HARNESSING NATURE’S ELEMENTS: ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN HOMES

WITH WATER WHEEL, WINDMILLS, AND SOLAR PANELS

Jhan Jovyn M. Cuesta

Shechaniah B. Ygaña

A Capstone Project Presented to

The Faculty of the Engineering Department

Eastern Visayas State University

Ormoc City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree BACHELOR

OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Committee Member:

Dr. Joel M. Capala

October 2023
 ABSTRACT

Cuesta, Jhan Jovyn M, & Ygaña, Shechaniah B.., Eastern Visayas State University
– Ormoc City Campus (EVSU-OCC), Ormoc City, Leyte. Region VIII. “HARNESSING
NATURE’S ELEMENTS: ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN HOMES WITH WATER WHEELS,
WINDMILLS, AND SOLAR PANELS”

Instructor: DR. JOEL M. CAPALA

The study begins by assessing the environmental and economic advantages of

renewable energy sources, emphasizing their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and

mitigate the reliance and fossil fuels. Furthermore, it examines the efficiency, scalability, and

affordability of each technology, specifically, water wheels, and windmills. And solar panels.

The water wheel, and age-old technology, are evaluated for their suitability in regions with

access to flowing water. The research delves into the design, installation, and performance

characteristics of water wheels in residential applications. Windmills, known for their

effectiveness in windy regions, are studied in terms of their potential to harness wind energy

and provide electricity. The research explores the design and operation of residential

windmills, considering factors such as wind speed and turbine efficiency.

 Solar panels, a widely adopted renewable energy technology, are assessed for their

ability to generate electricity from sunlight.

The research investigates solar panel efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and the impact of

factors like location and climate on their performance. The research also considers hybrid

systems that combine these technologies to optimize energy generation and ensure a reliable

power supply in diverse environments. It explores potential challenges, such as intermittent

energy sources and energy storage solutions. Ultimately, this research aims to provide

homeowners, policymakers, and renewable energy enthusiasts with valuable insights into the

potential of water wheels, windmills, and solar panels in residential electricity generation. By

analyzing the advantages and limitations of these technologies, this study contributes to the

knowledge base necessary for transitioning towards sustainable, environmentally friendly,

and cost-effective energy solutions at the household level.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 6

INTRODUCTION 6

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY 6

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 8

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 9

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY 10

II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11

III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 19

RESEARCH DESIGN 19

RESEARCH SAMPLE 19

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 20

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE 20

DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 21

IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS OF STUDY 22

INTERPRETATION RESULTS 24
 V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 28

REFERENCES 30
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

The rationale of the Study

In the search for environmentally acceptable and sustainable energy sources,

there is rising interest in harnessing nature’s components to create power for residential
use. This study looks into the use of water wheels, windmills, and solar panels as
alternative energy sources for residential electricity. As global energy demand rises, the
development of varied and renewable resources becomes critical to mitigating the
environmental consequences associated with traditional power generation.

The rationale behind the study "Harnessing Nature's Elements: Electricity Generation in
Homes with Water Wheels, Windmills, and Solar Panels" stems from the critical need to
transition towards sustainable energy sources amid escalating environmental concerns.
Conventional energy generation heavily reliant on fossil fuels has exacerbated climate
change, prompting a paradigm shift towards renewable alternatives. This research seeks
to explore the potential of integrating water wheels, windmills, and solar panels into
residential settings, acknowledging the urgency to reduce carbon footprints and embrace
environmentally responsible energy practices.

Water wheels, windmills, and solar panels represent promising avenues for decentralized
energy production. Recognizing the abundant and renewable nature of these elements,
the study aims to assess their viability in diverse geographical and climatic conditions. By
understanding the practical challenges and opportunities associated with each
technology, the research strives to provide valuable insights that can inform future
energy policy decisions and encourage sustainable practices at the grassroots level.

6
The study also recognizes the role of technology as a driving force in the renewable
energy landscape. Recent advancements in water wheel efficiency, windmill design, and
solar panel technology have significantly improved the feasibility of these systems.
Through an exploration of these innovations, the research seeks to contribute to the
ongoing dialogue surrounding sustainable energy solutions, providing a foundation for
the adoption of cutting-edge technologies in residential electricity generation.

