Higher Technological Institute

Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Off grid PV system sizing
Renewable Energy
Mechanical Engineering Dep.
MEC 257
⇒ Submitted by: Youssef Mohamed Bahaa
ID: 20200231
Gr: 22
⇒ Submitted to:
Dr. Mohamed Salah
Eng. Hany Yahya
December 2023

i
 Acknowledgment

All praises to Allah and His blessing. I thank God for all the opportunities, trials and strength that have been showered on me.

I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Mohamed Salah for his guidance to help us how to get this report done. It has been a great pleasure and honor to have him as my course explainer. And

we all get a huge amount of technical knowledge and life advices from him.
And I would like to express my gratitude to Eng. Hany Yahya for helping us a lot with his advices.

My deepest gratitude goes to him as he gives us a lot of his life experience and how the
engineer’s lifestyle should be.

I offer my special thanks to all my colleagues; for their motivation and the time that we spent together at course.

Finally, my deepest thankfulness goes to all of my family members for supporting me in everything I do.

ii
 Abstract

In this report I will mention what I’ve learned through the whole period of the R.E course, which includes:
▪ Load Estimation

▪ Solar Panel (Selection &Sizing)

▪ Batteries

▪ Charge controller

▪ Inverter

▪ Cost analysis

I’ll go through each one and clarify specifically what it includes. So, this report will include.

iii
 List of Contents

Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ii

Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. iii

1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

2. Load Estimation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

3. Solar panels ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

3.1Selection .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

3.2Specifications .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

3.3 Sizing calculations................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

4. Batteries ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

4.1Selection .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.2 Sizing .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

5. Charge controller ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.1 Sizing .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.2Selection .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.3Specifications .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6. Inverter .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.1 Sizing .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

6.2Selection .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

6.3Specifications .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

7. Cost ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.2Explanations ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

iv
1. Introduction
Photovoltaic systems (PV systems) are a renewable energy technology which transforms the energy from the sun into electricity using
photovoltaics. This photovoltaics, also known as solar panels, provide a reliable green energy solution. When light shines on a
photovoltaic (PV) cell – also called a solar cell – that light may be reflected, absorbed, or pass right through the cell. The PV cell is
composed of semiconductor material; the “semi” means that it can conduct electricity better than an insulator but not as well as a good
conductor like a metal. There are several different semiconductor materials used in PV cells.

When the semiconductor is exposed to light, it absorbs the light’s energy and transfers it to negatively charged particles in the material
called electrons. This extra energy allows the electrons to flow through the material as an electrical current. This current is extracted
through conductive metal contacts – the grid-like lines on a solar cell – and can then be used to power your home and the rest of the
electric grid. The efficiency of a PV cell is simply the amount of electrical power coming out of the cell compared to the energy from the
light shining on it, which indicates how effective the cell is at converting energy from one form to the other.

1
2. Load Estimation

Energy per Energy per

Elements Units Power (W) Runtime
Day (W.h) Week (W.h)

Boiler 1 1500 2h 1500 10500

Fan 2 70 10h 1400 9800

Tv 3 100 5h 1500 10500

2h
Clothes
1 1200 (2 times a - 2400
Washer
week)

Router 1 6 24h 144 1008

Laptop 1 100 7h 700 4900

Dispenser 1 50 24h 1200 8400

Iron 1 1500 1h 1500 10500

LED lamps 10 10 8h 800 5600

3h
Sound
1 70 (1 time a - 210
System
week)
Electric 1.5h (1 time
1 1200 - 1800
Oven a week)

Refrigerator 1 100 24h 2400 16800

▪
Total weekly load = 82200 W.h

▪
Total daily load = 11742.8 W.h
▪
Total peak power = 6266 W

2
3. Solar panels
3.1 Selection

SOLPERK 30W/24V Solar Panel，Solar trickle Charger，Solar Battery Charger and Maintaine, (30W/24V Solar Panel).
We Can see that the cost of the panel is Average 70$

3.2 Specifications
Maximum Power: 30W

▪
▪ Maximum Power Current: 0.834A
▪ Operating Voltage: 24V
▪ Open Circuit Voltage: 43.2V
▪ Short Circuit Current: 0.917A
▪ Weight: 5lb
▪ Dimensions: 18.1*13.4*0.7 inch
▪ Efficiency: 22%

3
3.3 Sizing calculations

2
=300 /

=∶ 18.1 ∗ 13.4 ∗ 0.0254 = 6.16

= 22%

∗ 1.3
.=
∗∗∗ ℎ

11742.8 ∗ 1.3
.= = 7.509
300 ∗ 6.16 ∗ 0.22 ∗ 5

9.. In parallel.

