Construction of Approach road to New bridge constructed at Ch.42.

40km of
Nonavinakere tank in Tiptur taluk, tumkur District

Retaining wall to retain the earth for 7.00m Ch200 to 235m

Calculation of surcharge on pressure relief shelf at level Bdue to crash barrier.

Load Calculation of crash barrier

175 50 175
50
200 g mm

500 f
c
d
250 b
e

a
415

` 450
Unit weight of concrete = 2.50 t/m3
Lever Moment (t-
Sl No Load Calculation Area(m2) Weight (t)
arm(m) m)
a (0.45-0.05)x0.415 0.166 0.415 0.225 0.093
b 1/2x(0.5+0.25+0.415)x0.05 0.029 0.073 0.033 0.002
c (0.5+0.25)x0.175 0.131 0.328 0.138 0.045
d 0.25x0.05 0.013 0.031 0.250 0.008
e 1/2x0.25x0.175 0.022 0.055 0.333 0.018
f 1/2x0.5x0.05 0.013 0.031 0.242 0.008
g 0.050 0.138 0.007
Total 0.373 0.983 0.181
Say 1.000 t/m
weight of friction slab
equ. Live loadsurcarge equal to 1.20m ht of earth as
per IRC code
Pressure due to live load S.C.=
P1 =ka x1.20x 2.00= 0.800 t/sqm

Design of R.C.C. Retaining wall:-

A3

0.85m

0.30m

B3 D=0.30m

3.00m
3.00m
Water face w3 Earth face

w1
3.00m
0.30m
C3 c w2 Slab D=0.30m
0.30m d
3.00m

3.00m

D3 D=0.30m
3.00m

0.75m

0.30m
 DESIGN:-
Input properties:-
1) Soil properties:-
a) Density of earth (saturated) = 2.00t/cum
b) Angle of friction =30 0 OR 0.52 Rad
c) SBC of soil =14.00t/Sqm
d) Co-Eff of friction between soil & Concrete =0.50
e) Value of c for c and Øsoil is =5.00t/Sqm
0.333 For vertical face on earth side.
Ka=
Say
=0.333
2) Concrete:- M-25 Steel Fe500
C=83Kg/Sqcm t=2400kg/sqcm
Thickness of base 3.00/12= 0.25m
:. Provide the thickness of base slab at stm 0.30m
Thickness of slab at edge of base slab= 0.30m
Design of head wall stem:- A3 to B3

Disturbing moments:-

a) Pressure due to live load S.C.= P1 = 0.80t/Sqm

Earth pressure from top of wall to the top of

b) ka x 2.00 x 0.85= 0.57t/Sqm
slab=P2=

M due to Surcharge=M1= 0.800 x 1.00 x 0.85 /2 x x0.85 = 0.29t-m

M due to Earth pressure=M2= 0.6 /2 x 1.00 x 0.85 x0.42 x x0.85 = 0.1t-m

Total moment= 0.38t-m

0.38x 100000
=6.46cm
Effective depth required d= 9.10x100

:. Provide over all depth D=30.00cm

Effective depth available= 30.00 -3.0-1.0= 26.00cm

0.38x100000
Area of steel required Ast= = 0.68 sqcm
2400x0.89x26.0
%of steel= 0.02%

:.Spacing of reinforcement bar dia 12 Tor =

1.13x 1000 =1663.4 mm
0.68
:.Provide12.00Tor @ 180 mm C/C on earth face(vertical)

Distribution reinforcement =0.2% of gross sectional area.

0.2x100x31.00
= =6.20sqcm
100
Distribute for both side ie, for one side =1/2x6.20= 3.10 sqcm

8mm tor spacing= 0.50x 1000 =162.2 mm

3.10
Provide 8 Tor @ 160 mm C/C on both faces .
 Shear stress at junction:-
Total horizontal pressure =
1/3 x1/2x0.4x 0.9 x0.85+ 1/3 x2.00x1/2 x0.85 x 0.85 = 0.29t
W= (0.45 + 0.3 )/2 x 0.85 x 2.4 +( 0.1 /2x1.8) =0.42t

