HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

AND EDUCATION

FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING

TECHNICAL ENGLISH 2
DESIGN OF A CHILDREN-DETECTING DEVICE IN
KINDERGARTEN USING INFRARED SENSORS

Lecture: ThS. Nguyen Thoi

Student: Nguyen Pham Mai Phuong_21161260

Nguyen Thanh Binh_21161229

Ho Vu Ngoc Tu_21161275

Nguyen Trong Uy Bao_21161227

Nguyen Nhat Kiet_21161248

 Table of contents

Abstract............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1....................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
I/ Problem statement.......................................................................................................................3
II/ Description of the Project............................................................................................................3
III/ The benefit of the project:..........................................................................................................4
IV/ Objectives..................................................................................................................................4
1. Goals:...........................................................................................................................................4
2. Purposes:......................................................................................................................................4
V/ SWOT analysis:..........................................................................................................................5
VI/ Estimated Cost...........................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2:...................................................................................................................................7
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORICAL FRAMEWORK....................................................7
I/ Review on relative products.........................................................................................................7
1.Regular doorbell............................................................................................................................7
2.Top feature on video surveillance equipment:.............................................................................8
3. Wireless notification bell:............................................................................................................9
II/ Theorical framwork:..................................................................................................................10
1. Mp3 audio transmitter circuit (Module JQ6500):......................................................................10
2. Infrared Sensor (PIR SR505):....................................................................................................10
3. Modulerelay 5V:........................................................................................................................11
4. Arduino (ESP32):.......................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 3..................................................................................................................................15
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION..........................................................................................15
I/ Project requirements:..................................................................................................................15
II/ System Design:.........................................................................................................................15
1. Block diagram:...........................................................................................................................15
2. Hardware:...................................................................................................................................16
3. Software:....................................................................................................................................18
4.Implementation:..........................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 4..................................................................................................................................20
EXPERIMENTS AND DESIGN ANALYSIS..............................................................................20
I. Design Experiments:...................................................................................................................20
II. Operation Experiments..............................................................................................................22
III. Design Analysis:......................................................................................................................24
IV. Result Analysis and assessment:.............................................................................................25
CHAPTER 5: RESULTS...............................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................28
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................30
Abstract

These days, kindergarten teachers must attend to 14 students in a single day, which
causes job overload. This project describes a smart alarm that is designed to
identify when kids leave the playground. This device was created in order to assist
teachers in managing their pupils.

Our product integrates an infrared sensor that includes an IR emitter LED, an

obstacle detection, a power LED, and an IR receiver. It is employed to track
people's movements. Subsequently, it signals the system to activate the warning
speaker.The arduino ESP32, upon receiving the signal from infrared sensor,
activates the relay. Relay module 5VDC regulate the circuit of an MP3 audio
transmitter (Module JQ6500). The 8 PIN MP3 player is connected to the MP3
audio transmitter circuit (Module JQ6500) so as to produce a loaded audio signal.

This device typically operates steadily and efficiently. Especially when the alarm
sounds almost immediately when someone passes by.

In conclusion, this device would reduce the workload of the kid’s supervisor.
Besides that, it is a great tool to protect the children from risks in nursery school.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

I/ Problem statement

Nursery school is an educational environment that has responsibilities for the

development of children in both physical and mental health. Currently, there are a total of
15,334 kindergartens, with over 5 million kids studying throughout Vietnam. However,
according to statistics from the national department of teachers and educational
management,only 370.000 teachers are working in this country, which means that each
teacher has to take care of 14 kids in the whole day, which leads to work overload.

According to statistics from the Ministry of Education and Training, each year in
Vietnam, there are about 10,000 cases of preschool students in danger when they are out
of sight of teachers. Of these, there were about 2,000 minor injuries, 1,000 serious
injuries, and about 100 deaths. The rate of preschool students in danger when out of sight
of teachers in Vietnam is about 2%. This is an alarming number, showing that solutions
are needed to improve safety for children of preschool age.

