1. a.

Determine the equation of the line passing through the point 𝑀(2, −3)
perpendicular to the line with equations
i. −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 7 = 0
ii. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5
(10 marks)

b. (i).Given that A, B and C are three points on a plane. If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑐, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎,

𝐴𝐶 = 𝑏. If AD is h and D is a point at the foot of the perpendicular from C
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
to AB. Show that = 𝑏 , where ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵, ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴 and
𝑎
∠𝐴 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐶. (10 marks)
(ii) By using the sine rule, find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 in the triangle below

2. i. In the diagram below, 𝐴𝑂𝐵 is a straight line, 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 are points on the
circumference of the circle with center 𝑂. 𝐴𝐶 is a tangent to the circle.
Work out the size of the angle 𝑦.

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 (12 marks)
Determine, whether the indicated side lengths can form a rectangle..
ii. 5𝑐𝑚, 7𝑐𝑚, 14𝑐𝑚
iii. 6.9𝑐𝑚, 4.5𝑐𝑚, 10.5𝑐𝑚
iv. What law is used here?
v. State the law (8 marks)

3. a. If 𝑟 is the radius of a circle, with centre 𝑂 and if 𝐴 is any point inside the
circle, show that the product 𝐶𝐴 . 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑟 2 − 𝑂𝐴2 , where 𝐶𝐷 is a chord
through 𝐴. (6 marks)
b. (i). Solve 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1, where 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋 (8 marks)
1 √3
(ii). Given that sin 30° = and cos 30° = , use the concept of double
2 2
angle to determine the values of sin 60° and cos 60°. (6 marks)

4. a. Given that the equation of a circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 11 = 0,

determine
i. the center of the circle
ii. the radius of the circle (8 marks)
b. The angle subtended by a diameter of a circle at the circumference is a right
angle. Prove this circle theorem with a diagram (12 marks)

5. a) Construct a quadrilateral 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 with |𝑄𝑅| = 8.5𝑐𝑚, |𝑄𝑃| =

4.5𝑐𝑚, ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 75° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑄𝑅𝑆 = 45°. (12 marks)
b) Construct a line parallel to QR through P to RS at S.
c) Measure |𝑃𝑆| and |𝑅𝑆| (4 marks)
d) Find the area of the constructed quadrilateral. (4 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
COURSE CODE: JBM242
COURSE TITLE: LEARNING, TEACHING AND APPLYING EUCLIDEAN
GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

1.

a. Giving the point 𝑀(2, −3)

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 i. −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 7 = 0
2𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7
3𝑥 7
𝑦= 2 +2 M1
3 2
𝑚1 = 2 , 𝑚2 = − 3 B1
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) B1
2
𝑦 − −3 = − 3 (𝑥 − 2)
2𝑥 4
𝑦+3 = − −3 M1
3
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠 3𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 13 = 0 A1

ii. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5
2𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 M1
𝑥 5
𝑦=2−2 M1
1
𝑚1 = 2 , 𝑚2 = −2 B1
𝑦 − −3 = −2(𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 + 3 = −2𝑥 + 4 M1
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 0 A1

b.

B1 for diagram

ℎ
From the diagram, sin 𝐴 = 𝑏 ℎ = 𝑏 sin 𝐴…………….(1) M1

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 ℎ
sin 𝐵 = 𝑎 ℎ = 𝑎 sin 𝐵 ……………(2) M1

Let (1) = (2): 𝑏 sin 𝐴= 𝑎 sin 𝐵

sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
By simplification, = M1A1
𝑎 𝑏

(ii)

sin 70° sin 𝑦

= M1
10 8

sin 𝑦 = 0.8 × sin 70° ≈ 0.75175

𝑦 = sin−1 0.75175 = 48.7° ≈ 49° M1A1
For 𝑥
70 + 49 + 𝑥 = 180 M1
𝑥 = 108 − 119 = 61° A1

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 2.
a. From the diagram, 𝐴𝑂𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ∠𝑂𝐴𝐶 = 46° 𝑎𝑛𝑑
∠𝐴𝐶𝑂 = 90° since the radius 𝑂𝐶 makes a perpendicular distance with tangent
𝐴𝐶. B2
l46° + ∠𝐴𝐶𝑂 + ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 180° (sum of interior angles of triangle) M1A1
146° + 90° + ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 180°
136° + ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 180 M1A1
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 180 − 136 M1
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 44° A1
Considering chord 𝐷𝐶, the angle subtended by a chord or an arc at the center
of a circle is twice the angle it subtends at the circumference. B1
2𝑦 = 44° M1
44°
𝑦= = 22° M1
2

∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑦 = 22° A1

b.
i. 5 + 7 = 12 < 14 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
5 + 14 = 19 > 7 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒
7 + 14 = 21 > 5 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 B2

ii. 6.9 + 4.5 = 11.4 > 10.5 true

6.9 + 10.5 = 17.4 > 4.5 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒
4.5 + 10.5 = 15 > 6.9 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 B2
Thus 6.9𝑐𝑚, 4.5𝑐𝑚, 10.5𝑐𝑚 side lengths can form a triangle.
B1

iii. Triangle Inequality Law B1

iv. The triangle inequality law states that the sum of the lengths of any
two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side.
B2

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3
a. Sketch

B2 for diagram
From the figure above triangle 𝑂𝐴𝐶 is a right − angled triangle, 𝑂𝐶 is radius 𝑟,
By Pythagoras theorem: |𝑂𝐶|2 = |𝑂𝐴|2 + |𝐶𝐴|2 B1
=> 𝑟 2 − |𝑂𝐴|2 = |𝐶𝐴|2
But |𝐶𝐴| = |𝐴𝐷| since 𝐴𝐷 is the perpendicular distance of chord 𝐶𝐷 B1
|𝐶𝐴|2 = |𝐶𝐴| × |𝐶𝐴| M1
=> |𝐶𝐴|2 = |𝐶𝐴| × |𝐴𝐷| = |𝐶𝐴|. |𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝑟 2 − |𝑂𝐴| 2 = |𝐶𝐴|. |𝐴𝐷|
Hence 𝐶𝐴. 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑟 2 − 𝑂𝐴2 showed A1
b.
i. Given sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 1
sin 𝑥 = 1 − cos 𝑥
sin2 𝑥 = (1 − cos 𝑥)^2 square both sides
2 2
sin 𝑥 = 1 − 2 cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 M1
but 1 = sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥
1 − cos 2 𝑥 = 1 − 2 cos 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 M1
cos 2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑥 + 1 − 1 = 0 M1
2 cos 2 𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑥 = 0 M1
2 cos 𝑥(cos 𝑥 − 1) = 0 M1
=> 2 cos 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 cos 𝑥 − 1 = 0

𝐹𝑜𝑟 2 cos 𝑥 = 0 => cos 𝑥 = 0 M1

𝜋 3𝜋
∴𝑥= ,
2 2
𝐹𝑜𝑟 cos 𝑥 − 1 = 0 => cos 𝑥 = 1 M1
∴𝑥=0

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 𝜋 3𝜋
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋 A1
2

ALT for using sine

ii. sin 60° = sin (30° + 30°)
sin 60° = sin (2 × 30°) M1
= 2 sin 30° cos 30°
1 √3
=2×2× M1
2
√3
∴ sin 60° = A1
2
cos 60° = cos (30° + 30°)
= cos(2 × 30°) M1
= cos 2 30° − sin2 30°
2
√3 1 2
=( ) −( ) M1
2 2
3 1 2
= − =
4 4 4
1
∴ cos 60° = 2 A1

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4.
a.
Standard / general equation of a circle is
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 , (1) B1
where (𝑎, 𝑏) is the center and r is the radius
using the method of completing squares
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + (−1)2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + (−2)2 − 11 = (−1)2 + (−2)2 M1
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 − 11 = 1 + 4 M1

(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 5 + 11 M1
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 16 M1
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 42 (2)
By comparing equation (2) to equation (1)
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 4 M1
i. Center 𝐶(1,2) A1
ii. Radius 𝑟 = 4 A1
Hence the center of the circle is 𝐶 (1,2) and the 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑠 4𝑐𝑚

b.

C
p q

p 2q 2p q
A B
O

B3 for diagram
Chord 𝐶𝐴 subtends twice angle 𝑞 at the center
=> ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 2𝑞 B1
Chord 𝐶𝐵 subtends twice angle 𝑝 at the center
=> ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 2𝑝 B1

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But ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180° (𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒) M1A1
2𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 180° M1
2(𝑝 + 𝑞) = 180° M1
180
𝑝+𝑞= = 90° M1A1
2

∴ ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 90° 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒. Proved

A1
5.

a.
Construction of line QR B2
Construction of angle PQR B4
Construction of angle QRS B4
Construction of the parallel line through S B2

b. |𝑃𝑆| = 2.9 ± 0.1 B1

|𝑅𝑆| = 6.1 ± 0.1 B1
c. ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑢𝑚 = 4.3 ± 0.1 B2
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒: 8.5𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2.9𝑐𝑚
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2 × (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ B1
1
= 2 (8.5 + 2.9) × 4.3 = 24.51 𝑐𝑚2 M1M1A1

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