Nett shear force=(1.5P- W) = (1.5 x 0.29 - 0.5 x 0.42 ) = 0.23t

v = 0.23 x1000 =0.07Kg/Sqcm <--Kg/sqcm :. OK

100x31.00

% of steel= 100As/bd= 0.03

τ
For M-20 c= 3.00kg/sqcm
Tension due to EP & LL Surchage

0.68 steel rod and force in each rod= AsX 2400kg/sqcm

Consider 12mm dia rod 2.71296 t/each rod
0.24225
0.92t/m X2= :. No of rods required= 0.6798847 /mx1.5/2= 0.51rods
1.84t/m from top & bottom say 2rods/m
spacing= 500 mm c/c both at top and bottom
Total horizontal load=
LL Surcharge=
0.800 x 1.00 x0.85 = 0.68
EP
0.6 /2 x 1.00 x0.85 = 0.24225
Total load/m width= 0.92t/m

Deflection:- Span/250 or 20mm which ever is less

Span/250= 3.40mm
Span/depth= 2.83333333
As per Cl 23.2 c & d for % steel 0.18 multiplying factor= 1.4x1.01= 1.414

:.7x1.414= 9.898 > 2.83 :. Safe

Deflection=-FL^3/15EI= 1.1529E-08 <8.4mm :. Safe

Renolds (Chap 8-26)
F= 9223N
L= 850.00mm
E= 22361Mpa
I= 1.4647E+15

Slab design at B3 level:-

Horizontal force at top of slab= Fh1= 0.92t/m

Vertical load on Slab=Fv1= 4.10t/m

:.Safety against over turning= 4.446 >1.5 :. Safe

If slab is designed to take Fv .

Horizontal force due to reaction from bottom wall Fh2= 0.00t

Total horizontal force Fh=Fh1+Fh2= 0.92t
Vertical load due to DL of slab/shelf=Fv2=
2.25t
Total Vertical load FV=Fv1+Fv2= 6.35t
:.Safesty against over turning= 6.885 >1.5 :. Safe
Vertical load on Slab=Fv1= =4.10t/Sqm
Add Self wt of slab =0.75t/Sqm
UDL =4.85t/Sqm
 Slab is to be designed for bending moment due to UDL Fv
Effective length= 1.9+0.3= 2.20m Measured from Cad dwg from failure plane to face of rt wall
BM due to earth pressure and LL (The selfis extended beyond failure plane
:. BM=wl^2/8= 2.93t-m at support
:. BM=9wl^2/128= 1.65t-m below slab @ 3L/8 from prop

2.93x 100000
=17.13cm
Effective depth required d= 10x100

:. Provide over all depth D=30.00cm

Effective depth available= 30.00 -5.0-1.0= 24.00cm

2.93x100000
Area of steel required Ast= = 5.72 sqcm
2400x0.89x24.0

:.Spacing of reinforcement bar dia 12 Tor = 1.13x 1000

=197.8 mm
5.72
:.Provide12.00Tor @ 190 mm C/C on both faces <1000C/C required for horizontal force
For both face
Distribution reinforcement =0.12% of gross sectional area.
0.12x100x28.00
= =3.36sqcm
100
10mm tor spacing= 0.79x 1000 =233.8 mm
3.36
Provide 10 Tor @ 200 mm C/C on both faces . 2.93t-m

Deflection:- Span/250 or 20mm which ever is less B3

2.20m
Span/250= 8.80mm 1.65t-m
Span/D= 7.33mm BMD
Deflection=-Fl^3/384EI =0.000 mm < 7.33 mm :.OK
14.10t
F= 10.67t/m 106700N B3
L= 2200.00mm
E= 22361Mpa 6.14t
I= 1.152E+15 SFD
SF= 6.14t
Shear stress=V/bd= 0.20N/sqmm Within permissible limits :.OK
Design of head wall stem between shelf B3 and C3:-
Since the slab is designed as propped cantilever slab to take load coming on to the slab/shelf ,the earth
pressure above ths shelf is not considered for designing the stem wall below the level of shelf slab, but
reaction due to support of slab on to the stem wall is cinsidered.
Earth pressure from bottom of shelf slab to the second shelf
b) level and an additional height above first shelf is
considered for safety purpose=P4= 6.14t