In addition to environmental considerations, the study addresses economic and social

dimensions. Assessing the economic viability of implementing water wheels, windmills,
and solar panels in homes is crucial for ensuring widespread adoption. Understanding the
potential cost savings, long-term benefits, and economic feasibility will empower
homeowners and communities to make informed decisions, fostering a more inclusive
and sustainable energy transition. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the potential for
these technologies to enhance energy resilience and independence, particularly in
regions with unreliable access to traditional power grids.

In summary, the research on harnessing nature's elements for electricity generation in

homes is rooted in a multidimensional rationale encompassing environmental
responsibility, technological advancements, economic considerations, and community
empowerment. Through a comprehensive examination of these aspects, the study aims
to contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable energy practices, paving the way
for a more resilient and eco-friendly energy future.

7
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study focused on determining the effectiveness of the Water Wheels and

windmills. And Solar Panels in Residential Homes

Specifically, this study sought to:

1. In all of the three electricity generations what is used more frequently (Solar Panel,
Windmill, Waterwheel)?

2. What is the efficacy level based on the perspective of the project Harnessing Nature’s

Elements in terms of the following:

2.1. Does it help reduce the bill with the usage of Electricity Generation in Homes with

Water Wheel, Windmills, or Solar Panels in Residential Homes

3. Complexity of installing

8
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aimed to benefit the following entities:

Environmental Impact. The use of Renewable energy systems in homes contributes to a more

sustainable and environmentally friendly future, addressing global concerns about climate

change.

Energy Independence. Homeowners embracing these technologies reduce their dependence on

traditional energy sources, fostering energy security and self-sufficiency

Economic Benefits. The long-term cost savings, incentres, and potential income from selling

excess energy contribute to homeowner’s financial well-being.

Technological Advancement. The Research encourages the development of more efficient, cost-

effective, and innovative renewable energy systems for residential use.

Energy Policy and Regulation. Findings from this research have the potential to inform energy

policy and regulation, leading to incentives and support for renewable energy adoption in homes.

Future Researchers. The data that would be collected from this study could then be further

researched using different research techniques. The data could also be utilized to guide future

researchers in choosing the appropriate research design for the next study. Future researchers

will gain from this as they expand and refine to close any gaps.

9
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study focused on the effectiveness of Electricity Generation in Homes with

water wheels, windmills, and solar panels of different individuals with different kinds of

properties from different places in Ormoc City. It should be emphasized that because the

researchers generated these from certain studies, the scope is constrained and does not

contain factors other than the 3 variables that will be compared. There were thirty (30)

respondents to this study, including different individuals with different kinds of properties

from different places in the Philippines using the quota sampling method. The study

covered the following variables in its scope: the complexity of using the method, visual

presentation or illustration, and efficiency. The projected time frame for this study was

from December 10 to December 15, 2023. Due to the respondents' lack of cooperation

and honesty in responding to this research's survey test, this had the potential to have

limitations such as the inability to generalize the research findings.

10
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Only written works on the specific topic of The Harnessing Nature’s Elements:

Electricity Generation in Homes with Water Wheel, Windmills, and Solar Panels will be

included in the literature review. This literature review incorporates several additional

pieces of useful information from previous works that are relevant to the current topic

and help the researchers learn more about their research. The following paragraphs cover

or discuss a few of the studies that were conducted.

The study by Enteria, N., Awbi, H., & Yokota, H. (2015) The residential sector in the

Philippines is a major consumer of the country's electricity, and the cost of electricity is

among the highest in Asia. Given the government's focus on renewable energy and energy

efficiency, the development of energy-efficient homes becomes crucial. This study

conducts a numerical investigation into minimizing a house's energy consumption. The

findings reveal that installing solar photovoltaic panels on the rooftop can significantly

support a house's electricity needs. Additionally, a combination of a solar thermal

collector and an auxiliary biomass water heater can fulfill the hot water requirements.