In this day and age, the nanny camera, which can monitor the movement of people in any
area, is a popular product in this field. This kind of device is able to give an alert when a
baby is crying or snoring. However, most accidents occur when children go out of the
playground where nanny cameras cannot detect them and send warnings to parents and
teachers.

Therefore, we came up with a solution that is easily applied to kindergarten

environments. Our measure is the bell with infrared sensors connected to speakers, which
can be placed in multiple locations throughout the classroom. When someone comes to
the door, you will hear a notification from this system. Thanks to that, teachers can know
and promptly prevent children from leaving the supervised area. This helps keep all
children safe while they are at school.

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II/ Description of the Project

This alarm is a smart device based on the principle that when a child comes to the door,
the sensor mounted on the two edges of the door will detect and immediately transmit the
alarm signal to the bell.

Its function is to monitor the safety of the children so that they do not leave while the
teacher is busy taking care of other children. It also helps teachers easily manage children
more accurately during class and quickly prevent a child from leaving the monitoring
area.

For teachers to protect the safety of their students, it is highly helpful and practical to
utilize a gadget with an infrared sensor to monitor children leaving the classroom.
Additionally, it gives parents confidence while sending their children to school.

The infrared sensor will recognize and connect to the audio device when a kid is found
outside to send a warning for teachers to quickly manage and prevent.

III/ The benefit of the project:

This device was created to help reduce the risk of accidents when children get out of the
teacher's control in kindergarten easily.

IV/ Objectives

1. Goals:

In kindergartens with a huge number of children, it's hard for teachers to keep their eyes
on all of them. The current devices can not give any warning for teachers in case their
pupil go out of playground or classroom. Therefore, our product is a more complete
version as it has both the function of detecting and notifying teachers when children leave
the supervised area.

2. Purposes:

This device is created to help reduce the risk of accidents when children get out of the
teacher's control in kindergarten. Moreover, the expense for manufacturing is low so this
device can be sold with a reasonable price.

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Besides that, we can easily install our gadget in every corners in the house because of its
compact design.

In conclusion, this will be a useful product with superior features that helps a lot in
people’s life.

V/ SWOT analysis:
-Strength:

Nowadays, the price range of baby-monitoring devices is from 200,000 dong to

1,500,000 dong. Generally, devices with low costs have a lot of errors. Meanwhile, the
expensive devices are not affordable for most Vietnamese people. Our project aims to
create a product that is useful and affordable for people.

In kindergartens with a huge number of children, it's hard for teachers to keep their eyes
on all of them. The current devices can not give any warning for teachers in case their
pupil going out of playground or classroom. Therefore, our product is a more complete
version as it has both the function of detecting and notifying teachers when a child leaves
the supervised area.

This device uses readily available components and a straightforward design, making it
easy to build and maintain.Moreover, the audio file played by the Mp3 transmitter can be
easily changed, allowing for personalization or specific functionalities like playing
welcome messages or alarms.

-Weakness:

The device cannot distinguish between adults and children, so it will ring even when an
adult passes by. Ringing bells will cause noise and discomfort for people in the
kindergarten. One more weak is limited functionality: This device only plays pre-
recorded audio files and lacks features like voice control or internet connectivity. Another
limited functionalityis that this device only plays pre-recorded audio files and lacks
features like voice control or internet connectivity.

-Threat:

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In the market, there are too many warning devices with good prices and high qualities.
Besides that, this is the field that numerous professors and doctors have focused on.
Although our product has improvements in various aspects, it still has some limitations.
Therefore, it is difficult for them to compete with products which are developed by
experts.

-Opportunity

The expense for manufacturing is low so this device can be sold with a reasonable price.

Besides that, we can easily install our gadget in every corners in the house because of its
compact design. In the future, this project will be completed to become a best version

VI/ Estimated Cost

Components Cost Quantity

Bus wire 8.000VND 20

Speaker 40 ohm 3W 18.000VND 1

Module relay 5V 16.000VND 1

Mp3 audio transmitter 65.000VND 1

circuit

Infrared Sensor 20.000VND 1

(PIR SR505)
Arduino esp32 108.000VND 1

Total 235.000VND

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 CHAPTER 2:

LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORICAL FRAMEWORK

I/ Review on relative products

1.Regular doorbell

A regular doorbell is a device used to notify someone when someone comes to the door.
A brief analysis of a typical doorbell

Installation method: Regular doorbells can be installed directly on the wall or on the
door.