0.333x2x 3.85= 2.56t/Sqm

D=0.30m
B3
3.00m

Since the wall is fixed at top to the first shelf and bottom at second
shelf,the stem wall is designed as slab fixed at both end with
triangular load. 3.00m

Total force F= 3.84t/m C3

Reactions
Rc=7F/10 2.69t 2.56t/Sqm
Rb=3F/10= 1.15t 0.30m Earth pressure
diagram
 Earth pressure
diagram

Moment=
Mbc=-FL/15= -0.77t-m
Mcb=-FL/10=-1.15t-m
M at x =Fl/23.32at (1-3^0.2)l from C=0.49t-m
Consider M max= 1.15t-m

1.15x 100000
=11.25cm
Effective thickness required t= 9.10x100

:. Provide over all thickness T= 30.00cm

Effective t available= 30.00 -7.5-1.0= 21.50cm
1.15x100000
Area of steel required Ast= = 2.98 sqcm
2400x0.89x21.5
:.Spacing of reinforcement bar dia 12 Tor = 1.13x 1000
=379.6 mm
2.98
:.Provide12.00Tor @ 200 mm C/C on both faces

Distribution reinforcement =0.12% of gross sectional area.

0.12x100x25.50
= =3.06sqcm
100
10mm tor spacing= 0.79x 1000 =256.7 mm
3.06
Provide 10 Tor @ 200 mm C/C on both faces .

Deflection:- Span/250 or 20mm which ever is less

Span/250= 12.00mm
0.85m
Deflection=-Fl^3/382EI =0.161 mm < 12.00 mm :.OK

F= 11.52t/m 115200N
L= 3000.00mm 2.93t-m
E= 22361Mpa B3 0.38t-m 0.00t-m
I= 2250000000 -0.77t-m
1.65t-m
SF= 2.69t 26880N
3.00m
Shear stress=V/bd= 26880.00 =0.09N/sqmm
1000x300.00
3.00m
0.49t-m

0.245h2
C3 -1.15t-m

B M Diagram
Check for stresses on wall:

P= 13.72t A= 0.30sq m Eccentricity e=M/P= 0.084 m

M= 1.15t-m Z= 0.015 e is with in half width of stem.Therefore the memberwill behave
as a compression member.
Pmax= 122.534167 t/sqm <650t/sqm for M20
Pmin= 44.5971667 t/sqm Both are compressive

The vertical stem is of RCC wall continued furthe below with shelfs. Therefore it is fixed at bottom of shelf and
continueous further down, and there will not be chances of over turning and sliding. But the following calculation is
carried out to confirm that the stabilising forces are predominent over the destabilising forces.
Horizontal force at top of slab= Fh1= 3.84t/m

Vertical load on Slab=Fv1= 37.05t/m

:.Safety =Fv/Fh= 9.648 >1.5 :. Safe

If slab is designed to take Fv .

Horizontal force due to reaction from bottom wall Fh2= 2.69t

Total horizontal force Fh=Fh1+Fh2= 6.53t Moment disturbing = 9.024 t-m
Vertical load due to DL of structure=Fv2=
7.88t
Total Vertical load FV=Fv1+Fv2= 44.93t Moment stabilising= 74.12625 t-m
:.Safesty against overall forces= 8.214 >1.5 :. Safe
Second shelf/Slab design at level C2, D2:-

Disturbing moments:-
Since the shelf at level B is designed as propped cantilever slab, there will not be any surcharge
effect on the soil between point B and C. But considering the additional safety a surcarge 1t/sqm
is considered for design.
a) Pressure due to live load S.C.= 1.00t/Sqm

