4.

1 INTRODUCTION
CUBES AND CUBE-ROOTS
4
For any number m, mx mx m is called the cube of mor
m cube and is wri.
Thus, mx mx m = Cube of mn ten as m
= m= m raised to the power 3, etc.

For example:
() Cube of 5 5
= 5x5x5 = 125
ii) Cube of 8 = 83
= 8x8x 8 =512
(ii) Cube of-4 = -4x-4x-4
-(4 x 4x 4) = -64
Cube of a positive number ls always positive and cube of a negative number is negative
4.2 PERFECT CUBE
The cube of a number is called a perfect cube.
For example:
() 6 6x6 x6 =216 216 is a perfect cube.
(i) 153= 15 x 15 x 15 3375 3375 is a perfect cube.
Conversely, a given number is a perfect cube if it can be expressed the
triplets of equal factors. as product of
For example
Consider the number 216, then
216
216 2 x 2 x2x3x 3x3 2 108
-
(2 x 3) x (2 x 3) x (2x 3) 2 54
= 6x6 x 6 (6)3 3 27
=
Product of triplets of equal factors. 3
2 1 6 Is a perfect cube.
Example 1:
(i) Is 297 a perfect cube ? (i) Is 2744 a perfect cube ?
Solutlon:
(i) 297 3 x3 x3x 11 3 297
- (3 x 3 x 3) x 11 99
Since triplet of number 11 is not formed, 33
2 9 7 is not a perfect cube.
Ans.
Concise MATHEMATICS Middle School
46

sa
 ) 2744 2 x 2x2x7x7x7
2 2744
-
(2 x 7) x (2 x 7) x (2 x
7)
14 x 14x 14 2 1372
2 686
-(14)3
7 343
2744 is a perfect cube.
Ans. 49
Example 2:

What is the smallest number by which 3087

pertect cube? may be multiplied, so that the product is a

Solution: 3 3087
On finding the prime factors of 3087, 3 1029
we get:3087 = 3 x 3 x 7 x7x7
7 343
Clearly, 3087 must be multiplied by 3
Ans. 49
3087 x 3= (3 x3x7x 7x 7) x3
3 x 3x 3 x7x7x7
=
(3x 7) x (3 x 7) x (3x 7) 21 x 21 x 21 (21)3
Example 3:
What is the least number by which 6750 may be divided so that the quotient is a perfect
cube?

Solution: 2 6750
On finding the prime factors of 6750, 5 3375
we get: 6750 = 2 x 5 x 5 x5x3x3x3
5 675
= 2 x (5 x 5 x 5) x (3 x 3 x 3) 5 135
Clearly, 6750 must be divided by 2 Ans. 327
6750 2x5x5x5x3x3x3 3
2 2
= 5 x5x 5 x3 x3x3
=
(5 x 3) x (5 x 3) x (5 x 3) = 15 x 15 x 15 (15)3

1. Cubes of odd natural numbers are odd, as: 13 = 1, 33 = 27, 59 = 125, etc.
2. Cubes of even natural numbers are even, as: 23 = 8, 43 64, 63= 216, etc.

EXERCISE 4(A)
1. Find the cube of: 2. Find which of the following are perfect
0) 7 (ii) 16 cubes?
(i) 11
(iv) 23 (v) 31 (vi) 42 () 243 (i) 588 ii) 1331

(vii) 54 (iv) 24000 (v) 1728 (vi) 1938

Cubes and Cube-Roots

47
 3 Find the tubes of :
5. Find the cubes of
(il) 1-6 () -3 (i) -7
() 21 (i) 04
(v) 26 (v) 0-12 (Vi) 0 02 (Iv) -18 (v)-25 ()-12
(vl) 00
(vi) -50 vi)-30
6. Which of the
(v)Cube of 0.12 (0.12)3 following are cubes ofo
0-12 x 0.12 x 0.12 () an even number
= 0-001728 (i) an odd number.

4 Find the cubes of

216,729,3375, 8000, 125, 343, 4008
9261.
10
7. Find the least number by
(1) 13
( multiplied so that the which 1323 n
product is a
A. Find the smallest number by pefectCutabe
(M)1 be divided so that the which 8768 m
Cube. quotient is a pert
(v)Cube of 2 -2 9. Find the smallest number
by which 277R
multiplied to get a perfect cube
5x5x5 10.With what least number must number
2x2x2 so that the
quotient is a 8640 be divided
perfect cube ?
11. Which is the
1 smallest
number that
must be
multiplied to 77175 to make it a perfect
cube?
4.3 CUBE-ROOTS
The cube-root of a given number is the number
whose cube is the given numbe.
i f cube-root of number x is then cube of
y, y is x.
f Vx =y, then = X.