4
4. Batteries
4.1 Selection

Home solar battery 20 kw solar battery solar battery 12v 500ah 300ah 250ah. The Battery’s Cost is About 90$

▪ Place of Origin:Jiangsu, China

▪ Brand Name:ANTOFO

▪ Model Number:250AH

▪ Battery Type:Lead-Acid

▪ Material:High Pure Lead

▪ Warranty:3 Years

▪ Cycle life:2000 Times

▪ Type:GEL Lead Acid Battery

▪ Nominal Voltage:12.8Volts

▪ Size: 525*268*220mm

4.2 Sizing

∗ 11742.3 ∗ 3

.=
.∗ . . ∗∗
0.85 ∗ 0.6 ∗ 12.8 ∗ 250

. :22

5
5. Charge controller
5.1 Sizing

Charge controller rating = no. of parallel branches * I(SC)*1.3=22*5.83*1.3=166 Ah – 200 Ah

5.2 Selection
Sunchonglic charge controller 12V 24V 36V 48V 60V 72V 96V 30A 40A 60A MPPT solar charge
controller for solar system. The Sunchonglic Cost is Average
170$

5.3 Specifications
▪ Place of Origin: Guangdong, China
▪ Brand Name:Sunchonglic

▪ Type:MPPT

▪ Application:Charger Controller, Solar Working Station, Solar System Controller

▪ Work Time (h):The local illumination time

▪ Max PV Power:7000W

▪ Max PV Voltage:230V

▪ Product name:12V 24V 36V 48V 60V 72V 96V 30A 40A 60A MPPT solar charge controller
▪ Applicable:Lead acid/Gel/LifePo4/Li-ion battery

▪ Charge mode:MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking

▪ Maximum charging current:30A/40A/60A

▪ Communication:RS485

6
6. Inverter
6.1 Sizing

= ∗ 1.3 = 6266 ∗ 1.3 = 8145.8 W

6.2 Selection

parallel to be 3 phase output inverter 10KW On and Off Grid Solar Hybrid Inverter
3 buyers
The inverter is About 250$
6.3 Specifications
▪ Type:DC/AC Inverters
▪ Output Type:Triple

▪ Output Current:14.5A per phase

▪ Output Frequency:50HZ/60HZ

▪ Size:167.5*500*622mm

▪ Max. PV INPUT POWER:14850W

▪ Rated Output Power:10000W

▪ Maximum Charging Power:9600 W

▪ Battery DC Voltage:48V

▪ Max. AC Input Current:40A

▪ Output waveform: Pure Sine Wave

▪ Maximum Input Current:2x18.6A

7
7. Cost

Elements Units Cost Total Cost

Panels 9 70.99$ 639$
Batteries 22 200& 4400$
Charge Controller 1 170$ 100$
Inverter 1 250$ 250$
Total 5389$
7.2 Explanations:
▪ Battery will be replaced 9 times of solar panel lifetime

▪ Total cost=panel cost+(9*battery cost) +inverter cost + charge controller cost=5389$

▪ Cost per Kw/h = total cost/(life time* total daily load)=5389/25*365*24*11.742=0.002$

▪ Government electricity supply Kw/h cost = 0.030$

o Off grid system cost 0.002$ per Kw/h which is better than government supply cost.

8
 References
• https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Egypt/electricity_prices/
• https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Felicity-Solar-5kw-10-Kw-
15_1600218035103.html?spm=a2700.7735675.0.0.214bFbMEFbMEDt&s=p
• https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Charge-Controller-24v-Solar-
Controller-Sunchonglic_1600485468212.html
• https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Solar-Battery-500ah-300ah-Home-
Solar_1600489106526.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normal_offer.d_title.1f6929cfA
R9Hoo&s=p
• https://www.amazon.com/SOLPERK-Panel%EF%BC%8CSolar-
Charger%EF%BC%8CSolar-Maintainer%EF%BC%8C-
Automotive/dp/B087V1YSR2/ref%3Dsr_1_2_sspa?keywords=24%2Bvolt%2Bsol
ar%2Bpanels&qid=1652844614&sr=8-2-
spons&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEyMVZaSTZBMFNDWFFWJmVu
Y3J5cHRlZElkPUEwNTk3ODEwMVgxVEVQWUpKUExaMiZlbmNyeXB0ZWRBZElkP
UEwNzIxNzExMUZJME1LTkVUNjE0SCZ3aWRnZXROYW1lPXNwX2F0ZiZhY3Rpb2
49Y2xpY2tSZWRpcmVjdCZkb05vdExvZ0NsaWNrPXRydWU&th=1