Conventional doorbells are suitable for small homes and offices for the simple purpose of
notifying people when someone comes to the door. However, with the development of
technology, today there are also more smart doorbells that integrate many different
features, such as cameras, internet connections, or integration with smart home systems.

Advantages

Reasonable price: Conventional doorbells are affordable and suitable for the budget of
many consumers.

Easy to use: Conventional doorbells are simple and easy to use. Users just need to press
the button to activate the bell.

Simple installation: Conventional doorbells usually do not require too much technical
knowledge to install. Users can easily install it themselves.

High reliability: conventional doorbells are a reliable solution and operate stably in
normal environments.

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Disadvantages

Limited features:Conventional doorbells usually only have basic functions to create

warning sounds. It does not have a door-opening feature, a built-in camera, or an internet
connection.

Tamperability: One drawback of conventional doorbells is that the buttons can easily be
tampered with by thieves. This can cause confusion or impersonation, posing a security
threat.

Limited transmission capacity: With conventional doorbells, sound is only transmitted

over a short range, limited by the cable system. This can make it difficult to hear the bell
in distant areas, such as the backyard or upstairs of the house.

Evaluation

A conventional doorbell is a very useful device in everyday life. However, there are also
some limitations, such as the bell not being impressive or the possibility of causing a
nuisance if many people come to the house. This can be remedied by using a doorbell
with volume control or sound rejection features.

2.Top feature on video surveillance equipment:

-Lights that respond to sound. When you can't hear your parent unit, a sound-activated
light lets you see if your baby is making a noise.

Soothing and calming.

Night lights.

Smart monitors.

Remote control.

Talk-back.

Temperature display.

Advantages

Listen to or keep an eye on your infant from a distance.

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Keep an eye on their heart rate or breathing.

Your children are secure and well-supervised.

Disadvantages

Create a false sense of security

Can be expensive for some people

Can be damaged

Sleep problems and anxiety

Evaluation

The digital technology has provided us with numerous devices to make our work easier
and faster, as well as to make parenting a little easier. When you have a kid and want to
make parenting easier, a baby monitor comes in helpful.

Recognizing the quality of this product, they also have certain pros and downsides.

3. Wireless notification bell:

It has alarm features: sound and image when guests come to the house. Besides, this type
of bell also has other functions, such as: talking indirectly with outsiders; anti-theft;
avoiding disturbance or harassment by strangers; ...

Advantage.

 Very compact, simple installation

 No wiring
 Multiple sensors or speakers can be connected together.

Disadvantage.

The sensor will sometimes give false alarms if the ambient temperature is too high on hot
days.

Evaluation

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 The wireless alarm has an improved design. It uses independent wireless transmission,
using radio waves to connect between the receiver and transmitter. Besides, there is a
heat sensor feature when there are many people passing by to optimize safety. Currently,
wireless bells also have many different types of bells and sound styles for you to easily
choose from.

II/ Theorical framwork:

1. Mp3 audio transmitter circuit (Module JQ6500):

-Structure:

Operating principle: when we apply signals to the pins, the loaded audio signal will be
emitted.

Function: A multi-channel voice alarm notifies teachers every time a student leaves the
monitored area.

Parameters and calculation formula:

 UART communication: TTL level, baud rate can be set to change.

 Speaker capacity: 8 Ohm/ 3W (If you want to connect to a speaker with a higher
capacity, the output of the JQ6500 needs to go through a larger amplifier stage
before outputting to a speaker with a higher capacity).
 Voltage level: 3.5–5V.

2. Infrared Sensor (PIR SR505):

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 Structure: The emitter is simply an infrared LED (light-emitting diode), and the
receiver is simply an IR photodiode sensitive to infrared light of the same wavelength as
the infrared light emitted by the infrared LED. When infrared light shines on the
photodiode, the resistance and output voltage will change, corresponding to the
magnitude of the received infrared light.