Employing a desiccant dehumidification system along with evaporative and ground

cooling systems ensures that the indoor temperature stays below 27 °C with a humidity

ratio of less than 11 g/kg throughout the year. Energy conservation measures, such as

enhancing insulation for concrete houses, unplugging unused electrical appliances, and

11
adopting light-emitting diode lighting, play a crucial role in reducing electric energy

consumption. The incorporation of innovative building technologies is positively

influencing both energy consumption and indoor environmental conditions. These study

results are significant for advancing the Philippine initiatives in alternative energy

utilization and energy efficiency.

Sakti, A. D., Rohayani, P., Izzah, N. A., Toya, N. A., Hhadi, P. O., Octavianti, T.,

Harjupa, W., Caraka, R. E., Kim, Y., Avtar, R., Puttanapong, N., Lin, C., & Wikantika, K.

(2023) In the face of a substantial surge in energy demand, Southeast Asia has committed

to raising its reliance on renewable energy by up to 23% by 2025. Geospatial technology

methodologies, integrating statistical data, spatial models, earth observation satellite

data, and climate modeling, can be employed for strategic analyses to comprehend the

potential and efficacy of renewable energy development. This study seeks to establish the

inaugural spatial model of its kind in Southeast Asia for the comprehensive development

of multi-renewable energy from solar, wind, and hydropower, further categorized into

residential and agricultural zones. The unique aspect of this research lies in the

formulation of a novel priority model for renewable energy development, stemming from

the amalgamation of area suitability analysis and the estimation of potential energy

quantity.

Regions exhibiting high potential power estimates for the amalgamated three

energy types are predominantly situated in northern Southeast Asia. Areas in proximity

12
to the equator generally exhibit lower potential, except for southern regions. Solar

photovoltaic (PV) plant construction emerges as the most area-intensive form of energy

generation among the considered sources, necessitating 143,901,600 hectares (61.71%),

followed by wind (39,618,300 hectares; 16.98%); a combination of solar PV and wind

(37,302,500 hectares; 16%); hydro (7,665,200 hectares; 3.28%); a combination of hydro

and solar PV (3,792,500 hectares; 1.62%); and a combination of hydro and wind (582,700

hectares; 0.25%).

This study is both timely and significant as it will contribute valuable insights for

shaping policies and regional strategies in the transition to renewable energy, taking into

account the diverse characteristics present in Southeast Asia.

Pascasio, J. D. A., Esparcia, E., Castro, M. T., & Ocon, J.D. (2021) Energy access in

remote Philippine islands is constrained by geographic isolation. While only a limited

number of islands have access to electricity, the majority rely on diesel, an expensive and

unsustainable power source. Therefore, initiatives to improve energy access should

prioritize the adoption of affordable and sustainable renewable energy (RE) technologies.

This study focused on simulating the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind

power in 147 diesel-powered off-grid areas in the Philippines. Various configurations of

solar PV, wind turbines, lithium-ion batteries, and diesel generators were assessed based

on levelized electricity costs and the proportion of energy derived from renewable

sources.

13
 The simulations indicate that solar PV should be deployed in all considered areas,

while wind power is suitable for 132 locations, ensuring reliable and continuous energy

access at minimal costs. The hybrid energy systems exhibit an average electricity cost of

USD 0.227/kWh, a mean RE share of 58.58%, and an annual savings totaling 108 million

USD. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis reveals that dependence on solar and wind power

in Philippine off-grid islands remains resilient to uncertainties in component costs and

electricity demand. Given the promising potential of off-grid solar PV and wind power in

the country, there is a need for policies supporting RE-based hybrid grids to address the

energy trilemma of security, equity, and sustainability.

Garcia, D. A., Dionysis, G., Rasskovic, P., Duic, N., & Al-Nimr, M. A. (2023)

The integration of energy, water, and environmental systems offers a more

effective approach to mitigating climate change. Recent scientific advancements present

numerous opportunities for comprehensive human progress. This editorial reviews the

16th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment

Systems. Within this context, we have examined eight research articles covering various

topics. The initial four articles, under the solar energy technology and storage section,

encompass 1) advanced technologies for creating a new TT PS-TIM window system

designed for adaptive daylight control and advanced thermal insulation combination, 2)

field testing of newly installed FPVS in areas with Mediterranean climate conditions using

experimental data, 3) possibilities related to short rotation of willow and energy crop

14
Miscanthus cultivation in former coal mining areas, and 4) utilization of solar and

geothermal energy for boiling water purification and reverse osmosis.

