1) Slope With Filled Ground - (30-4-07)

12/19/2023
CANTILEVEL WALL SCHEDULE
WALL TYPE H B1 B2 B3 B4 T B5 01a 01b 02a 02b 03,04a 04b 05 06,07,08 09 10,11,12 13 14,15
SWF 2 2000 150 260 500 850 250 250 10 - 175 12 - 175 10 - 275 10 - 225 10 - 275 10 - 225 10 - 200 10 - 225 10 - 225 10 - 225 10 - 225 10 - 225
SWF 3 3000 200 350 750 1300 380 380 12 - 125 16 - 150 10 - 200 10 - 150 10 - 200 10 - 150 12 - 150 10 - 150 10 - 150 10 - 150 10 - 150 10 - 150
SWF 4 4000 270 470 1000 1740 500 500 16 - 150 20 - 150 12 - 225 12 - 150 12 - 225 12 - 175 12 - 100 12 - 150 12 - 150 12 - 150 12 - 175 12 - 175
SWF 5 5000 340 590 1250 2170 630 630 16 - 100 25 - 125 12 - 175 12 - 100 12 - 175 12 - 125 16 - 125 12 - 125 12 - 125 12 - 125 12 - 125 12 - 125
SWF 6 6000 400 720 1500 2580 750 750 20 - 100 32 - 100 12 - 125 20 - 225 12 - 150 16 - 200 20 - 100 12 - 100 16 - 75 12 - 100 12 - 275 10 - 225
SWF 7 7000 470 940 1750 2920 880 880 25 - 150 32 - 75 16 - 175 16 - 125 16 - 200 16 - 150 25 - 75 16 - 175 25 - 100 16 - 175 16 - 150 16 - 150
WALL TYPE H B1 B2 B3 B4 T B5 01a 01b 02a 02b 03,04a 04b 05 06,07,08 09 10,11,12 13 14,15
FWF 2 2000 150 260 500 850 250 250 10 - 275 12 - 275 10 - 275 10 - 225 10 - 275 10 - 225 10 - 225 10 - 225 10 - 225 10 - 225 10 - 225 10 - 225
FWF 3 3000 200 350 750 1300 380 380 12 - 200 16 - 250 10 - 200 10 - 150 10 - 200 10 - 150 12 - 225 10 - 150 10 - 150 10 - 150 10 - 150 10 - 150
FWF 4 4000 270 470 1000 1740 500 500 16 - 250 20 - 250 12 - 225 12 - 175 12 - 225 12 - 175 12 - 150 12 - 150 12 - 150 12 - 150 12 - 175 12 - 175
FWF 5 5000 340 590 1250 2170 630 630 16 - 175 25 - 250 12 - 175 12 - 125 12 - 175 12 - 125 16 - 225 12 - 125 12 - 125 12 - 125 12 - 125 12 - 125
FWF 6 6000 400 720 1500 2580 750 750 20 - 200 25 - 100 12 - 150 16 - 200 12 - 150 16 - 200 16 - 150 12 - 100 16 - 100 12 - 100 12 - 300 10 - 225
FWF 7 7000 470 840 1500 3260 880 880 25 - 250 32 - 150 16 - 225 16 - 175 16 - 225 16 - 175 32 - 250 16 - 175 20 - 100 16 - 175 16 - 175 12 - 100
Detailing of
SWO = SWF
FWO=FWF
fill layer soil layer 1 soil layer 2 soil layer 3 soil layer 4
f 30 33 33 33 33
Rankine Active Earth Pressure for Inclined Backfill

Ka cos (b) x [{cos(b)-(cos2(b)-cos2(f))1/2)/cos(b)+(cos2(b)-cos2(f))1/2]}
Kp cos (b) x [{cos(b)+(cos2(b)-cos2(f))1/2)/cos(b)-(cos2(b)-cos2(f))1/2]}
Ko 1-sinf
fill layer soil layer 1 soil layer 2 soil layer 3 soil layer 4
b cos (b) cos (b)
2
cos (f)2
cos (f)
2
cos (f)
2
cos (f)
2
cos2(f)
0 1 1 0.7500 0.7034 0.7034 0.7034 0.7034
20 0.9397 0.8830 0.7500 0.7034 0.7034 0.7034 0.7034
30 0.8660 0.7500 0.7500 0.7034 0.7034 0.7034 0.7034
b fill layer soil layer 1 soil layer 2 soil layer 3 soil layer 4
0 Ka 0.3333 0.2948 0.2948 0.2948 0.2948
20 Ka 0.4142 0.3555 0.3555 0.3555 0.3555
30 Ka 0.8660 0.5203 0.5203 0.5203 0.5203
0 Kp 3.0000 3.3921 3.3921 3.3921 3.3921

20 Kp 2.1318 2.4840 2.4840 2.4840 2.4840
30 Kp 0.8660 1.4414 1.4414 1.4414 1.4414
Reference: Principle of Foundation Engineering (3.7)
DESIGN SOIL PARAMETER
Unit Fill Layer Soil Layer 1 Soil Layer 2 Soil Layer 3 Soil Layer 4
Soil Stratum Fill Completely Decomposed Granite (CDG)
SPT N-value - 0<N<10 10<N<30 30<N<50 N>50
Unit weight,g kN/m3 19 19 19.25 19.5 20
Cohesion, c' kN/m2 2 2 5 7 15
Friction angle,f degree 30 33 33 33 33
qa kPa - 200
General Bearing Capacity, Meyerhof (1963)
qu = c'NcFcsFcdFci + qNqFqsFqdFqi + 0.5gBNgFgdFgi
c' cohension
q effective stress at the level of the bottom of the foundation
g unit weight of soil
B width of foundation (dia. of circular foundation)
Fcs,Fqs,Fgs shape factors
Fcd,Fqd,Fgd depth factors
Fci,Fqi,Fgi load inclination factors (vertical loading, factors=1)
Nc,Nq,Ng bearing capacity factors
Assume: B= 1 L= 1 D= 2
SF= 4
Fill Layer Soil Layer 1 Soil Layer 2 Soil Layer 3 Soil Layer 4
Kp = tan2 (45 + f/2) 3 3.3921 3.3921 3.3921 3.3921
Nq = Kp ep tanf' 18.38 26.06 26.06 26.06 26.06

Nc = (Nq-1) cot f' 30.1 38.59 38.59 38.59 38.59
Ng = (Nq-1) tan (1.4f') 15.65 26.13 26.13 26.13 26.13
Fcs = 1+ 0.2 (B/L) Kp 1.6 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68

