Translation of Sharh Mia Aamil (section II)

‫النوع الثاني الحروف املشبهة بالفعل‬

The second type is Huruf Mushabba bi’l Fi’l.

‫و هي تدخل علي املبتدأ و الخبر‬

And it enters upon the Mubtada and Khabar.

‫تنصب املبتدأ و ترفع الخبر‬

It gives the Mubtada a Nasab and the Khabar a Rafa

‫و هي ستة حروف‬
And they are six particles.

‫}اولها{ ا ّن و }ثانيها{ ا َ ّن‬

[The irst] is Inna and the [second of them] is anna

‫و هما لتحقيق مضمون الجملة االسمية‬

And they are [used] for the stressing of the topic of the Jumla Ismiyya.

‫حققت قيام زيد و بلغني ا َ ّن زيدا منطلق اي بلغني ثبوت انطالق زيد‬
ُ ‫}مثاله{ مثل ِا ّن زيدا قائم اي‬
{Its example} is like ‘indeed Zaid is standing’ i.e. I was assured of Zaid’s standing
and ‘it has reached me that Zaid is going’ i.e. the proving of Zaid leaving has
reached me.

‫و }ثالثها{ كا َ َّن‬
And {the third} is Ka’anna

‫و هي للتشبيه‬
And this is [used] for similarity.

‫}مثاله{ نحو كان زيدا اسد‬

{Its example} is like ‘As if Zaid is a lion.’

‫و }رابعها{ لكن‬
And {the fourth} is Lakin.

‫و هي لالستدراك اي لدفع التوهم الناشي من الكالم السابق‬

And this is {used} for Istidrak, i.e. to repel the doubt emitting from the previous
dialogue.
f
 ‫و لهذا ال تقع اال بني الجملتني اللتني تكونان متغايرتني باملفهوم‬
And for this reason, it does not occur except between two sentences that are
contrasting in meaning.

‫}مثاله{ مثل غاب زيد لكن بكرا حاضر و ماجاءني زيد لكن عمرا جاءني‬
{Its example} is like ‘Zaid is missing but Bakr is present’ and ‘Zaid did not come
to me but Amr came to me.’

‫و }خامسها{ ليت‬
And {the ifth} is Layta

‫و هي للتمني‬
And this is for hope.

‫}مثاله{ مثل ليت زيدا قائم اي اتمنّي قيامه‬

{Its example} is like ‘If only Zaid is standing’ i.e. ‘I hope for his standing.’

‫و }سادسها{ لعل‬
And {the sixth} is La’alla.

‫و هي للترجي‬
And this is {used} for hope.

‫}مثاله{ مثل لعل السلطان يكرمني‬

{Its example} is like ‘Perhaps the king will respect me.’

‫و الفرق بني التمني و الترجي ان االول يستعمل في املمكنات كما مر و املمتنعات‬

And the difference between tamanna and tarajji is that the former is used for
possible things - like the example that passed - and impossible things.

‫}مثاله{ ليت الشباب يعود‬

{Its example} is like ‘If only youth would return.’

‫و الترجي مخصوص باملمكنات‬

.And tarajji is speci ic to possible things

‫و تدخل ما الكافة علي جميعها‬

.And the Ma of Kaafa enters upon all of them

‫فتكفها عن العمل‬
Thus it stops it from its action
f
f