Moving on to the energy management systems section, the subsequent four

articles cover 5) an in-depth analysis of facial expression and eye tracking involving non-

expert participants to discern emotions induced by electricity consumption graphs in

various time scales, 6) an exploration of the main life cycle activities of electric vehicles

(EVs) and their potential inequities through an exploratory survey, 7) the analysis of

biodiesel fuel production from waste sardine fish oil using methanol, ethanol, or

isopropanol and a solid heterogeneous catalyst prepared with eggshell and copper oxide

[CaCu(OCH3)2], and 8) the study of biotechnology microalgae in 70-litre vertical

photobioreactors utilizing unsupplemented secondary brewery wastewater as growth

media through two mechanically assisted collecting cell methods under hydrothermal

(autohydrolysis) and dilute acid hydrolysis.

Rahman, A., Farrok, O., & Haque, M. M. (2022) Renewable energy source (RES)

dependent electricity generation plants are widely acknowledged for their

environmentally friendly nature, contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions in the

energy sector. While RESs are recognized for their absence of carbon dioxide emissions,

it is evident that they still entail significant adverse effects on the environment, which

cannot be overlooked. This paper conducts a thorough examination of the environmental

impacts associated with RES-based power plants, encompassing solar thermal, solar

15
photovoltaic, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydroelectric, tidal, ocean current, oceanic

wave, ocean thermal, and osmotic effects. Concentrated solar power is commonly

referred to as solar thermal power.

A comprehensive Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT)

analysis is performed and discussed for all RES-based power plants. Comparative SWOT

analyses specifically for solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar power plants are

outlined. Additionally, comparative environmental impact analyses for all existing RES-

based power plants are presented in tabular form, covering various attributes such as

human health, noise, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, ozone layer depletion,

toxification, flooding, impact on inhabitants, eutrophication, dried up rivers, and

deforestation. The analysis underscores the importance of judiciously selecting RES for

electricity generation to mitigate the potential harm to the environment associated with

improper utilization of these resources.

Zhou, B., Li, W., Chan, K. W., Cao, Y., Kuang, Y., Xi, L., & Wang, X. (2016) As the

smart grid era unfolds and advanced communication and information infrastructures

become prevalent, there is a transformative shift in electricity usage patterns and energy

conservation within consumption premises. Bidirectional communication, advanced

metering infrastructure, energy storage systems, and home area networks are poised to

revolutionize these patterns. Concurrently, with the rise of vehicle-to-grid technologies

and widespread distributed renewable energy, there is a significant transition in energy

16
management from traditional centralized infrastructure to autonomous, responsive

demand, and cyber-physical energy systems incorporating renewable and stored energy

sources.

Within the sustainable smart grid framework, the smart house, equipped with a

home energy management system (HEMS), plays a pivotal role in enhancing the

efficiency, economics, reliability, and energy conservation of distribution systems. This

paper provides a concise overview of the architecture and functional modules of smart

HEMS. Subsequently, it thoroughly analyzes and reviews the advanced HEMS

infrastructures and home appliances in smart houses. Additionally, the paper surveys the

utilization of various building renewable energy resources in HEMS, including solar, wind,

biomass, and geothermal energies. Lastly, various home appliance scheduling strategies

aimed at reducing residential electricity costs and enhancing energy efficiency from

power generation utilities are also investigated.

Goudarzi and Mostafaeipour (2017) In recent decades, the excessive consumption

of fossil fuels and the associated challenges have emerged as a significant global concern.