Fqs = 1+0.1 (B/L) Kp 1.3 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34
Fgs = Fqs 1.3 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34
Fcd = 1+ 0.2 (D/L) Kp1/2 1.69 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.74

Fqd = 1+0.1 (B/L) Kp1/2 1.35 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
Fgd = Fqd 1.35 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
q=gD 38 38 38.5 39 40
qu 1649.47 2499.28 2867.61 3123.14 4085.43
qa = qu / SF 412.37 624.82 716.9 780.79 1021.36
Recommended qa, (kN/m ) 2

100 200 300 400 500
Ref: Slope with fill ground - SWF2 Date:18/10/06
Title: Cantilevel retaining wall-key
1 DESIGN PARAMETER Soil

Fill Base Density
Saturated unit weight gt kN/m3 19 19.25 gb Concrete kN/m3 24
Effective cohension C' kN/m2 0 5 Water kN/m3 9.81
Effective friction angle f degree 30 33 Steel N/mm2 460
Angle of fill b degree 20 fcu concrete N/mm2 25
Surcharge q kN/m2 10
Soil Bearing Capacity qa kPa 200
a) Coefficient of Earth Pressure

2) Sloping filled ground behind the wall 3) RW resting on filled ground
Ka = 0.4142 Kp = 3.0000
b) Dimension
H1 = 2.00 m B= 1.60 m (0.5~1) H1
H2 = 0.67 m B1 = 0.15 m H1/15
H3 = 1.00 m B2 = 0.26 m (1.75~2) B1 @ H1/10
H4 = 2.56 m B3 = 0.50 m B/(3~4)
H5 = 0.92 m B4 = 0.85 m
H6 = 1.64 m B5 = 0.25 m 2~3B6
H7 = 2.31 m B6 = 0.26 m
T= 0.25 m H1/ 8 B7 = 0.11 m
2 STABILITY
a) Overturning Moment
Pressure, kN/m2 Forces, kN/m Level Arm to Point O, m Moment, kNm/m
p1 = Ka x qa F1 = p1 x H4 Z1 = 0.5 x H4 Mo1 =
= 4.142 = 10.604 = 1.280 =
p2 = Ka x gt x H6 F2 = 0.5 x p2 x H6 x cosb Z2 = H5 + (H6/3) Mo2 =
= 12.906 = 9.945 = 1.467 =
p3 = Ka x (gt-gw) x H5 F3 = p2 x H5 x cosb Z3 = H5/2 Mo3 =
= 3.502 = 11.158 = 0.460 =
p4 = gw x H5 F4 = 0.5 x p3 x H5 x cosb Z4 = H5/3 Mo4 =
= 9.025 = 1.514 = 0.307 =
F5 = 0.5 x p4 x H5 Z5 = H5/3 Mo5 =
= 4.152 = 0.307 =
Total Horizontal Force, SF = 37.37 kN/m Total Overturning Moment, SMo = 35.03
b) Restoring Moment
Forces, kN/m Lever Arm to Point O, m Moment, kNm/m
W1 = H1 x B1 x gc L1 = B3 + B2 - (B1/2) Mr1 =
= 7.2 = 0.68 =
W2 = 0.5 x H1 x B7 x gc L2 = B3 + [(2/3) x B7] Mr2 =
= 2.52 = 0.570 =
W3 = B x T x gc L3 = B/2 Mr3 =
= 9.6 = 0.8 =
W4 = 0.5 x (H1 + H7) x B4 x gt L4 = B3 + B2 + [(B4/3) x (H1+2H7)/(H1+H7)] Mr4 =
= 34.599 = 1.188 =
W5 = (F2 + F3 + F4) x Tanb L5 = B Mr5 =
= 8.232 = 1.60 =
W6 = B2 x B5 x gc L6= B3+B2/2 Mr6 =
= 1.530 = 0.63 =
W7 = B3 x B5 x gb (sliding only)
= 2.406
Total Vertical Force, SW = 66.09 kN/m Total Resisting Moment, SMr = 69.23
CASE WITHOUT KEY

c) Passive Pressure
p5 = Kp x gt x H3 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T]
= 57.00 kN/m2 = 16.03 kN/m
K x
p6 = p t g x (H 3 + T)
= 71.25 kN/m2
d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

i) Sliding, Fs = SW (tan 2/3*f) / SF = 1.1 < 1.50 FAIL
ii) Overturning, Fo = SMr/SMo = 1.95 < 2.00 FAIL
CASE WITH KEY
c) Passive Pressure
p5 = 57.00 kN/m2 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T] + [0.5 (p6 + p7) x B5]
p6 = 71.25 kN/m2 = 35.77 kN/m
p7 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T + B5)
= 86.63 kN/m2

i) Sliding, Fs = 2.11 > 1.50 OK
ii) Overturning, Fo = 1.98 < 2.00 FAIL
iii) Eccentricity, e = 0.28 m B/6 = 0.27 m FAIL
iv) Bearing pressure below wall base
p8 = 84.68 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p11 = -2.07 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p9 = 57.57 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m3 OK
p10 = 43.74 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
a) Wall Stem (cantilevel)

a) Bending Moment, Mult = 51.75 kNm/m
b) Shear Force, V = 54.44 kN/m
b) Heel (cantilevel)
Pressure, kN/m2 Shear Force, kN/m
Wh = (W4/B4) + (T x gc) V = 1.4(Fh1 + W5 - Fh2 - Fh3)
= 46.95 = 42.42 kN/m
Forces, kN/m Moment, kNm/m
Fh1 = Wh x B4 p10 > p11
= 39.67 Mult = 1.4[(Fh1 x (B4/2)) + (W5 x B4) - (Fh2 x (B4/3)) - (Fh3 x (B4/2))]
p10 > p11 = 26.61 kN/m
Fh2 = 0.5*(p10-p11) x B4
= 19.35
Fh3 = p11 x B4
= -1.75
c) Toe (cantilevel)
We = (T x gc) + (gb * H3) V = 1.4(Fe1 - Fe2 - Fe3)
= 25.25 kN/m2 = -32.12 kN/m
Fe1 = We x B3 p8> p9
= 12.63 Mult = 1.4[(Fe1 x (B3/2)) - (Fe2 x (B3/2)) - (Fe3 x (2B3/3))]
p8> p9 = -11.39
Fe2 = 0.5 x (p8-p9) x B3
= 6.78
Fe3 = p9 x B3
= 28.79
d) Key (cantilevel)
Fk = Total Horizontal Force, SF - 0.4 Total Vertical Force, SW
Fk = 11.90
Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]
= 2.78 kN/m
Moment, kNm/m
F1 x Z1
13.573
F2 x Z2
14.586
F3 x Z3
5.133
F4 x Z4
0.464
F5 x Z5
1.273
kNm/m
Moment, kNm/m
W1 x L1
4.896
W2 x L2
1.436
W3 x L3
7.680
W4 x L4
41.090
W5 x L5
13.171
W6 x L6
0.960
kNm/m
STRUCTURAL DESIGN b,bottom Wall a,top Heel Toe