Operating principle: Infrared sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect
selected wavelengths of light in the infrared (IR) spectrum. By using LEDs to produce
light of the same wavelength as the sensor is looking for. Then you can see the intensity
of the light received. When an object is close to the sensor, light from the LED will
bounce off the object and enter the light sensor. This results in a rather large jump in
intensity.

Function: There are many functions in many fields. However, in my project, it is used to
detect children when they leave the play area.

Parameters and calculation formula:

 Operating voltage: DC 4.5v - 20v.

 Signal Output level: High 3.3v - Low 0v.
 Trigger Mode: Repeatable trigger (Default)
 Angle range: < 100-degree cone angle.
 Distance range: 3 meters.
 Working temperature" -20 - + 80 degrees.
 Body dimensions: 10X23mm.
3. Modulerelay 5V:

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Structure: 5V 1 Channel Relay Module includes 1 relay operating at voltages of 5VDC
and 12VDC and can withstand voltages up to 250VAC (10A).

Operating principle: Control input signal: 0V:

+ Signal is 0: the relay is closed

+ Signal is 1; then Relay is open.

Function: This module is used to control module JQ6500.

4. Arduino (ESP32):

Structure: Designed with shape and signal pins arranged to have the highest
functional similarity with Arduino standards.Using a voltage-reducing pulse source
circuit with the advantages of high conversion efficiency, low heat generation, energy
saving, and a wide input voltage range for the circuit from 6~24VDC with a large

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 output current: 5VDC/Max 1500mA, 3.3VDC/Max 700mA. Adding POWER+ 5VDC
power supply pins makes it easy to power many different devices.
Parameter:
 Power Supply:
- Power Input:
DC Plug: 6~24VDC, Current > 500mA
USB-C: 5VDC, Current > 500mA
- Power Output:
5VDC: Max 1500mA
3.3VDC: Max 700mA
 Interface: SD card, UART, SPI, SDIO, I2C, LED PWM, Motor PWM, I2S, IR, pulse
counter, GPIO, capacitive touch sensor, ADC, DAC, Two-Wire Automotive Interface
(TWAI®, compatible with ISO11898-1)
Operating voltage: 3.3VDC
I/O voltage: 3.3V-TTL.

CHAPTER 3
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

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I/ Project requirements:
About technology: the device requires 1 infrared sensor and 1 audio transceiver module.
This is a device that requires low delay and sensitive touch to be able to detect and notify
children out of the control area as quickly as possible.
About price: the price is not too high, suitable for people's needs and economic
capabilities
About design: equipment installed in preschools, for 3-5 age children. Therefore, the
designs should be models that are close to children, such as animals, cartoon characters,
the sun, etc.
About installation: the equipment is required to be compact, easy to install, easy to
move and convenient for repair.
II/ System Design:

1. Block diagram:

This figure shows the block diagram of a children- detecting device. It includes infrared
sensor (PIR SR505), arduino (ESP32), module relay 5VDC and Mp3 audio transmitter
circuit (module JQ6500) .

The infrared sensor consists of an IR receiver, distance adjustment, power LED, obstacle,
and IR emitter LED. It is designed to detect the motion of children as they pass through a
door or move beyond the control of teachers. The sensor emits infrared light using a
transparent LED (infrared emitter) and receives the reflected light using a black LED
(infrared receiver). When a child interrupts the infrared beams, the reflected light is
detected by the receiver. The control unit of the IR element interprets this interruption
and allows a "YES" signal to pass.

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The Arduino (ESP32) acts as the central processor in this system. It receives the "YES"
signal from the IR element, triggering a series of actions. The Arduino is programmed to
interpret this signal as a command to activate the warning system. It then sends a signal
to the module relay, which is connected to the Mp3 audio transmitter circuit (Module
JQ6500).