Earth pressure from top Shelf to the second

b) 0.333x2x 3.00= 2.00t/Sqm
shelf slab=

M due to Surcharge=M1= 1.000 x 1.00 x 3.00 /2 x x3.00 = 4.50t-m

M due to Earth pressure=M2= 2.0 /2 x 1.00 x 3.00 x0.42 x x3.00 = 3.8t-m

Total moment= 8.28t-m

Horizontal force at top of slab= Fh1= 9.00t/m

Vertical load on Slab=Fv1= 7.00t/m

Add Self wt of slab =0.75t/Sqm
UDL =7.75t/Sqm
Slab is to be designed for bending moment due to UDL Fv
Effective length= 1.9+0.3= 2.20m Measured from Cad dwg
BM due to earth pressure and LL
:. BM=wl^2/8= 4.69t-m
:. BM=9wl^2/128= 2.64t-m below slab @ 3L/8 from prop

4.69x 100000
=22.70cm
Effective depth required d= 9.10x100

:. Provide over all depth D=30.00cm

Effective depth available= 30.00 -5.0-1.0= 24.00cm

4.69x100000
Area of steel required Ast= = 9.15 sqcm
2400x0.89x24.0
:.Spacing of reinforcement bar dia 12 Tor = 1.13x 1000
=123.6 mm
9.15
:.Provide12.00Tor @ 120 mm C/C on both faces
 Distribution reinforcement =0.12% of gross sectional area.

0.12x100x28.00
= =3.36sqcm
100
10mm tor spacing= 0.79x 1000 =233.8 mm
3.36
Provide 10 Tor @ 200 mm C/C on both faces .
Deflection:- Span/250 or 20mm which ever is less
Span/250= 8.80mm 2.64t-m 4.69t-m
Span/D= 7.33mm 2.20m
Deflection=-Fl^3/384EI =0.000 mm <7.33mm :. Ok
F= 17.05t/m 170500N
L= 2200.00mm 7.50t
E= 22361Mpa
I= 8.8733E+11 9.80t
SF= 9.80t SFD
Shear stress=V/bd= 0.33N/sqmm
Within permissible limits:.OK
Total horizontal Force=
LL Surcharge=
1.000 x 1.00 x3.00 = 3.00t/m
Due to EP above slab
2.0 /2 x 1.00 x3.00 = 3.00t/m
Due to EP below slab and above second
2.0 /2 x 1.00 x3.00 = 3.00t/m
Total force/m width= 8.99t/m
Deduct the friction force between RCC slab and soil
17.050 x 1.00 x0.50 = 8.525
Net tensile force to be resisted 0.47t/m
The steel required against Tension due to EP & LL Surchage to hold the stem by pressure relief shelf.

steel rod and force in each rod= AsX 2400kg/sqcm

Consider 12mm dia rod 2.71296 t/each rod

0.47t/m X2= :. No of rods required= 0.34574782 /mx1.5/2= 0.26rods

0.94t/m from top & bottom say 1rods/m
spacing= 1000 mm c/c
Adoptthe same design of Shelf at C2 for shelf at level D2 also.

Design of head wall stem between shelf C3 and D3:-

Since the shelf at C2 is designed as propped cantilever slab to take load coming on to the slab/shelf ,the
earth pressure above ths shelf is not considered for designing the stem wall below the level of shelf slab,
but reaction due to support of slab on to the stem wall is cinsidered.
Earth pressure from bottom of shelf slab to the second shelf
b) level and an additional height of 3.0m is considered for
safety purpose=P4= 13.72t

0.333x2x 6.00= 4.00t/Sqm

D=0.30m
C3
3.00m

Since the stem wall is fixed at the first shelf and bottom at second
shelf,the stem wall is designed as slab fixed at both end with
triangular load. 3.00m

Total force F= 6.00t/m D3

Reactions
Rd=7F/10 4.20t 4.00t/Sqm
Rc=3F/10= 1.80t 0.30m Earth pressure
diagram
 Moment=
Mcd=-FL/15= -1.20t-m
Mdc=-FL/10=-1.80t-m
M at x =Fl/23.32at (1-3^0.2)l from L= 0.77t-m
Consider M max= 1.80t-m
1.80x 100000
=14.06cm
Effective thickness required t= 9.10x100

:. Provide over all thickness T= 30.00cm

Effective t available= 30.00 -7.5-1.0= 21.50cm
1.80x100000
Area of steel required Ast= = 4.99 sqcm
2400x0.89x20.1
:.Spacing of reinforcement bar dia 12 Tor = 1.13x 1000
=226.7 mm
4.99
:.Provide12.00Tor @ 200 mm C/C on both faces

Distribution reinforcement =0.12% of gross sectional area.