B2 255 mm 203 mm 250 mm 250 mm
c 50 mm 50 mm 75 mm 75 mm
M 51.75 kN/m/m 25.88 kN/m/m 26.61 kN/m/m - 11.39 kN/m/m
φt 12 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm
fcu 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3
d = h-c-φt/2-φp 199 mm 147.5 mm 170 mm 170 mm
d' = c+φp+φt/2 56 mm 55 mm 80 mm 80 mm
K = M / bd2fcu 0.052 < 0.156 0.048 < 0.156 0.037 < 0.156 0.016 < 0.156
z = d [ 0. 5 + √ 0 . 25 − K /0 . 9 ] 0.938 d (max 0.95d) 0.944 d (max 0.95d) 0.957 d (max 0.95d) 0.982 d (max 0.95d)
So, use as calculated 186.68 mm 139.24 mm 161.50 mm 161.50 mm
As = M / 0.95fyz 634 mm2/m 425 mm2/m 377 mm2/m 161 mm2/m
As min 332 mm2/m 263 mm2/m 325 mm2/m 325 mm2/m
As req 634 mm2/m 425 mm2/m 377 mm2/m 325 mm2/m
As provided OK 646 mm2/m 449 mm2/m OK 393 mm2/m OK 349 mm2/m OK
01 T 12 - 175 10 - 175 05 10 - 200 09 10 - 225 13
V= kN/m 54.44 OK 27.22 OK 42.42 OK - 32.12 OK
v= V/(bd) 0.2736 0.1845 0.2495 0.1889
vc= (0.79/gm)(100As/ 0.5173 0.5455 0.4803 0.4618
bd)1/3(400/d)1/4(fcu/25)1/3
As = 1/3*AS 01 211 mm2/m 142 mm2/m
As req 332 263 325 325
02 T 10 - 225 10 - 275 06 10 - 225 010 10 - 225 14
03&04 T 10 - 225 10 - 275 07&08 10 - 225 11&12 10 225 15
Saiz Bar 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50
10 262 286 314 349 393 449 524 628 786 1047 1571
12 377 411 452 503 566 646 754 905 1131 1508 2262
16 670 731 804 894 1005 1149 1341 1609 2011 2681 4022
20 1047 1143 1257 1396 1571 1795 2095 2514 3142 4189 6284
25 1636 1785 1964 2182 2455 2805 3273 3928 4909 6546 9819
32 2681 2925 3217 3575 4022 4596 5362 6435 8044 10725 16087
Key
255 mm
50 mm
2.78 kN/m/m
10 mm
25 N/mm3
200 mm
55 mm
0.003 < 0.156
0.997 d (max 0.95d)
190.00 mm
33 mm2/m
332 mm2/m
332 mm2/m
349 mm2/m
10 - 225
11.90 OK
0.0595
0.4200
332 mm2/m
332
349 mm2/m
10 - 225
332 mm2/m
349 mm2/m
10 - 225

Fill Base Density

Ka = 0.4142 Kp = 3.0000
b) Dimension
H1 = 3.00 m B= 2.40 m (0.5~1) H1
H2 = 1.00 m B1 = 0.20 m H1/15
H3 = 1.00 m B2 = 0.35 m (1.75~2) B1 @ H1/10
H4 = 3.85 m B3 = 0.75 m
H5 = 1.38 m B4 = 1.30 m
H6 = 2.47 m B5 = 0.38 m 2~3B6
H7 = 3.47 m B6 = 0.35 m
T= 0.38 m H1/ 8 B7 = 0.15 m
2 STABILITY
= 4.142 = 15.947 = 1.925 =
= 19.438 = 22.559 = 2.203 =
= 5.253 = 25.207 = 0.690 =
= 13.538 = 3.406 = 0.460 =
F5 = 0.5 x p4 x H5 Z5 = H5/3 Mo5 =
= 9.341 = 0.460 =
b) Restoring Moment
W1 = H1 x B1 x gc L1 = B3 + B2 - (B1/2) Mr1 =
= 14.4 = 1 =
W2 = 0.5 x H1 x B7 x gc L2 = B3 + [(2/3) x B7] Mr2 =
= 5.4 = 0.850 =
W3 = B x T x gc L3 = B/2 Mr3 =
= 21.888 = 1.2 =
= 79.905 = 1.766 =
W5 = (F2 + F3 + F4) x Tanb L5 = B Mr5 =
= 18.625 = 2.40 =
W6 = B2 x B5 x gc L6= B3+B2/2 Mr6 =
= 3.192 = 0.93 =
= 5.486
CASE WITHOUT KEY

c) Passive Pressure
p5 = Kp x gt x H3 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T]
= 57.00 kN/m2 = 25.78 kN/m
p6 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T)
= 78.66 kN/m2

ii) Overturning, Fo = SMr/SMo = 2.23 > 2.00 OK
CASE WITH KEY
c) Passive Pressure
p5 = 57.00 kN/m2 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T] + [0.5 (p6 + p7) x B5]
p6 = 78.66 kN/m2 = 60.03 kN/m
p7 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T + B5)
= 101.64 kN/m2

i) Sliding, Fs = 2.1 > 1.50 OK
ii) Overturning, Fo = 2.26 > 2.00 OK
iii) Eccentricity, e = 0.32 m B/6 = 0.40 m OK
p8 = 111.68 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p11 = 12.41 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p9 = 80.66 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m3 OK
p10 = 66.18 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

= 70.59 = 83.04 kN/m
Fh1 = Wh x B4 p10 > p11
p10 > p11 = 81.53 kN/m
Fh2 = 0.5*(p10-p11) x B4
= 34.95
Fh3 = p11 x B4
= 16.13
c) Toe (cantilevel)
= 28.37 kN/m2 = -71.19 kN/m
p8> p9 = -37.28
Fe2 = 0.5 x (p8-p9) x B3
= 11.63
Fe3 = p9 x B3
= 60.50
d) Key (cantilevel)
Fk = 19.09
Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]