This paper examines the impact of four passive systems—namely, green roof, roof pond,

wind catcher, and underground house—on energy conservation in a sample house

situated in Iran's hot and dry region. The assessment focuses on a residential structure

measuring 13.16 m×11.11 m×2.8 m, located in Kerman City, Iran, over 138 days from May

17
to October, encompassing the anticipated cooling energy requirements. The evaluation

includes a life cycle cost (LCC) analysis, incorporating initial, operational, and maintenance

costs, along with the potential for cooling energy savings for each system over 20 years.

Results indicate that the wind catcher proves to be the most efficient system in

conserving cooling energy, with the roof garden, roof pond, and underground house

following in effectiveness. The wind catcher is particularly adept at reducing cooling

energy demand from May to October, while the other passive techniques contribute to

an overall reduction in annual energy loss through the building envelope. Economic

analysis reveals that the wind catcher and roof pond represent the most cost-effective

approaches in this context.

18
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers utilized a quantitative research design for this study in which they

set out to gather quantifiable data to be used for statistical analysis of the sample

population to assess the efficacy of using Renewable Energy Resources by using

Windmills, Solar Panels, and water Wheels.

Research Sample

Thirty (30) respondents to this study, including different individuals with different

kinds of properties from different places in the Philippines, were selected through quota

sampling where whoever was available for the interview became a respondent. The

primary respondents for this research were the people who already acquired some

renewable energy sources such as Windmills, Solar Panels &, and Water Wheels The

researcher believed that these samples would best provide the accurate data needed for

the study.

19
Research Instrument

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of using Renewable Energy Resources

by using Windmills, Solar Panels, and water Wheels. In this study, an online survey test

was prepared by the researcher because not all respondents are in Ormoc City. There are

three main sections in the set of questionnaires including demographic variables, and the

measurement items for independent and dependent variables. The set of questionnaires

is divided into three main categories demographic variables, measurement items for

independent variables, and measurement items for dependent variables. All of the

measurement items are measured based on the five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly

disagree to 5 = strongly agree). The preference for using a data-gathering tool was based

on various presumptions, including avoiding bias, having a less expensive method,

offering the respondents a greater sense of anonymity, and their willingness to hold off

on responding right away. The questionnaire of the interview was subjected to the

content validity of experts.

Data Collection Procedure

After getting the total number of respondents of this study as a sample using

quota sampling, the researcher distributed the survey test online through the use of

Google Forms to the respondents because not all respondents were in Ormoc City &

informed consent and gathered right away. The tabulation of the responses will follow.

The responses were interpreted using descriptive statistics, and T-test.

20
Data Analysis Procedure

The responses from the respondents. Descriptive statistics such as mean rank was

considered based on their gender and age where the average response of the total

respondents was calculated. To determine whether there was a significant difference

between the two samples, a paired T-test was used. It compares the different

circumstances between samples with the assumption that the data is normally distributed.

To the requirements of this study's data, survey test responses were statistically analyzed,

tabulated, summarized, and interpreted.

21
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Presentation of Results
Table 1. Efficiency
Solar Panel 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK
Frequently used 13 5 7 5 0 30 2.1 1
Less maintenance 3 9 11 3 4 30 2.9 2

Windmill 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK

Frequently used 7 5 11 5 2 30 2.67 1
Less maintenance 9 3 5 11 2 30 3.4 2

Water Wheel 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK

Frequently used 3 12 9 4 1 30 2.5 1
Less maintenance 4 5 8 2 11 30 3.4 2

Table 2. Complexity
Solar Panel 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK
Budget-friendly 3 7 13 2 5 30 2.8 1
User friendly 3 5 7 14 1 30 3.2 2

Windmill 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK

Budget-friendly 13 4 8 5 0 30 2.2 1
User friendly 5 16 5 2 2 30 2.3 2

Water Wheel 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK

Budget-friendly 8 5 5 11 1 30 2.7 1
User friendly 5 7 9 6 3 30 2.3 2

22
Table 3. Electrical Bills Cost after installation:
Solar Panel 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK
Bill decrease 1 2 5 16 6 30 3.8 3
Bill is the same 18 3 4 5 0 30 1.9 1
Bill increase 3 16 8 1 2 30 2.4 2

