Team of IIT-JEE / PMT Experts

IIT-JEE

M
A
T
H
E
M 1. Limits
A 2. Continuity
T 3. Differentiability
I
C
S
PUSHKAR ENCLAVE, STADIUM ROAD, BAREILLY
PH. 9639011515
Mathematics........ Calculus

Limits EXERCISE-1

PRACTICE OF FASTEST PROCEDURE OF FINDING LIMITS

"TRY TO DO THESE QUESTIONS IN MIND"

TIME LIMIT:- 20-30 SECONDS PER QUESTION
2
x - x.1nx + 1nx - 1
Q.1. Lim
x ®1
Q 2. Lim [ln (1 + sin²x). cot(ln2 (1 + x))]
x -1 x ®0

- cos x tan p2x

Q.3 Lim 2 -1 æ px ö
Q 16. x ® p2 x ( x - p ) Q 4. Lim
x ®1
ç tan ÷
2 è 4 ø

1
27x - 9 x - 3x + 1 æ x - 1 + cos x ö x
Q 5. Lim Q 6. Lim
x ®0 2 - 1 + cos x x ®0 ç ÷
è x ø

2 2
Lim tan x - x 1 - x + ln x
Q 7. x ®0 2 2 Q 8. Evaluate, Lim
x tan x x ®1 1 + cos px

é æ ay ö æ by ö ù
ê expç x ln(1 + )÷ - expç x1n(1 + )÷ ú
è x ø è x øú
Q 9. Lim êê Limit
x®¥ y ú
y ®0
ê ú
ë û

1
2 2
Q.10 Lim é1 + 5x ù x = ______. [ IIT’96, 1 ]
x®0 ê 2ú
ë 1 + 3x û

x tan 2x - 2x tan x
Q.11 Lim
x ®0 2 is : [ JEE '99, 2 (out of 200) ]
(1 - cos 2x)
1 1
(A) 2 (B) - 2 (C) (D) -
2 2

a tan x - a sin x
Q.12 Evaluate Lim , a > 0. [REE 2001, 3 out of 100]
x ®0 tan x - sin x

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Limits EXERCISE-2

1. Evaluate : Lim l n(1 + sin2x) . cot2 l n(1+x)

x ®0

xx - 1
2. Evaluate : Lim
x ®1 x log x

1.n + 2(n - 1) + 3(n - 2) + ........ + n.1

3. Evaluate : Lim 12 + 22 + 32 + ........ + n 2
n®¥

(1 - x)(1 - x 2 )(1 - x3 ).........(1 - x 2 n )

4. Find the value of Lim 2 3
x ®1 [(1 - x)(1 - x )(1 - x ).......(1 - x )]
n 2

x2 + x +1
5. Evaluate : Lim = ……… (where [x] represents greatest integer
x ®¥ [x 2 ]
function)

y3
6. Lim 3 2
as (x,y) ® (1, 0) along the line y = x – 1, equals to –
x ®1 x - y - 1
y ®0

sin[sin x ]
7. Lim 1 + [sin x ] (where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function)
x ®p / 2

lnx - [ x ]
8. Evaluate : Lim [x]
(where [ . ] denote the greatest integer function)
x ®¥

9. If [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then evaluate
[ x ] + [ 2 x ] + [3x ] + ...... + [nx ]
Lim n2
n® ¥

[1 2 ( f( x )) x ] + [ 2 2 ( f( x )) x ] + [3 2 ( f( x )) x ] + ........[n 2 ( f( x )) x ]
10. Lim n3
(where [ . ]
n
®¥
denote the greatest2 integer
2/x 3
function)
11. If Lim (1+ax+bx ) = e , then find all possible value of a & b.
x ®0

1/ x 1/ x 1/ x 1/ x nx
12. Evaluate : Lim 1 +2 +3n +.....n .
x ®0
13. A function of an integral argument attains the values u1=0.9, u2=0.99, u3=0, 999, .........
un = 0.999......9
14444244443 then find nLim
®¥ and absolute value of difference between un and its limit

not to be exceed 0.0001?