For example:
() cube of3 27
cube-root of 27 3 i.e. V27 =3
(i) cube of 7 343
cube-root of 343 7 i.e. 343 =7 and so on.
In the
same way
() 125 5» 125 = 5
(i) 512 8 V512 =8 and so on.

4.4 CUBE-ROOT BY
FACTORISATION
Steps:
1. Split the given number into
its
groups in triplets of the primes.
2. Form
identical
number from each primes.
3. Take one prime
4.
Multiply all the prime triplet.
numbers obtained in step 3 to get the requirea
48
-Concise HEMATICS MiddleS c h o o l -
 Evample 4 3 729
Find the cube root of 729
3 243
Solution: 3 81
729 3x 3x3x3x 3x3 3 27
(3x 3 3) (3 3 x x 3)
V729 33=9
Ans.
Examplo 5:
2 1728
Find the cube root 1728
2 864
Solution: 2 432
1728 (2 x2 x2) x (2 2 216
x2x2) x (3 x3x3)
Cube-root of 1728 2x2x3 = 12 2 108
Ans.
2 54
3 27

Examplo 6:
Find the smallest number by which 210125 must be 5 210125
multiplied so that the product is a perfect cube. 5 42025
Solution: 5 8405
210125 = 5x5x5x41 x 41 41 1 6 8 1
41
(5x 5x 5) x 41 x 41
Clearly, the required smallest number = 41 Ans.
1. Cube-root of a negative perfect cube

If m is any positive integer, then -m is a negative integer.

Since, (-m)= -mx -m x -m
-m

-m-m3-m
Cube-root of (-m) = - (cube-root of m).|

For example
1. Cube-root of - 8 =- (cube-root of 8)
=-2

-8=-2
2. Cube-root of 1000=-(cube-root of 1000)
-10

.e. -1000-10

Cubes and Cube-Roots- 49

 3 Cuberoot of-1(Cue root of 1)

ie. -1-1and so on
2. Cube-root of product of numbers

(a) y xy
(b) ayz Vx x y Vz
For example;
1. V8 125Ve x V125
2x5 10
2. 500 54V500x2x27

1000x27
V1000 V27 10x3 30
3. -16x32 = -8x2x32
= -8x64

V-8 x V64 =-2x4=-8

4.
216x-343 216x -343
6x-7 s -42
3. Cube-root of fractlonal
numbers

(a)

(b)

c)

For example
125 V125
1.
V216 V216 6x5x5
6x666
2
-2)2-2)
333
50
Lncise MATHEMATICS Miuslis S
 64 V4x4x4
3. -125 V-5)x(-5)x(-)-55

4. Cube-root of a decimal number

Convert the given decimal number into a fractional
number and then find its cutbe-rt.
Forexample:
0027 27 3
1. 0-027
1000100010 0-3

0008 8
2. o-008 1000 V1000102 0-2
=

125
3. 0-125 = O00 1 0 0.5

EXERCISE 4(B)
1. Find the cube-roots of 4.
64
Find the cube-roots of
) (i) 343 () 2-744 (i) 9-261
(i) 729 (iv) 1728
0-000027 (iv) -0-512
9261 i4096
(vii) 8000 (vii) 3375
15-625 (vi) -125 x 1000
Find the smallest number by which 26244
2. Find the cube-roots of: should be divided, so that the
quotient is a
125 perfect cube.
) 216 What is the least number by which 30375
should be multiplied to get a
343 perfect
(iv) 64x 729 cube ?
512
7. Find the cube-roots of
(v) 64 x 27 (vi) 729 x 8000
) 700 x 2x 49 x 5 (i)-216x 1728
3375 x 512
3. Find the cube-roots of ii) 64x-125 (iv)
()-216 (i)-512 (ii) -1331 729

(iv) 125
27 -64
( 343
512 1331 250-047
343 -175616
yi)-2197 (vii)-5832 -2744000

Cubes and Cube-Roots-

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