The module relay, with its normally open, common contact, and normal closed pins, acts
as a switch controlled by the Arduino. When the Arduino sends a signal to the relay
through the signal PIN, the relay switches its state. If the signal is high (1), the relay
connects the power to the Mp3 audio transmitter circuit. This enables the audio
transmitter to play a pre-loaded audio signal, effectively activating the warning speaker.
Conversely, if the signal is low (0), the system remains off.

2. Hardware:

First of all, we choose the speaker (4 ohm, 3 watts) for my product because with this
speaker, the sound is clear and loud enough to be heard. JQ6500 is chosen because it has
an onboard amplifier designed to work with speakers of this impedance and power rating.
In particular, the usage voltage of JQ6500 is from 3.2V to 5V, 4.2V is recommended.
This ensure that the JQ6500 module's output is compatible with the input requirements of
the speaker to achieve optimal performance and prevent any damage to the components.

The module relay 5V is suitable for use with the JQ6500 because it provides the
necessary voltage and switching capability to control the audio playback module.About
the voltage compatibility, the JQ6500 audio playback module typically requires a 5V
power supply and the module relay 5V operates at the same voltage, ensuring
compatibility with the JQ6500 module. The module relay 5V is designed to be easily
integrated into various electrical circuits or systems. It usually comes with convenient
screw terminals for easy connection, making it straightforward to connect with the
JQ6500 module. Here are some key parameters that demonstrate the compatibility
between the relay module (5V) and the JQ6500 audio transmitter circuit:

- Operating Voltage:

Module Relay (5V): Operates with a control voltage of 5V.

Module JQ6500: Typically works with a supply voltage of 3.2V to 5.2V.

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Compatibility: Both modules operate within a similar voltage range, ensuring that the
control signal from the relay module is suitable for the JQ6500.

- Control Signal Compatibility:

Module Relay (5V): Receives a control signal from a digital pin on the Arduino, typically
operating with a HIGH (5V) or LOW (0V) signal.

Module JQ6500: Interfaces with the Arduino through a digital pin for control purposes.

Compatibility: The control signal from the relay module aligns with the digital control
requirements of the JQ6500, facilitating easy integration.

About the arduino, we choose ESP32. It depends on some special features that ESP32 is a
powerful and flexible microcontroller platform. It has a 2-core, 32-bit processor, 512 KB
RAM and 4 MB ROM. This allows the ESP32 to handle complex child detection
algorithms and transmit data to other devices quickly. Besides that, the ESP32 has Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth support. This allows the device to be connected to a local network or the
Internet, making it easy to monitor children remotely.

The choice of the PIR SR505 sensor to connect with the Arduino ESP32 is based on
several factors, and it's important to ensure that the parameters of the sensor align with
those of the Arduino for seamless integration. Here are some key parameters that
demonstrate the compatibility between the PIR SR505 sensor and the Arduino ESP32:

PIR SR505 Sensor: Typically operates at a voltage range of 4.5V to 20V.

Arduino ESP32: Operates at 3.3V. However, the ESP32 has digital pins that are 5V
tolerant, making it compatible with the PIR sensor's voltage range.

Digital Output:

PIR SR505 Sensor: Provides a digital output signal (HIGH or LOW) based on motion
detection.Arduino ESP32 has digital pins that can read and process digital signals,
making it compatible with the PIR sensor's digital output.

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3. Software:

Code of arduino:

const int MOTION_SENSOR_PIN = 14; // Arduino pin connected to the OUTPUT

pin of motion sensor
const int RELAY_PIN = 26; // Arduino pin connected to the IN pin of relay
int motionStateCurrent = LOW; // current state of motion sensor's pin
int motionStatePrevious = LOW; // previous state of motion sensor's pin
int LED = 27;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // initialize serial
pinMode(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT); // set arduino pin to input mode
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); // set arduino pin to output mode
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
motionStatePrevious = motionStateCurrent; // store old state
motionStateCurrent = digitalRead(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN); // read new state

if (motionStatePrevious == LOW && motionStateCurrent == HIGH)

{ // pin state change: LOW -> HIGH
Serial.println("Motion detected!");
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // turn on
}
else if (motionStatePrevious == HIGH && motionStateCurrent == LOW)
{ // pin state change: HIGH -> LOW
Serial.println("Motion stopped!");
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // turn off
}
}

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4.Implementation:

CHAPTER 4

EXPERIMENTS AND DESIGN ANALYSIS

I. Design Experiments:

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First of all, we simulate the circuit design for an alarm device that uses infrared sensors to
create an independent system capable of detecting and notifying teachers when a child
leaves the supervised area. This model combines five main components: the D1 R32
Arduino, the PIR SR505, the module relay 5vdc, the JQ6500, and a speaker.