= 6.77 kN/m
Moment, kNm/m
F1 x Z1
30.697
F2 x Z2
49.704
F3 x Z3
17.393
F4 x Z4
1.567
F5 x Z5
4.297
kNm/m
Moment, kNm/m
W1 x L1
14.400
W2 x L2
4.590
W3 x L3
26.266
W4 x L4
141.091
W5 x L5
44.700
W6 x L6
2.953
kNm/m
STRUCTURAL DESIGN b,bottom Wall a,top Heel

B2 350 mm 275 mm 380
c 50 mm 50 mm 75
M 151.26 kN/m/m 75.63 kN/m/m 81.53
φt 16 mm 12 mm 12
fcu 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25
d = h-c-φt/2-φp 292 mm 219 mm 299
d' = c+φp+φt/2 58 mm 56 mm 81
K = M / bd2fcu 0.071 < 0.156 0.063 < 0.156 0.036
z = d [ 0. 5 + √ 0 . 25 − K /0 . 9 ] 0.914 d (max 0.95d) 0.924 d (max 0.95d) 0.958
So, use as calculated 266.80 mm 202.39 mm 284.05
As = M / 0.95fyz 1297 mm2/m 855 mm2/m 657
As min 455 mm2/m 358 mm2/m 494
As req 1297 mm2/m 855 mm2/m 657
As provided OK 1341 mm2/m 905 mm2/m OK 754
01 T 16 - 150 12 - 125 05 12 -
V= kN/m 110.23 OK 55.12 OK 83.04
v= V/(bd) 0.3775 0.2517 0.2777
vc= (0.79/gm)(100As/ 0.5275 0.5472 0.4294
bd)1/3(400/d)1/4(fcu/25)1/3
As = 1/3*AS 01 432 mm2/m 285 mm2/m
As min 455 mm2/m 358 mm2/m 494
As req 455 358 494
As provided OK 524mm2/m 393mm2/m OK 524
02 T 10 - 150 10 - 200 06 10 -
As min 455 mm2/m 358 mm2/m 494
03&04 T 10 - 150 10 - 200 07&08 10 -
Saiz Bar 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125
10 262 286 314 349 393 449 524 628
12 377 411 452 503 566 646 754 905

16 670 731 804 894 1005 1149 1341 1609
20 1047 1143 1257 1396 1571 1795 2095 2514
25 1636 1785 1964 2182 2455 2805 3273 3928

32 2681 2925 3217 3575 4022 4596 5362 6435
Heel Toe Key
mm 380 mm 350 mm
mm 75 mm 50 mm
kN/m/m - 37.28 kN/m/m 6.77 kN/m/m
mm 10 mm 10 mm
N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3
mm 300 mm 295 mm
mm 80 mm 55 mm
< 0.156 0.017 < 0.156 0.003 < 0.156
d (max 0.95d) 0.981 d (max 0.95d) 0.997 d (max 0.95d)
mm 285.00 mm 280.25 mm
mm2/m 299 mm2/m 55 mm2/m
mm2/m 494 mm2/m 455 mm2/m
mm2/m 494 mm2/m 455 mm2/m
mm2/m OK 524 mm2/m OK 524 mm2/m
150 09 10 - 150 13 10 - 150
OK - 71.19 OK 19.09 OK
0.2373 0.0647
0.3795 0.3833
mm2/m 494 mm2/m 455 mm2/m

494 455
mm2/m OK 524mm2/m OK 524 mm2/m
150 010 10 - 150 14 10 - 150
mm2/m 494 mm2/m 455 mm2/m
150 11&12 10 150 15 10 - 150
100 75 50
786 1047 1571
1131 1508 2262

2011 2681 4022
3142 4189 6284
4909 6546 9819

8044 10725 16087

Fill Base Density

2) Wall with sloping filled ground behind the wall 3) RW resting on filled ground
Ka = 0.4142 Kp = 3.0000
b) Dimension
H1 = 4.00 m B= 3.20 m (0.5~1) H1
H2 = 1.33 m B1 = 0.27 m H1/15
H3 = 1.00 m B2 = 0.47 m (1.75~2) B1 @ H1/10
H4 = 5.13 m B3 = 1.00 m
H5 = 1.83 m B4 = 1.73 m
H6 = 3.30 m B5 = 0.50 m 2~3B6
H7 = 4.63 m B6 = 0.47 m
T= 0.50 m H1/ 8 B7 = 0.20 m
2 STABILITY
= 4.142 = 21.248 = 2.565 =
= 25.970 = 40.267 = 2.930 =
= 6.966 = 44.660 = 0.915 =
= 17.952 = 5.989 = 0.610 =
F5 = 0.5 x p4 x H5 Z5 = H5/3 Mo5 =
= 16.426 = 0.610 =
b) Restoring Moment
W1 = H1 x B1 x gc L1 = B3 + B2 - (B1/2) Mr1 =
= 25.6 = 1.3333333 =
W2 = 0.5 x H1 x B7 x gc L2 = B3 + [(2/3) x B7] Mr2 =
= 9.6 = 1.133 =
W3 = B x T x gc L3 = B/2 Mr3 =
= 38.4 = 1.6 =
= 142.107 = 2.354 =
W5 = (F2 + F3 + F4) x Tanb L5 = B Mr5 =
= 33.091 = 3.20 =
W6 = B2 x B5 x gc L6= B3+B2/2 Mr6 =
= 5.600 = 1.23 =
= 9.625
CASE WITHOUT KEY

c) Passive Pressure
p5 = Kp x gt x H3 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T]
= 57.00 kN/m2 = 35.63 kN/m
p6 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T)
= 85.50 kN/m2

CASE WITH KEY
c) Passive Pressure
p5 = 57.00 kN/m2 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T] + [0.5 (p6 + p7) x B5]
p6 = 85.50 kN/m2 = 85.88 kN/m
p7 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T + B5)
= 115.50 kN/m2

i) Sliding, Fs = 2.05 > 1.50 OK
p8 = 138.20 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p11 = 26.81 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p9 = 103.39 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m3 OK
p10 = 87.15 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