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 x ®¥ è n ø
Mathematics........ Calculus
01
.999
42......
439
n times
Lim
n® ¥

14. If a, b are the roots of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0 then find the value of
1 - cos( x 2 + bx + c)
Lim (b - x )2
.
x ®b
ab - ba
15. Evaluate : Lim aa - bb . 16. Evaluate : Lim x1/10 .sin 1/ x
x ®0
a ®b

( 4 x - 1)3
17. Evaluate : Lim x2
x ®0 sin( 4x ) log(1 + 3
)

n
2 4
18. If |x| < 1 then find the value of Lim [ (1+x) (1+x ) (1+x )……………. 1+ x 2 ] =
n ®¥

x
19. Evaluate : Lim (1 + 2x + 3x + ………….99x)1/x
x ®¥
1 1 - x2
20. Evaluate : Lim sin-1(secx) 21. Lim -
x ®0 x ®0 x sin -1 x x2

arcsin x - arctan x 2 x1/ 2 + 3 x1/ 3 + 5 x1/ 5

22. Lim 23. Lim
x ®0 x3 x ® 0 (3 x - 2)1/ 2 + (2 x - 3)1/ 3

ae x - b cos x + ce - x
24. Lim = 2. Find the values of a, b and c.
x ®0 x sin x

é x +1 p ù 2- cos x - 1
25. Lim x ê tan -1 - 26. Lim
x ®¥
ë x + 2 4 úû x ®p / 2 æ pö
xç x - ÷
è 2ø
(cos a ) x + (sin a ) x - 1
27. Lim(cos x + a sin bx)1/ x 28. Lim
x ®0 x®2 x-2

é exp{xIn(1 + ay / x )} - exp{xIn(1 + by / x)} ù

29. Lim ê Lim ú
y ®0
ë x®¥ y û

30. Lim tan2x [ (2 sin2x + 3 sin x + 4)½ - (sin2x + 6 sin x + 2)½]

x ®p / 2

tan x - tan y (1 + x)1/ x - e

31. Lim 32. Lim
x® y x-y x®0 x

33. If f(x) = cos x ; x = np , n = 0, 1, 2………..

=3 ; otherwise
& f(x) = x2 + 1 ; x ¹ 3, x ¹ 0
=3 ;x=0
=5 ;x=3
Then find Lim f[f(x)]
x ®0

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Mathematics........ Calculus

34. Lim élog ( x -1) ( x) ´ log x ( x + 1) ´ log ( x +1) ( x + 2) ´ log ( x + 2) ( x + 3).....................log ( x5 -1) ( x5 ) ù
x ®¥ ë û

1/| x|
é æp öù
35. Lim êsin ç [ x] ÷ ú ; where [] represents greatest integer function.
x ®1
ë è 2 øû

27 x - 9 x - 3x + 1
36. Lim
x ®0
2 - 1 + cos x

ì 1 ; when x is irrational
37. Prove that : Lim Lim 1 + cos 2 m (n !p x ) = í .
m ®¥ n®¥
î 2 ; when x is rational

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Limits EXERCISE-3
13
x2 - x x -7 x
Q 1. Lim
x ®1
Q 2. Lim
x -1 x ®1 5 x -3 x

x 2 - x.1nx + 1nx - 1 æ p q ö
Q3. Lim Q 4. Lim ç - ÷ p, q Î N
x ®1
x -1 x ®1 è 1 - x 1 - x q ø
p

Lim 2 x + 3x1/ 3 + 5x1/ 5 1 + 3 tan x

Q 5. x ®¥ 1/ 3 Q 6. Lim
3x - 2 + (2x - 3) 3p 1 - 2 cos2 x
x®
4

a æ 2x xö
Q 7. (a) Lim tan
-1
= ? where a Î R (b) Plot the graph of the function f(x) = Lim ç tan -1 2 ÷
x ®0 x2 t ®0 è p t ø
é100 k ù
ê å x ú -100
Q 8. Lim ëK=1 û
x ®1 x -1
Q 9. Find the sum of an infinite geometric series whose first term is the limit of the function
tan x - sin x
f(x) = as x ® 0 and whose common ratio is the limit of the function
sin 3 x
1- x
g(x) = as x ® 1.
(cos -1 x ) 2
e t + e- t Lim
Q 10. Lim
x ®¥ (x - l n cosh x) where cosh t = 1. x ® p cos-1 [cot x] where [ ] denotes GIF
. Q 11.
2 2

Lim 1 - tan x
Q 12. x® p Q 13. Lim [ln (1 + sin²x). cot(ln2 (1 + x))]
4 1 - 2 sin x x ®0
- cos x
sec 4 x - sec 2 x Lim 2 - cos q - sin q Lim 2 -1
Q 14. Lim Q 15. q® p Q 16. p
x® 2 p
x ®0
sec 3x - sec x 4 ( 4 q - p) 2 x (x - 2 )