A speaker, as the output device that produces sound based on the audio signal received
from the MP3 audio transmitter circuits, is tightly connected to the JQ6500 through the
SPK+ and SPK- pins. The speaker positive (SPK+) is connected to the positive terminal
of the speaker to transmit the audio signal to the speaker. The speaker negative (SPK-) is
connected to the negative terminal of the speaker to complete the circuit and generate
sound. When we correctly connect the SPK+ and SPK- pins of the JQ6500 to the speaker,
the audio signal from the module will be transmitted to the speaker and produce sound.

The JQ6500, serving as an MP3 audio module, plays an important role in the audio play
triggered by the PIR SR505 sensor and controlled by the ESP32 through the NO pin of
the module relay. The normally open (NO) pin is connected to the DC-5V pin to control
power transmission to the JQ6500 based on the status of the relay, helping to manage the
activation and deactivation of the JQ6500 as needed.

The Module Relay 5vdc plays an important role in controlling power to the JQ6500 and
the speaker. The ESP32 controls the status of the module relay 5vdc through the IN pin.
This pin is connected to the IO25 pin of ESP32, when the ESP32 receives a control
signal, it can activate or deactivate the relay through the IN pin.

The D1 R32 Arduino primarily controls the entire system. The ESP32 can read signals
from the PIR SR505 sensor to detect motion based on signals from the sensor, the ESP32
can decide when to activate the Module Relay to power the JQ6500 and the speaker.
When needed, the ESP32 can send control signals to the relay to activate or deactivate
power for JQ6500, affecting the activation of the speaker and audio playback.

The PIR SR505 sensor (Passive Infrared Sensor) plays an essential role in detecting
motion based on temperature changes. When a hot, moving object such as a person or
animal passes through the infrared sensor, it creates a change in temperature and the PIR
sensor detects this through the trigger pin. The trigger pin of the PIR SR505 sensor will
create an electrical signal when motion is detected within the sensor’s range, and the
trigger pin will generate the signal through a connection to the IO14 pin of the ESP32
Arduino.

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Next, we proceed to write a program for the ESP32 Arduino using the Arduino IDE
software to generate source code capable of meeting the functions and requirements of
the system. Figure 2 is source code focuses on the interaction between the Arduino, the
PIR SR505 sensor, and the module relay 5vdc to ensure the process takes corresponding
actions when motion is detected or stopped in controlling and reacting to the state of the
motion sensor, using LEDs and the module relay.

Figure 2. Source code of ESP32

Enclosed herein is a visual representation of the finished product, and the product can be
used in practice with confidence in its safety and effectiveness. Figure 3 captures the
essence of a meticulously crafted and beautifully designed alarm device that uses infrared
sensors through the test board. We use a test board to connect electronic devices, which
allows us to test and develop the system before deploying it into a real environment. You
may test the compatibility and integration of different devices such as Arduino, sensor,
JQ6500, speaker, and module relay by putting them on the same board. As a result, using
test boards increases development efficiency, minimizes mistake risk, and provides a
flexible environment for testing and developing your system.

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II. Operation Experiments

Infrared sensors are used in kindergarten child detection devices. These sensors operate
on the principle of transmitting and receiving infrared waves, a type of electromagnetic
wave with longer wavelengths than visible light. Humans emit infrared waves due to their
higher body temperature compared to the surrounding environment.

Child detection devices using infrared sensors in kindergartens typically include two
main components:

Emitting Sensor: This sensor emits infrared waves into the environment.

Receiving infrared sensor: This sensor will receive infrared waves reflected from objects
in the environment.