= 93.99 = 136.15 kN/m
Fh1 = Wh x B4 p10 > p11
p10 > p11 = 179.30 kN/m
Fh2 = 0.5*(p10-p11) x B4
= 52.29
Fh3 = p11 x B4
= 46.47
c) Toe (cantilevel)
= 31.25 kN/m2 = -125.37 kN/m
p8> p9 = -86.81
Fe2 = 0.5 x (p8-p9) x B3
= 17.41
Fe3 = p9 x B3
= 103.39
d) Key (cantilevel)
Fk = 26.83
Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]

= 12.52 kN/m
Moment, kNm/m
F1 x Z1
54.502
F2 x Z2
117.982
F3 x Z3
40.864
F4 x Z4
3.654
F5 x Z5
10.020
kNm/m
Moment, kNm/m
W1 x L1
34.133
W2 x L2
10.880
W3 x L3
61.440
W4 x L4
334.581
W5 x L5
105.890
W6 x L6
6.907
kNm/m

B2 467 mm 367 mm 500
c 50 mm 50 mm 75
M 328.73 kN/m/m 164.37 kN/m/m 179.30
φt 20 mm 16 mm 12
fcu 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25
d = h-c-φt/2-φp 406.66667 mm 308.66667 mm 419
d' = c+φp+φt/2 60 mm 58 mm 81
K = M / bd2fcu 0.080 < 0.156 0.069 < 0.156 0.041
z = d [ 0. 5 + √ 0 . 25 − K /0 . 9 ] 0.902 d (max 0.95d) 0.916 d (max 0.95d) 0.952
As = M / 0.95fyz 2051 mm2/m 1330 mm2/m 1031
As min 607 mm2/m 477 mm2/m 650
As req 2051 mm /m
2 1330 mm2/m 1031
01 T 20 - 150 16 - 150 05 12 -
V= kN/m 184.28 OK 92.14 OK 136.15
v= V/(bd) 0.4531 0.2985 0.3249
vc= (0.79/gm)(100As/ 0.5045 0.5107 0.4037
bd)1/3(400/d)1/4(fcu/25)1/3
As = 1/3*AS 01 684 mm2/m 443 mm2/m
As min 607 mm2/m 477 mm2/m 650
As req 684 477 650
02 T 12 - 150 12 - 225 06 12 -
As min 607 mm2/m 477 mm2/m 650
03&04 T 12 - 175 12 - 225 07&08 12 -
Saiz Bar 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125
10 262 286 314 349 393 449 524 628
12 377 411 452 503 566 646 754 905

16 670 731 804 894 1005 1149 1341 1609
20 1047 1143 1257 1396 1571 1795 2095 2514
25 1636 1785 1964 2182 2455 2805 3273 3928

32 2681 2925 3217 3575 4022 4596 5362 6435
Heel Toe Key
mm 500 mm 467 mm
mm 75 mm 50 mm
kN/m/m - 86.81 kN/m/m 12.52 kN/m/m
mm 12 mm 12 mm
N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3
mm 419 mm 410.6666667 mm
mm 81 mm 56 mm
< 0.156 0.020 < 0.156 0.003 < 0.156
mm 398.05 mm 390.13 mm
mm2/m 499 mm2/m 73 mm2/m
mm2/m 650 mm2/m 607 mm2/m
mm2/m 650 mm2/m 607 mm2/m
100 09 12 - 150 13 12 - 175
OK - 125.37 OK 26.83 OK
0.2992 0.0653
0.3527 0.3390
mm2/m 650 mm2/m 607 mm2/m

650 607
150 010 12 - 150 14 12 - 175
mm2/m 650 mm2/m 607 mm2/m
150 11&12 12 150 15 12 - 175
100 75 50
786 1047 1571
1131 1508 2262

2011 2681 4022
3142 4189 6284
4909 6546 9819

8044 10725 16087

Fill Base Density

Ka = 0.4142 Kp = 3.0000
b) Dimension
H1 = 5.00 m B= 4.00 m (0.5~1) H1
H2 = 1.67 m B1 = 0.33 m H1/15
H3 = 1.00 m B2 = 0.58 m (1.75~2) B1 @ H1/10
H4 = 6.42 m B3 = 1.25 m
H5 = 2.30 m B4 = 2.17 m
H6 = 4.12 m B5 = 0.63 m 2~3B6
H7 = 5.79 m B6 = 0.58 m
T= 0.63 m H1/ 8 B7 = 0.25 m
2 STABILITY
= 4.142 = 26.592 = 3.210 =
= 32.424 = 62.764 = 3.673 =
= 8.755 = 70.077 = 1.150 =
= 22.563 = 9.461 = 0.767 =
F5 = 0.5 x p4 x H5 Z5 = H5/3 Mo5 =
= 25.947 = 0.767 =
b) Restoring Moment
W1 = H1 x B1 x gc L1 = B3 + B2 - (B1/2) Mr1 =
= 40 = 1.6666667 =
W2 = 0.5 x H1 x B7 x gc L2 = B3 + [(2/3) x B7] Mr2 =
= 15 = 1.417 =
W3 = B x T x gc L3 = B/2 Mr3 =
= 60.48 = 2 =
= 222.094 = 2.943 =
W5 = (F2 + F3 + F4) x Tanb L5 = B Mr5 =
= 51.794 = 4.00 =
W6 = B2 x B5 x gc L6= B3+B2/2 Mr6 =
= 8.820 = 1.54 =
= 15.159
CASE WITHOUT KEY

c) Passive Pressure
p5 = Kp x gt x H3 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T]
= 57.00 kN/m2 = 47.22 kN/m
p6 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T)
= 92.91 kN/m2

CASE WITH KEY
c) Passive Pressure
p5 = 57.00 kN/m2 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T] + [0.5 (p6 + p7) x B5]
p6 = 92.91 kN/m2 = 117.60 kN/m
p7 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T + B5)
= 130.52 kN/m2

i) Sliding, Fs = 2.03 > 1.50 OK
p8 = 165.34 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p11 = 41.34 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p9 = 126.59 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m3 OK
p10 = 108.51 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

= 117.63 = 202.05 kN/m
Fh1 = Wh x B4 p10 > p11
p10 > p11 = 334.23 kN/m
Fh2 = 0.5*(p10-p11) x B4
= 72.77
Fh3 = p11 x B4
= 89.57
c) Toe (cantilevel)
= 34.37 kN/m2 = -195.30 kN/m
p8> p9 = -168.22
Fe2 = 0.5 x (p8-p9) x B3
= 24.22
Fe3 = p9 x B3
= 158.24
d) Key (cantilevel)
Fk = 35.56
Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]