Windmill 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK

Bill decrease 5 16 4 2 3 30 2.4 1
Bill is the same 2 4 5 13 6 30 3.6 3
Bill increase 6 9 8 1 6 30 2.7 2

Water Wheel 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL WM RANK

Bill decrease 13 5 7 2 3 30 2.2 1
Bill is the same 1 8 16 5 0 30 2.8 2
Bill increase 7 5 8 8 2 30 2.8 2

23
Interpretation Results

Efficiency

WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED

QUESTION
MEAN FOR S.P MEAN FOR W.M MEAN FOR W.W
Frequently used 2.1 2.67 2.5
Less maintenance 2.9 3.4 3.4

According to the statistics provided in the table, respondents' perceptions of the usage
of solar panels (S.P), windmills (W.M.), and water wheels (W.W.) reveal interesting insights into
their preferences regarding frequently used presentations and maintenance requirements.

In terms of frequently used presentations, windmills (W.M.) stand out with the highest
weighted mean of 2.67, suggesting that respondents view windmills as more commonly used in
presentations. Solar panels (S.P) follow with a lower mean of 2.1, indicating somewhat less
frequent usage, while water wheels (W.W.) fall in between with a mean of 2.5. This implies that
respondents consider windmills to be more suitable or popular for presentations compared to
solar panels and water wheels.

Moving on to maintenance preferences, both windmills (W.M.) and water wheels

(W.W.) share the highest weighted mean of 3.4, signifying that respondents perceive these
energy sources as requiring less maintenance. On the other hand, solar panels (S.P) have a
lower mean of 2.9, indicating that respondents believe solar panels may need more attention
and upkeep in comparison to windmills and water wheels. This suggests a preference for
windmills and water wheels over solar panels when it comes to the perceived ease of
maintenance.

24
 In summary, the weighted means suggest that respondents are more inclined to view
windmills as suitable for frequently used presentations, while both windmills and water wheels
are perceived as requiring less maintenance compared to solar panels. These findings highlight
distinctions in respondents' preferences for different energy sources, shedding light on their
perceptions of usability and maintenance efficiency.

Complexity

WEIGHTED MEAN WEIGHTED WEIGHTED

QUESTION
FOR S.P MEAN FOR W.M MEAN FOR W.W
Budget-friendly 2.8 2.2 2.7
User friendly 3.2 2.3 2.3

According to the statistics in the table, respondents perceive solar panels (S.P) to be
relatively budget-friendly, as indicated by a weighted mean of 2.8. In comparison, windmills
(W.M.) have a lower weighted mean of 2.2, suggesting a perception of lower budget-
friendliness. Water wheels (W.W.) fall in between, with a weighted mean of 2.7, indicating a
moderate level of budget-friendliness.

Regarding user-friendliness, respondents find solar panels (S.P) to be user-friendly, with

a weighted mean of 3.2. On the other hand, respondents are undecided about the user-
friendliness of windmills (W.M.) and water wheels (W.W.), with weighted means of 2.3 and 2.8,
respectively.

Notable differences emerge in preferences, particularly in terms of budget-friendliness,

where solar panels (S.P) are favored compared to windmills (W.M.) and water wheels (W.W.).
However, in terms of user-friendliness, respondents seem to have a positive view of solar
panels (S.P) while being undecided about windmills (W.M.) and water wheels (W.W.), which
yield similar weighted means.
25
 These results suggest that, according to the respondents, solar panels stand out as both
budget-friendly and user-friendly compared to windmills and water wheels.

Electrical Bills Cost after installing

WEIGHTED MEAN WEIGHTED WEIGHTED

QUESTION
FOR S.P MEAN FOR W.M MEAN FOR W.W
Bill decrease 3.8 2.4 2.2
Bill is the same 1.9 3.6 2.8
Bill increase 2.4 2.7 2.8

According to the statistics in the table, the respondents after installing the chosen
energy sources are:

1. Bill Decrease:
- Solar Panel (S.P): 3.8
- Wind Mill (W.M): 2.4
- Water Wheel (W.W): 2.2

Respondents attribute a higher level of Bill Decrease to the usage of solar panels (S.P),
with a weighted mean of 3.8. Windmills (W.M.) and water wheels (W.W.) have lower weighted
means of 2.4 and 2.2, respectively, suggesting that respondents perceive solar panels as more
effective in decreasing electrical bills compared to windmills and water wheels.