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When children move within the monitored area, their bodies emit infrared waves. These
waves will be picked up by the infrared sensor, which converts them into electrical
signals. Electronic circuits will then process these signals to determine the location and
number of children present in the monitored zone.

Arduino (ESP32):

The ESP32 is a powerful microcontroller that can be programmed using the Arduino
IDE.

In this device, the ESP32 is the brain that processes information from the PIR sensor and
controls the other components.

When the PIR sensor detects motion, the ESP32 will activate the relay and trigger the
MP3 audio transmitter.

Relay Module (5VDC):

The relay is an electromechanical switch that can be controlled electronically. It is used to

control high-voltage devices (like a bell) with a low-voltage microcontroller.

In this setup, the ESP32 controls the relay. When motion is detected, the ESP32 activates
the relay, which in turn switches on the power to the bell or the audio transmitter.

MP3 Audio Transmitter Circuit (Module JQ6500):

The JQ6500 is an MP3 audio module that can store and play audio files.When triggered
by the ESP32 through the relay, the JQ6500 module plays a pre-recorded audio file. This
can be a bell ring or any other audio message you want to play when motion is detected.

The operation of device:

The PIR sensor continuously monitors its surroundings for changes in infrared
radiation.When motion is detected, the PIR sensor sends a signal to the ESP32.The
ESP32, upon receiving the signal, activates the relay.The relay, when activated, connects

21
the power to the MP3 audio transmitter circuit.The MP3 audio transmitter plays the pre-
recorded audio file, such as a bell ringing.

III. Design Analysis:

Measurement Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

1 0.95 s 1.04 s 1.02 s 1s

2 0.96 s 0.95 s 1.03 s 0.98 s

3 1.02 s 1.04 s 0.97 s 1.01 s

4 1.01 s 1.05 s 0.98 s 1.01 s

Delay Time Measurement:

To measure the delay time, we initiated motion in front of the PIR sensor and recorded
the time it took for the system to activate the speaker. In this case, we use a stopwatch to
measure the delay with 4 different measurements then calculate the average delay time of
1s. While this may seem like a relatively short duration, it is crucial to understand the
factors contributing to this delay and how it might impact the device's performance.

Factors Influencing Delay Time:

Several factors contribute to the overall delay time in the device. The processing time of
the Arduino, communication delays between components, and the inherent response time
of the PIR sensor are primary contributors. The relay module's activation time and the
time taken by the Mp3 audio transmitter circuit to initiate audio playback also play
significant roles.

Impact on Device Performance:

A 1-second delay, depending on the application, may be acceptable or may need

optimization. In scenarios where immediate audio feedback is crucial, such as in security
applications, a shorter delay might be desirable. On the other hand, in less time-sensitive
applications like doorbells or announcements, a 1-second delay might be acceptable.

Conclusion:

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Generally, the average delay of 1 seconds suggests a stable and precise response from the
device. The device's performance appears consistent, but the acceptability of this delay
depends on the specific application and user expectations. Further testing and user
feedback will provide valuable insights for potential optimizations or adjustments to meet
the desired user experience.

IV. Result Analysis and assessment:

This is a new project with many advantages such as: simple design, low price, flexibility,
etc. However, besides the strengths they possess, they have some weaknesses including:
False positives, security concerns, limited functionality, etc. There are a few workarounds
that we present below:

 Directional PIR Sensor: Use a directional PIR sensor to reduce false positives caused
by background movement.

 Additional Features: Integrate additional sensors or buttons for volume control, song
selection, or other functionalities.

Overall, this system is a practical and straightforward project. It offers easy

customization, portability, and low power consumption. Although there are some
disadvantages, this product might be developed and completed in the future.

CHAPTER 5: RESULTS

The research results indicate that the children-detecting device using the infrared sensors
meets the specified requirements. The device operates steadily, with a slight but
acceptable delay, it still ensures detection of children within a very short period of time to
limit unwanted risks.

 Stability:

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The detected- children device using infrared sensor operate steadily. All circuit
installation and testing times, the circuit runs in accordance with expectations and
previously set expectations.