= 20.91 kN/m
Moment, kNm/m
F1 x Z1
85.359
F2 x Z2
230.555
F3 x Z3
80.588
F4 x Z4
7.253
F5 x Z5
19.893
kNm/m
Moment, kNm/m
W1 x L1
66.667
W2 x L2
21.250
W3 x L3
120.960
W4 x L4
653.647
W5 x L5
207.175
W6 x L6
13.597
kNm/m

B2 583 mm 458 mm 630
c 50 mm 50 mm 75
M 610.18 kN/m/m 305.09 kN/m/m 334.23
φt 25 mm 16 mm 16
fcu 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25
d = h-c-φt/2-φp 520.83333 mm 400.33333 mm 547
d' = c+φp+φt/2 62.5 mm 58 mm 83
K = M / bd2fcu 0.090 < 0.156 0.076 < 0.156 0.045
z = d [ 0. 5 + √ 0 . 25 − K /0 . 9 ] 0.887 d (max 0.95d) 0.907 d (max 0.95d) 0.948
As = M / 0.95fyz 3021 mm2/m 1923 mm2/m 1476
As min 758 mm2/m 596 mm2/m 819
As req 3021 mm /m
2 1923 mm2/m 1476
01 T 25 - 125 16 - 100 05 16 -
V= kN/m 278.10 OK 139.05 OK 202.05
v= V/(bd) 0.5339 0.3473 0.3694
vc= (0.79/gm)(100As/ 0.5385 0.5023 0.3887
bd)1/3(400/d)1/4(fcu/25)1/3
As = 1/3*AS 01 1007 mm2/m 641 mm2/m
As min 758 mm2/m 596 mm2/m 819
As req 1007 641 819
02 T 12 - 100 12 - 175 06 12 -
As min 758 mm2/m 596 mm2/m 819
03&04 T 12 - 125 12 - 175 07&08 12 -
Saiz Bar 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125
10 262 286 314 349 393 449 524 628
12 377 411 452 503 566 646 754 905

16 670 731 804 894 1005 1149 1341 1609
20 1047 1143 1257 1396 1571 1795 2095 2514
25 1636 1785 1964 2182 2455 2805 3273 3928

32 2681 2925 3217 3575 4022 4596 5362 6435
Heel Toe Key
mm 630 mm 583 mm
mm 75 mm 50 mm
kN/m/m - 168.22 kN/m/m 20.91 kN/m/m
mm 12 mm 12 mm
N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3
mm 549 mm 527.3333333 mm
mm 81 mm 56 mm
< 0.156 0.022 < 0.156 0.003 < 0.156
mm 521.55 mm 500.97 mm
mm2/m 738 mm2/m 96 mm2/m
mm2/m 819 mm2/m 758 mm2/m
mm2/m 819 mm2/m 758 mm2/m
125 09 12 - 125 13 12 - 125
OK - 195.30 FAIL 35.56 OK
0.3557 0.0674
0.3201 0.3278
mm2/m 819 mm2/m 758 mm2/m

819 758
125 010 12 - 125 14 12 - 125
mm2/m 819 mm2/m 758 mm2/m
125 11&12 12 125 15 12 - 125
100 75 50
786 1047 1571
1131 1508 2262

2011 2681 4022
3142 4189 6284
4909 6546 9819

8044 10725 16087

Fill Base Density

Ka = 0.4142 Kp = 3.0000
b) Dimension
H1 = 6.00 m B= 4.80 m (0.5~1) H1
H2 = 2.00 m B1 = 0.40 m H1/15
H3 = 1.00 m B2 = 0.72 m (1.75~2) B1 @ H1/10
H4 = 7.69 m B3 = 1.50 m
H5 = 2.75 m B4 = 2.58 m
H6 = 4.94 m B5 = 0.75 m 2~3B6
H7 = 6.94 m B6 = 0.72 m
T= 0.75 m H1/ 8 B7 = 0.32 m
2 STABILITY
p1 = Ka x qa F1 = p1 x H4 Z1 = 0.5 x H4 Mo1 = F1 x Z1
= 4.142 = 31.852 = 3.845 = 122.471
p2 = Ka x gt x H6 F2 = 0.5 x p2 x H6 x cosb Z2 = H5 + (H6/3) Mo2 = F2 x Z2
= 38.877 = 90.235 = 4.397 = 396.732
p3 = Ka x (gt-gw) x H5 F3 = p2 x H5 x cosb Z3 = H5/2 Mo3 = F3 x Z3
= 10.468 = 100.464 = 1.375 = 138.138
p4 = gw x H5 F4 = 0.5 x p3 x H5 x cosb Z4 = H5/3 Mo4 = F4 x Z4
= 26.978 = 13.525 = 0.917 = 12.398
F5 = 0.5 x p4 x H5 Z5 = H5/3 Mo5 = F5 x Z5
= 37.094 = 0.917 = 34.003
Total Horizontal Force, SF = 273.17 kN/m Total Overturning Moment, SMo = 703.74 kNm/m
b) Restoring Moment
W1 = H1 x B1 x gc L1 = B3 + B2 - (B1/2) Mr1 = W1 x L1
= 57.6 = 2.02 = 116.352
W2 = 0.5 x H1 x B7 x gc L2 = B3 + [(2/3) x B7] Mr2 = W2 x L2
= 23.04 = 1.713 = 39.475
W3 = B x T x gc L3 = B/2 Mr3 = W3 x L3
= 86.4 = 2.4 = 207.360
W4 = 0.5 x (H1 + H7) x B4 x gt L4 = B3 + B2 + [(B4/3) x (H1+2H7)/(H1+H7)] Mr4 = W4 x L4
= 317.159 = 3.541 = 1123.136
W5 = (F2 + F3 + F4) x Tanb L5 = B Mr5 = W5 x L5
= 74.331 = 4.80 = 356.790
W6 = B2 x B5 x gc L6= B3+B2/2 Mr6 = W6 x L6
= 12.960 = 1.86 = 24.106
= 21.656
Total Vertical Force, SW = 593.15 kN/m Total Resisting Moment, SMr = 1867.22 kNm/m
CASE WITHOUT KEY

c) Passive Pressure
p5 = Kp x gt x H3 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T]
= 57.00 kN/m2 = 58.78 kN/m
p6 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T)
= 99.75 kN/m2