Q 17. If Lim a sin x -3 sin 2x is finite then find the value of 'a' & the limit.
x ®0 tan x
Lim (1n (1 + x ) - 1n 2)(3.4 x -1 - 3x) 1 - sin 2x
Q 18. x ®1 1 1 Q 19. Lim
x® p
[(7 + x) - (1 + 3x ) ].sin(x - 1)
3 2
4 p - 4x

(x 3 + 27 ) 1n (x - 2) (cos a) x + (sin a) x - 1 27x - 9 x - 3x + 1

Q 20. Lim
x ®3 2 Q 21. Lim
x ®2 Q 22. Lim
x ®0
x -9 x -2 2 - 1 + cos x
x
Q 23. Let f ( x ) = , x>0 and g (x ) = x + 3, x <1
sin x
= 2 - x, x £ 0 = x 2 - 2x - 2, 1 £ x < 2
= x - 5, x³2
find LHL and RHL of g f ( x) at x = 0 and hence find Lim g f ( x ) .
x®0

(3x 4 + 2x 2 ) sin 1x + | x |3 +5
Q 24. xLim
®-¥
| x |3 + | x |2 + | x | +1

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Continuity Basic Exercise

Section-1
x2 - 1 fo r x < 3
4
(1) (a) If f (x) = é is continuous for all x Î R. Find 'a'. [Ans. a= ]
êë 3
2ax fo r x ³ 3

x fo r x < - 2
é 1
(b) If f (x) = is continuous " x Î R, find (b).[Ans : b = – ]
êë 2 2
bx fo r x ³ - 2
π
x+a 2 sin x 0£ x<
é 4
ê π π
(2) Find the values of 'a' and 'b' so that the function f (x)= ê 2 x cot x + b £ x£
4 2
p p ê
ë p
is continuous in [0, p] [Ans: a= , b= – ] a cos 2 x - b sin x < x£p
6 12 2
1 - cos 4 x
if x < 0
x2
é
(3) f (x)= ê a if x = 0
Determine 'a' if possible so that the
êë x function is continuous at x = 0.
if x > 0
16 + x -4 [Ans : a = 8]
a
|sin x | p
(1+ | sin x | ) for - < x<0
é 6
(4) Let f (x) = ê b for x = 0 Find 'a' and 'b' if f is continuous at x =0.
êë tan 2 x 2
p 3]
e tan 3 x for 0 < x < [Ans : a = 2 3 , b = e
6
cos p x - x 2 n sin( x - 1)
(5) f (x) = Lim . Discuss the continuity at x = 1.
n ®¥ 1 + x 2 n +1 - x 2 n [Ans : f (1+) = f(1–) = –1 = f (1)]

x n - sin x n
(6) f (x) = Lim n for x > 0, x ¹ 1 and f (1) = 0. Discuss the continuity at x =1.
n ®¥ x + sin x n

sin x n
1-
x n é 1 for x > 1
[Hint : f (x) = Lim ; f (x) = ê 0 for x = 1 (given) ]
n ®¥ sin x n ë 0 for x < 1
1+
xn

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Mathematics........ Calculus

1
fo r 0 £ x < 2
é x -1
ê
ê -
3
fo r 2 < x < 4
(7) f (x) = ê Also f (2) = a; f (4) = b. Find 'a' and 'b' if possible
x +1
such that f is continuous at x=2 & 4.
ê
êë x+2
3
fo r 4 < x £ 6 [Ans : 'a' is not possible to determine, b = – ,
10( x - 5) 5
x = 1, 2, 5 are the points of discontinuity]

(8) State the number of point of discontinuities and discuss the nature of discontinuity for the function f (x)
1
= and also sketch its graph.
ln | x |

Section-2 (Drichlet Function)

x if x Î Q x if x Î Q
(1) f (x) = (2) f (x) =
0 if x Ï Q - x if x Ï Q
is continuous only at x = ....... is continuous only at x =.......

x if x Î Q x 2 if x Î Q
(3) f (x) = (4) f (x) =
1 - x if x Ï Q 1 if x Ï Q
continuous only at x = ...... continuous only at x =..... &......