 Delay:

This product has a slight delay, approximately 1 seconds. This delay is attributed to the
processing time of arduino and signal transmission to module relay 5vdc. The delay does
not significantly impact on detecting children when they go out of playground area

 Cost:

 This product incurs relatively low costs. The required materials for a device cost
around 235.000 VND.

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Design of a children-detecting device in kindergarten using infrared sensors (PIR SR505)

is a popular choice. Here are a few reasons why it is often recommended:

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Sensitivity: The PIR SR505 has a high sensitivity, allowing it to detect even subtle
movements within its range.

Range: It has a range of up to 7 meters, making it suitable for a variety of applications,

such as security systems, automatic lighting, and energy-saving devices.

Adjustable Settings: The PIR SR505 allows for adjustable settings, such as sensitivity
and delay time, providing flexibility to customize it according to specific requirements.

Low Power Consumption: It operates on a low voltage and has a low power
consumption, making it energy-efficient and suitable for long-term use.

Easy Installation: The PIR SR505 is designed for easy installation, with clearly labeled
terminals and a compact size, making it suitable for both DIY enthusiasts and
professionals.

However, it can still be further improved to enhance its features and usability. Some
recommendations for improving children-detecting device using infrared sensors (PIR
SR505) include:

Adjust Sensitivity: Experiment with adjusting the sensitivity settings of the sensor to find
the optimal level for your specific application. This can help reduce false triggers or
ensure that all desired motion is detected.

Optimize Placement: Ensure that the sensor is placed in an optimal position for detecting
motion. Consider factors such as the height, angle, and coverage area of the sensor.
Adjusting its position or angle can improve its performance.

Avoid Obstructions: Make sure there are no obstructions in the sensor's line of sight that
may block or interfere with the detection of motion. Remove any objects or obstacles that
may hinder its performance.

Reduce Interference: Minimize potential sources of interference such as other infrared

devices or heat sources. These can cause false triggers or affect the accuracy of motion
detection.

Development of product in the future:

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The product has high feasibility and application. Therefore, in the future, this product will

be perfected and developed in the following directions:

 Increase monitoring range: Currently, children detecting device has limited
monitoring range. To increase the monitoring range, developers can use infrared
sensors with higher sensitivity.

 Increased connectivity: To increase connectivity, developers can use mobile

connections such as 4G or 5G.
 Increased customization: Currently, babies detecting device has fixed features and
functions. To increase customization, developers can provide users with the ability
to customize device settings and functions.

With these developments, child detection devices in kindergartens using infrared sensors
will become better, more accurate and more effective, contributing to protecting the
safety of children in kindergartens.

Upgrade to a Higher-Quality Sensor: If you are still experiencing issues with the SR505,
consider upgrading to a higher-quality infrared sensor with advanced features and better
performance. Look for sensors that offer improved sensitivity, wider detection range, and
adjustable settings for customization.

Improving children-detecting device using infrared sensors (PIR SR505) will make it
more versatile and better meet the users' needs.

REFERENCES

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[1] Kanagachidambaresan, G.R., N., B. (2023). Sensors for the Industrial Internet of
Things. In: Sensors and Protocols for Industry 4.0. Maker Innovations Series. Apress,
Berkeley, CA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9007-1_2.

[2] Liu, X.; Cheng, S.; Liu, H.; Hu, S.; Zhang, D.; Ning, H. A Survey on Gas Sensing
Technology. Sensors 2012, 12, 9635–9665.

[3] Paul R. Norton "Infrared image sensors," Optical Engineering 30(11), (1 November
1991). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.56001

[4] Tao, S.; Kudo, M.; Nonaka, H.; Toyama, J. Person authentication and activities
analysis in an office environment using a sensor network. In Constructing Ambient
Intelligence; Springer Berlin Heidelberg: Berlin, Germany, 2012; pp. 119–127.

[5] Hao, Q.; Hu, F.; Xiao, Y. Multiple human tracking and idengification with wireless
distributed pyroelectric sensor systems. IEEE Sens. J. 2009, 3, 428–439.

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Ho Chi Minh City, 21th December 2023