2. Bill is the Same:

- Solar Panel (S.P): 1.9
- Wind Mill (W.M): 3.6
- Water Wheel (W.W): 2.8

26
 For scenarios where the Electrical Bill remains the same after installation, respondents
favor windmills (W.M.) the most with a high weighted mean of 3.6. Water wheels (W.W.) follow
with a mean of 2.8, while solar panels (S.P) have the lowest mean of 1.9, indicating a perception
that solar panels are less likely to keep the bill the same.

3. Bill Increase:
- Solar Panel (S.P): 2.4
- Wind Mill (W.M): 2.7
- Water Wheel (W.W): 2.8

In terms of an increase in Electrical bill costs after installation, respondents believe

that solar panels (S.P) have a lower impact, with a mean of 2.4. Windmills (W.M.) and water
wheels (W.W.) show slightly higher means of 2.7 and 2.8, respectively, suggesting a perception
that windmills and water wheels may have a more significant impact on increasing electrical
bills compared to solar panels.

Respondents generally perceive solar panels (S.P) as more effective in decreasing

electrical bills compared to windmills (W.M.) and water wheels (W.W.). Windmills are
perceived as more likely to keep the bill the same, while water wheels fall in between. In terms
of increasing electrical bills, solar panels are perceived as having a lower impact compared to
windmills and water wheels.

CHAPTER V

27
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In the exploration of respondents' perspectives on the utilization of solar panels (S.P),

windmills (W.M.), and water wheels (W.W.), intriguing insights emerge, particularly in the realms

of frequently used presentations and maintenance requirements. Windmills (W.M.) are notably

distinguished with the highest weighted mean of 2.67 for frequently used presentations,

suggesting respondents view them as more commonly utilized in this context. Solar panels (S.P)

follow with a mean of 2.1, indicating less frequent usage, while water wheels (W.W.) fall in

between with a mean of 2.5. Regarding maintenance preferences, both windmills and water

wheels share the highest weighted mean of 3.4, signifying respondents perceive them as

requiring less maintenance. Conversely, solar panels have a lower mean of 2.9, indicating a

perception of higher maintenance needs. Overall, respondents lean towards windmills for

presentations and perceive both windmills and water wheels as requiring less maintenance

compared to solar panels.

Additionally, when evaluating the budget-friendliness and user-friendliness of the energy

sources, respondents favor solar panels (S.P). Solar panels are perceived as relatively budget-

friendly with a weighted mean of 2.8, while windmills (W.M.) score lower at 2.2, and water

wheels (W.W.) fall in between with a mean of 2.7. In terms of user-friendliness, solar panels

receive a higher mean of 3.2, while respondents’ express indecision about the user-friendliness

of windmills (2.3) and water wheels (2.8). These results suggest that respondents find solar

panels to be both budget-friendly and user-friendly compared to windmills and water wheels.

28
 Examining the impact on electrical bills after installing the energy sources reveals further

insights. Solar panels (S.P) are perceived as highly effective in decreasing bills, with a weighted

mean of 3.8, while windmills (W.M.) and water wheels (W.W.) have lower means of 2.4 and 2.2,

respectively. For scenarios where the bill remains the same, respondents favor windmills the

most (3.6), followed by water wheels (2.8), with solar panels having the lowest mean of 1.9.

Regarding bill increases, solar panels are perceived to have a lower impact (2.4) compared to

windmills (2.7) and water wheels (2.8). Overall, respondents view solar panels as more effective

in decreasing bills, while windmills are favored when bills remain the same.

In summary, respondents' perceptions indicate a preference for windmills in

presentations and less maintenance, while solar panels are favored for budget-friendliness and

user-friendliness. The impact on electrical bills sees solar panels as more effective in decreasing

costs. These findings underscore distinct preferences and shed light on the perceived advantages

of each energy source. Recommendations include further exploration of variables and model

improvements for a comprehensive analysis.

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