A3
0.12x100x25.50
= =3.06sqcm
100
10mm tor spacing= 0.79x 1000 =256.7 mm 2.93t-m
3.06 0.38t-m
Provide 10 Tor @ 180 mm C/C on both faces . 0.00t-m
B3 -0.77t-m
Deflection:- Span/250 or 20mm which ever is less 1.65t-m
Span/250= 12.00mm
3.00m
Deflection=-Fl^3/382EI =0.252 mm < 12.00 mm :.OK

F= 18.00t/m 180000N 0.49t-m

L= 3000.00mm 4.69t-m
E= 22361Mpa C3 -1.15t-m
I= 2250000000 -1.20t-m
2.64t-m
SF= 4.20t 42000N
3.00m
Shear stress=V/bd= 42000.00 =0.14N/sqmm
1000x300.00
3.00m
0.77t-m

0.245h2
D2 -1.80t-m
B M Diagram
Check for stresses on wall:
P= 23.67t A= 0.30sq m Eccentricity e=M/P= 0.076 m
M= 1.80t-m Z= 0.015 e is with in half width of stem.Therefore the memberwill behave
as a compression member.
Pmax= 198.900833 t/sqm <650t/sqm for M20
Pmin= 77.1158333 t/sqm Both are compressive
The vertical stem is of RCC wall continued furthe below with shelfs. Therefore it is fixed at bottom of shelf and
continueous further down, and there will not be chances of over turning and sliding. But the following calculation is
carried out to confirm that the stabilising forces are predominent over the destabilising forces.

Horizontal force at top of slab= Fh1= 9.84t/m Moment disturbing = 11.76 t-m

Vertical load on Slab=Fv1= 55.05t/m Moment stabilising= 55.575 t-m

Fv/Fh= 4.726 >1.5 :. Safe
If slab is designed to take Fv .
Summary of Loads Due to Earth Pressure and Relief shelf for stability calculation taking moment about
centre of stem base
Restoring Forces
Sl No. Type of loads At bottom of slab
Load LA Moment
1 D L of retaining wall from A to E 5.81 0.15 0.87
2 Dead load of Shelf I,II 4.50 1.65 7.43
3 Earth fill 36.00 1.65 59.40
4 Wt of soil on heel+self weight 20.25 1.65 33.41
5 Wt of toe slab 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 SIDL 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Live load +Surcharge above first shelf 7.20 1.65 11.88
Total Restoring Force 73.76 112.99

Overturning Forces Lateral force LA Moment

1 EP above the first shelf 0.24 7.18 1.74 LL sc is considered
2 EP between first shelf and second shelf 1.92 4.60 8.83
3 EP between second shelf and third shelf 3.00 1.30 3.90
4 LL Surcharge 0.68 7.18 4.88
Total Overturning Force 5.84 19.36

Stability Check at foundation level:

Check against Sliding As per clause no. 706.3.4 IRC: 78-2014

Vertical Load (VL) = 73.76 t

Horizontal Force (HF) = 5.84 t
Factor of Safety 0.5xVL/HF = 6.31 > 1.5
Friction=0.5 Hence O.K.

Check against Overturning

Restoring Moment (Rm) = 112.99 t

Total Overturning Moment (=OaO) = 19.36 t
Factor of Safety =Rm/Oa = 5.84 > 2
Here the passive pressure is not taken in to account for safety of structure. Hence O.K.
In addition to all these arrangements a shear key is provided for more safety
Since it is a pressure relief shelf retaining wall, the restoring moment is predominent and the entire earth
retained will rest on the soil and the system acts as RE wall . The vertical stem act as only facia. Therefore no
need for calculation of bearing pressure on foundation.
Check Bearing Pressure

Total Vertical Load(W) = 73.76 t

Moment ( M) -= 93.63 t-m "-ve"
Since restoring moment is more, it may be taken as " 0"for calculating bearing pressure