specific material handling
needs. ❖ Understand your workspace: Consider the layout and characteristics of your facility. ❖ Safety
considerations: Prioritize safety when selecting material handling equipment. ❖ Efficiency and
productivity: Choose equipment that will enhance efficiency and productivity in your material handling
operations. ❖ Flexibility and adaptability: Select equipment that can adapt to changing needs and
accommodate different types of materials. ❖ Maintenance and support: Evaluate the maintenance
requirements and availability of support for the equipment you choose ❖ Cost-effectiveness: While cost
is an important consideration, it should not be the sole determining factor. ❖ Seek expert advice: If you
are unsure about the best equipment for your needs, consult with material handling experts or
equipment suppliers. By carefully considering these recommendations, you can select the most suitable
material handling equipment that meets your specific requirements, enhances efficiency, and improves
overall operations.

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Applications’’ Volume 3 Issue 5, 2014, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online) [5] V Jose Ananth Vino, International
Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 2, February-2015 499 ISSN 2229-5518 [6]
http://www.altanitcomutal.com/losscontrol/vlce/forklift/stability.htm [7] R.S. Khurmi & J.K.,Gupta, a
text book of machine design, fourteenth edition. vol. 20, no. 5, 2012. [8] Joseph E. shigly & Charles
R.mischke Standard hand book of machine design (2nd Editio] vol. 40, no. 3, 1995. [9] David RH Jones
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NEW DELH 18 | P a g