ANS:- (1) 0 (B) 0 (3) 1/2 (4) 1, -1

Section-3 (Oral Problems)

( x 2 + 3x - 1) tan x
é 2
if x ¹ 0 1
(1) If f (x) = x + 2 x is continuous at x=0, k=?[Ans. k = – ]
êë 2
k if x = 0

é sin 1 x x¹0
(2) f (x) = is continuous at x = 0 [T or F]
êë 0 if x = 0
sin x + sin 5x p
if x ¹ -
é cos x + cos 5x 4 p
(3) If f (x) = p Find k if f is continuous at x = –
êë k if x = - 4
4 1
(A*) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) -
2

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Mathematics........ Calculus

é x +1 x £1
(4) If f (x) = is cont. at at x = 1., a=? [Ans. a = 1]
êë 3 - ax 2 x > 1
x2 -1
(5) f (x) = is not defined at x = 1. What is the value of f (1) if it is continuous at x = 1.
x3 - 1 2
[Ans. ]
3
cos x
(6) What kind of discontinuity the function has at x = 0.
x
[non removable- infinite type]

Continuity
ln cos x
if x > 0
4
é 1 + x2 - 1
Q 1. Let f(x) =
ê
ë e sin 4 x - 1
if x < 0
ln(1 + tan 2 x)
Is it possible to define f(0) to make the function continuous at x = 0. If yes what is the value of f(0), if
not then indicate the nature of discontinuity.
é f (x )
ê , x¹3
Q 2. Suppose that f(x) = x3 - 3x2 - 4x + 12 and h(x) = ê x - 3 then
ë K , x=3
(a) find all zeros of f (x)
(b) find the value of K that makes h continuous at x = 3
(c) using the value of K found in (b), determine whether h is an even function.

x2 x2 x2
Q 3. Let yn(x) = x2 + + +............+
1 + x 2 (1 + x 2 )2 (1 + x 2 ) n -1
and y(x) = Limit
n®¥ n
y (x )
Discuss the continuity of yn(x) (n = 1, 2, 3..........n) and y(x) at x = 0

Q 4. Draw the graph of the function f(x) = x -½x -x²½, -1 £ x £ 1 & discuss the continuity or discontinuity
of f in the interval -1 £ x £ 1.

é 1 - sin p x 1
ê 1 + cos 2 p x
, x< 2
Q 5. Let f(x) =
ê p , x= 1
. Determine the value of p , if possible, so that the
ê 2
2x - 1
ê , x> 1
2
êë 4+ 2x - 1 -2

function is continuous at x = 1/2.

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Q 6. Given the function g (x) = 6 - 2 x and h (x) = 2x2 – 3x + a. Then

é
g( x ), x £1
(a) evaluate h ( g(2) ) (b) If f (x) = ê , find 'a' so that f is continuous.
ë h (x ), x >1

é1 + x , 0 £ x £ 2
Q 7. Let f(x) = ê . Determine the form of g(x) = f [f(x)] & hence find the point of
ë3 - x , 2 < x £ 3
discontinuity of g, if any.

Q 8. Let [x] denote the greatest integer function & f(x) be defined in a neighbourhood of 2 by
[ x +1]
é
ê exp {( x + 2) ln4}
4 -16
x
, x <2
f (x) = ê 4 -16 .
ê 1-cos( x -2)
êë A ( x -2) tan ( x -2) , x >2

Find the values of A & f(2) in order that f(x) may be continuous at x = 2.

é tan 6 x
ê 65 tan 5 x if 0 < x < p2
ê
Q 9. The function f(x) = ê b + 2 if x = p2
ê æ a tan x
ç
ö
÷
ê 1 + cos x ç
è
b ÷
ø if p
< x<p
ë 2

Determine the values of 'a' & 'b' , if f is continuous at x = p/2.

1
x 2 sin , if x ¹ 0
Q.10 Let f (x) = é x ; then prove that f is continuous at x = 0.
êë
0 if x = 0

Q.11 Let f (x) = x + 2, –4£x£0

=2–x , 2 0<x£4
then find f f (x ) , domain of f f ( x) and also comment upon the continuity of f f ( x ) .