CASE WITH KEY
c) Passive Pressure
p5 = 57.00 kN/m2 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T] + [0.5 (p6 + p7) x B5]
p6 = 99.75 kN/m2 = 150.33 kN/m
p7 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T + B5)
= 144.38 kN/m2

i) Sliding, Fs = 1.96 > 1.50 OK
p8 = 191.54 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p11 = 55.61 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p9 = 149.06 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m3 OK
p10 = 128.67 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

= 140.93 = 280.30 kN/m
Fh1 = Wh x B4 p10 > p11
p10 > p11 = 552.56 kN/m
Fh2 = 0.5*(p10-p11) x B4
= 94.25
Fh3 = p11 x B4
= 143.47
c) Toe (cantilevel)
= 37.25 kN/m2 = -279.40 kN/m
p8> p9 = -287.81
Fe2 = 0.5 x (p8-p9) x B3
= 31.86
Fe3 = p9 x B3
= 223.59
d) Key (cantilevel)
Fk = 44.57
Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]

= 31.20 kN/m
STRUCTURAL DESIGN b,bottom Wall a,top Heel Toe Key

B2 720 mm 560 mm 750 mm 750 mm 255 mm
c 50 mm 50 mm 75 mm 75 mm 50 mm
M 1009.73 kN/m/m 504.87 kN/m/m 552.56 kN/m/m - 287.81 kN/m/m 31.20 kN/m/m
φt 32 mm 20 mm 20 mm 16 mm 12 mm
fcu 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3
d = h-c-φt/2-φp 654 mm 500 mm 665 mm 667 mm 199 mm
d' = c+φp+φt/2 66 mm 60 mm 85 mm 83 mm 56 mm
K = M / bd2fcu 0.094 < 0.156 0.081 < 0.156 0.050 < 0.156 0.026 < 0.156 0.032 < 0.156
z = d [ 0. 5 + √ 0 . 25 − K /0 . 9 ] 0.881 d (max 0.95d) 0.900 d (max 0.95d) 0.941 d (max 0.95d) 0.970 d (max 0.95d) 0.964 d (max 0.95d)
So, use as calculated 576.10 mm 450.15 mm 625.75 mm 633.65 mm 189.05 mm
As = M / 0.95fyz 4011 mm2/m 2566 mm2/m 2021 mm2/m 1039 mm2/m 378 mm2/m
As min 936 mm2/m 728 mm2/m 975 mm2/m 975 mm2/m 332 mm2/m
As req 4011 mm2/m 2566 mm2/m 2021 mm2/m 1039 mm2/m 378 mm2/m
As provided OK 8044 mm2/m 3142 mm2/m OK 3142 mm2/m OK 2681 mm2/m OK 411 mm2/m
01 T 32 - 100 20 - 100 05 20 - 100 09 16 - 75 13 12 - 275
V= kN/m 388.81 OK 194.40 OK 280.30 OK - 279.40 FAIL 44.57 OK
v= V/(bd) 0.5945 0.3888 0.4215 0.4189 0.224
vc= (0.79/gm)(100As/ 0.5988 0.5120 0.4335 0.4105 0.4449
bd)1/3(400/d)1/4(fcu/25)1/3
As = 1/3*AS 01 1337 mm2/m 855 mm2/m
As req 1337 855 975 975 332
02 T 20 - 225 12 - 125 06 12 - 100 010 12 - 100 14 10 - 225
03&04 T 16 - 200 12 - 150 07&08 12 - 100 11&12 12 100 15 10 - 225

Fill Base Density

Ka = 0.4142 Kp = 3.0000
b) Dimension
H1 = 7.00 m B= 5.60 m (0.5~1) H1
H2 = 2.33 m B1 = 0.47 m H1/15
H3 = 1.00 m B2 = 0.93 m (1.75~2) B1 @ H1/10
H4 = 8.94 m B3 = 1.75 m
H5 = 3.21 m B4 = 2.92 m
H6 = 5.73 m B5 = 0.88 m 2~3B6
H7 = 8.06 m B6 = 0.93 m
T= 0.88 m H1/ 8 B7 = 0.47 m
2 STABILITY
p1 = Ka x qa F1 = p1 x H4 Z1 = 0.5 x H4 Mo1 = F1 x Z1
= 4.142 = 37.029 = 4.470 = 165.522
p2 = Ka x gt x H6 F2 = 0.5 x p2 x H6 x cosb Z2 = H5 + (H6/3) Mo2 = F2 x Z2
= 45.094 = 121.403 = 5.120 = 621.582
p3 = Ka x (gt-gw) x H5 F3 = p2 x H5 x cosb Z3 = H5/2 Mo3 = F3 x Z3
= 12.219 = 136.022 = 1.605 = 218.315
p4 = gw x H5 F4 = 0.5 x p3 x H5 x cosb Z4 = H5/3 Mo4 = F4 x Z4
= 31.490 = 18.429 = 1.070 = 19.719
F5 = 0.5 x p4 x H5 Z5 = H5/3 Mo5 = F5 x Z5
= 50.542 = 1.070 = 54.080
Total Horizontal Force, SF = 363.42 kN/m Total Overturning Moment, SMo = 1079.22 kNm/m
b) Restoring Moment
W1 = H1 x B1 x gc L1 = B3 + B2 - (B1/2) Mr1 = W1 x L1
= 78.4 = 2.45 = 192.080
W2 = 0.5 x H1 x B7 x gc L2 = B3 + [(2/3) x B7] Mr2 = W2 x L2
= 39.2 = 2.061 = 80.796
W3 = B x T x gc L3 = B/2 Mr3 = W3 x L3
= 118.272 = 2.8 = 331.162
W4 = 0.5 x (H1 + H7) x B4 x gt L4 = B3 + B2 + [(B4/3) x (H1+2H7)/(H1+H7)] Mr4 = W4 x L4
= 417.287 = 4.176 = 1742.543
W5 = (F2 + F3 + F4) x Tanb L5 = B Mr5 = W5 x L5
= 100.402 = 5.60 = 562.254
W6 = B2 x B5 x gc L6= B3+B2/2 Mr6 = W6 x L6
= 19.712 = 2.22 = 43.695
= 29.645
Total Vertical Force, SW = 802.92 kN/m Total Resisting Moment, SMr = 2952.53 kNm/m
CASE WITHOUT KEY

c) Passive Pressure
p5 = Kp x gt x H3 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T]
= 57.00 kN/m2 = 72.23 kN/m
p6 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T)
= 107.16 kN/m2