ìï1 + x3 , x < 0 ìï x - 1 1/ 3 , x < 0

Q 12. Let f(x) = í 2 ; g(x) = í 1/ 2 . Discuss the continuity of g (f (x)).
ïîx - 1 , x ³ 0 ïî x + 1 , x³0

é 3
ê 1 - s in x if x< p
ê 3cos2 x 2

p ê x= p
Q.13 Determine a & b so that f is continuous at x = . f(x) = ê a if 2
2
ê b (1 - s i n x ) if x> p
2
ê æç p - 2 x ö÷ 2
ë è ø

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Mathematics........ Calculus

é
ê sin ( a +1) x + sin x
ê x for x<0
ê
Q.14 Determine the values of a, b & c for which the function f (x) = c for x=0
ê
ê æ x + b x 2 ö1/ 2 - x1/ 2
ê çè ÷
ø
for x>0
êë b x 3/ 2

is continuous at x = 0.

Q.15 If f(x) = sin 3 x + A sin 2 x + B sin x (x¹ 0) is cont. at x = 0. Find A & B. Also find f(0).
x5

é 1 for 0£x£2
ê x 3- 1
Q.16 Discuss the continuity of the function ‘f’ defined as follows : f(x) = ê x + 1 for 2 < x £ 4 and
ê x +1
êë x - 5 for 4<x£6
draw the graph of the function for x Î [0, 6]. Also indicate the nature of discontinuities if any.

Q.17 If f(x) = x + {-x} + [x] , where [x] is the integral part & {x} is the fractional part of x. Discuss the
continuity of f in [ -2 , 2 ].
é ax - b for x £1
Q.18 ê
Find the locus of (a, b) for which the function f (x) = 3x for 1 < x < 2
ê 2
êëbx - a for x³2
is continuous at x = 1 but discontinuous at x = 2.
x n f (x) + h( x) + 1 sin 2 (p·2 x )
Q.20 Let g (x) = Lim Lim
, x ¹ 1 and g (1) = x ®1 be a continuous function
n ®¥ 2 x n + 3x + 3 ln sec( p·2 x )
at x = 1, find the value of 4 g (1) + 2 f (1) – h (1).
Assume that f (x) and h (x) are continuous at x = 1.

Q.21 If g : [a, b] onto [a, b] is continous show that there is some c Î [a, b] such that g (c) = c.
æ 2 + cos x 3 ö
Q.22 The function f(x) = ç 3 - ÷ is not defined at x = 0. How should the function be defined at
è x sin x x 4 ø
x = 0 to make it continuous at x = 0.
a sin x - a tan x
Q.23 f (x) = for x > 0
tan x - sin x
ln (1 + x + x 2 ) + ln (1 - x + x 2 )
= for x < 0, if f is continuous at x = 0, find 'a'
sec x - cos x
æ xö
now if g (x) = ln ç 2 - ÷ · cot (x – a) for x ¹ a, a ¹ 0, a > 0. If g is continuous at x = a then show that
è aø
g(e–1) = – e.

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Q.24
(a) Let f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x , y & if the function f(x) is continuous at x = 0 , then show that f(x) is
continuous at all x.
(b) If f(x. y) = f(x). f(y) for all x,y and f(x) is continuous at x = 1. Prove that f(x) is continuous for all x except
at x = 0. Given f(1) ¹ 0.
n
x ö
Q.25 Given f (x) = å tan æç xr ö÷ sec æçè r - 1÷
ø
; r, n Î N
r=1 è2 ø 2
n
l n f (x) + tan xn - f (x) + tan xn . sin tan x p
Limit 2 2 2
g (x) = n ® ¥ n
for x ¹
4
1 + f (x) + tan xn
2
p
=k for x =
4
and the domain of g(x) is (0 , p/2).where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function.
Find the value of k, if possible, so that g(x) is continuous at x = p/4. Also state the points of discontinuity
of g (x) in (0 , p/4) , if any.
f (x )
Q.26 Let f (x) = x3 – x2 – 3x – 1 and h (x) = where h is a function such that
g( x )
(a) it is continuous every where except when x = – 1,
(b) Lim h ( x ) = ¥ and
x ®¥
1
(c) Lim h ( x ) = .
x ®-1 2
Find Lim 3h (x ) + f ( x ) - 2g( x )
x ®0

é 1 - ax + xax lna
ê for x < 0
a x x2
Q.28 Consider the function g(x) = ê x x where a > 0.
ê2 a - xln2 - xlna - 1
ê for x > 0
ë x2
Then find the value of 'a' & 'g(0)' so that the function g(x) is continuous at x = 0.