CASE WITH KEY
c) Passive Pressure
p5 = 57.00 kN/m2 Fp = [0.5 (p5 + p6) x T] + [0.5 (p6 + p7) x B5]
p6 = 107.16 kN/m2 = 189.51 kN/m
p7 = Kp x gt x (H3 + T + B5)
= 159.39 kN/m2

i) Sliding, Fs = 1.96 > 1.50 OK
p8 = 215.58 kN/m2 > 200.00 kN/m2 FAIL
p11 = 71.18 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
p9 = 170.46 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m3 OK
p10 = 146.39 kN/m2 < 200.00 kN/m2 OK
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

= 164.19 = 366.80 kN/m
Fh1 = Wh x B4 p10 > p11
p10 > p11 = 814.55 kN/m
Fh2 = 0.5*(p10-p11) x B4
= 109.68
Fh3 = p11 x B4
= 207.61
c) Toe (cantilevel)
= 40.37 kN/m2 = -374.00 kN/m
p8> p9 = -449.06
Fe2 = 0.5 x (p8-p9) x B3
= 39.48
Fe3 = p9 x B3
= 298.31
d) Key (cantilevel)
Fk = 54.11
Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]

= 44.44 kN/m
STRUCTURAL DESIGN b,bottom Wall a,top Heel Toe Key

B2 933 mm 700 mm 880 mm 880 mm 933 mm
c 50 mm 50 mm 75 mm 75 mm 50 mm
M 1544.01 kN/m/m 772.00 kN/m/m 814.55 kN/m/m - 449.06 kN/m/m 44.44 kN/m/m
φt 12 mm 12 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm
fcu 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3 25 N/mm3
d = h-c-φt/2-φp 877.33333 mm 644 mm 800 mm 800 mm 878.3333333 mm
d' = c+φp+φt/2 56 mm 56 mm 80 mm 80 mm 55 mm
K = M / bd2fcu 0.080 < 0.156 0.074 < 0.156 0.051 < 0.156 0.028 < 0.156 0.002 < 0.156
z = d [ 0. 5 + √ 0 . 25 − K /0 . 9 ] 0.901 d (max 0.95d) 0.909 d (max 0.95d) 0.940 d (max 0.95d) 0.968 d (max 0.95d) 0.997 d (max 0.95d)
So, use as calculated 790.53 mm 585.39 mm 751.85 mm 760.00 mm 834.42 mm
As = M / 0.95fyz 4469 mm2/m 3018 mm2/m 2479 mm2/m 1352 mm2/m 122 mm2/m
As req 4469 mm2/m 3018 mm2/m 2479 mm2/m 1352 mm2/m 1213 mm2/m
01 T 32 - 75 25 - 150 05 25 - 75 09 25 - 100 13 16 - 150
V= kN/m 516.20 FAIL 258.10 OK 366.80 OK - 374.00 FAIL 54.11 OK
v= V/(bd) 0.5884 0.4008 0.4585 0.4675 0.0616
vc= (0.79/gm)(100As/ 0.5553 0.4477 0.4971 0.4516 0.2775
bd)1/3(400/d)1/4(fcu/25)1/3
As = 1/3*AS 01 1490 mm2/m 1006 mm2/m
As req 1490 1006 1144 1144 1213
02 T 16 - 125 16 - 175 06 16 - 175 010 16 - 175 14 16 - 150
03&04 T 16 - 150 16 - 200 07&08 16 - 175 11&12 16 175 15 16 - 150
Design steps
1 f and b to get Ka and Kp
2 g, c, f to know the bearing capacity, qa 1) water level below RW base
3 where is the water level?- above @ below RW base 2) water level above RW base
4 RW got key?
5 RW got slope behind?

1) Slope With Filled Ground - (30-4-07)

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1) Slope With Filled Ground - (30-4-07)

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12/19/2023

CANTILEVEL WALL SCHEDULE

Rankine Active Earth Pressure for Inclined Backfill

0 Kp 3.0000 3.3921 3.3921 3.3921 3.3921

DESIGN SOIL PARAMETER

General Bearing Capacity, Meyerhof (1963)

qu = c'NcFcsFcdFci + qNqFqsFqdFqi + 0.5gBNgFgdFgi

Nq = Kp ep tanf' 18.38 26.06 26.06 26.06 26.06

Fcs = 1+ 0.2 (B/L) Kp 1.6 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68

Fcd = 1+ 0.2 (D/L) Kp1/2 1.69 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.74

qu 1649.47 2499.28 2867.61 3123.14 4085.43

qa = qu / SF 412.37 624.82 716.9 780.79 1021.36

Recommended qa, (kN/m ) 2

1 DESIGN PARAMETER Soil

a) Coefficient of Earth Pressure

CASE WITHOUT KEY

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

a) Wall Stem (cantilevel)

STRUCTURAL DESIGN b,bottom Wall a,top Heel Toe

1 DESIGN PARAMETER Soil

a) Coefficient of Earth Pressure

CASE WITHOUT KEY

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

a) Wall Stem (cantilevel)

Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]

STRUCTURAL DESIGN b,bottom Wall a,top Heel

12 377 411 452 503 566 646 754 905

25 1636 1785 1964 2182 2455 2805 3273 3928

mm2/m 494 mm2/m 455 mm2/m

1131 1508 2262

4909 6546 9819

1 DESIGN PARAMETER Soil

a) Coefficient of Earth Pressure

CASE WITHOUT KEY

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

a) Wall Stem (cantilevel)

Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]

STRUCTURAL DESIGN b,bottom Wall a,top Heel

12 377 411 452 503 566 646 754 905

25 1636 1785 1964 2182 2455 2805 3273 3928

mm2/m 650 mm2/m 607 mm2/m

1131 1508 2262

4909 6546 9819

1 DESIGN PARAMETER Soil

a) Coefficient of Earth Pressure

CASE WITHOUT KEY

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure

a) Wall Stem (cantilevel)

Mult = 1.4[Fk (2/3)B5]

STRUCTURAL DESIGN b,bottom Wall a,top Heel

12 377 411 452 503 566 646 754 905

25 1636 1785 1964 2182 2455 2805 3273 3928

mm2/m 819 mm2/m 758 mm2/m

1131 1508 2262

4909 6546 9819

1 DESIGN PARAMETER Soil

a) Coefficient of Earth Pressure

CASE WITHOUT KEY

d) Safety Factor & Soil Bearing Pressure