é p - sin -1 1 - {x}2 . sin -1 1 - {x}

ê 2 for x ¹ 0
Q.29 Let f(x) = êê 2 {x} - {x}3 where {x} is the fractional part of x.
êp for x = 0
êë 2
Consider another function g(x) ; such that
g(x) = f(x) for x ³ 0
= 2 2 f(x) for x < 0
Discuss the continuity of the functions f(x) & g(x) at x = 0.

é 4 x - 5 [x] for x > 1

Q.30 Discuss the continuity of f in [0,2] where f(x) = ê ; where [x] is the greatest
ë cos p x for x £ 1
integer not greater than x. Also draw the graph.

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Continuity

Q 1. State whether True or False.

tan p -x
4 p p
(a). If f(x) = for x ¹ , then the value which can be given to f(x) at x = so that the function
cot 2x 4 4
becomes continuous every where in (0,p/2) is 1/4.

1
(b) The function f, defined by f(x) = is continuous for real x.
1 + 2 tan x

1
(c) f(x) = Limit is continuous at x = 1.
n® ¥ 1 + n sin 2 p x

é2 x + 1 if -3 < x < - 2
(d) The function f(x) = êê x - 1 if -2 £ x < 0 is continuous everywhere in (-3, 1).
êë x + 2 if 0 £ x <1

x
(e) The function defined by f(x)= for x ¹ 0 & f(0) = 1 is continuous at x = 0.
x + 2x 2

- 21 /(1- x )
(f) The function f(x) = 2 if x ¹ 1 & f(1) = 1 is not continuous at x = 1.

(g) The function f(x) = 2x (x 3 - 1) + 5 x (1 - x 4 ) + 7x 2 (x - 1) + 3x + 2 is continuous at x = 1.

(h) There exists a continuous function f: [0, 1] ¾® [0, 10], but

there exists no continuous function g : [0, 1] ¾® (0, 10).

Q 2. Fill in the blanks

1 - cos( cx ) 1
(a) Given f(x) = , x ¹ 0 & f (0) = . If f is continuous at x = 0, then the value of c is ______.
xsin x 2

1
(b). The function f(x) = has non removable discontinuity at x = ______ & removable discontinuity at
1n x
x = ______ respectively.

æ 1 ö
(c). If f(x) is continuous in [0 , 1] & f(x) = 1 for all rational numbers in [0 , 1] then f ç ÷ = ______.
è 2ø

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Mathematics........ Calculus

é x + a 2 sin x , 0£x< p
ê 4
(d). The values of 'a' & 'b' so that the function f (x) = ê2 x cot x + b , p £x£ p
4 2
êa cos 2 x - b sin x , p < x £ p
êë 2
is continuous for 0 £ x £ p are _______ & _______.

2 cos x - 1 p æ pö
(e). If f(x)= is continuous at x = then f ç ÷ = ______.
cot x - 1 4 è 4ø

Q3. Indicate the correct alternative(s):

cos p x - x 2 n sin (x - 1)
(a) The function defined as f(x) = Limit
n®¥
1 + x 2 n +1 - x 2n
(A) is discontinuous at x = 1 because f(1+) ¹ f(1-)
(B) is discontinuous at x = 1 because f(1) is not defined
(C) is discontinuous at x = 1 because f(1+) = f(1-) ¹ f(1)
(D) is continuous at x = 1

2 n2
(b) Let ‘f’ be a continuous function on R. If f (1/4n) = sin e n e - n + then f(0) is :
n2 + 1
(A) not unique (B) 1
(C) data sufficient to find f(0) (D) data insufficient to find f(0)

x
(c) Indicate all correct alternatives if, f (x) = - 1, then on the interval [ 0, p]
2
1 1
(A) tan ( f(x) ) & are both continuous (B) tan ( f (x)) & are both discontinuous
f (x) f (x)
1
(C) tan ( f (x) ) & f -1 (x) are both continuous (C) tan( f (x)) is continuous but is not
f (x )

(d) ’f’ is a continuous function on the real line. Given that

x² + (f(x) - 2) x - 3 . f(x) + 2 3 - 3 = 0. Then the value of f( 3 )
(A) can not be determined (B) is 2 (1 - 3 )
2 3-2
(C) is zero (D) is
3

(e) If f (x) = sgn (cos 2 x - 2 sin x + 3) , where sgn ( ) is the signum function , then f(x)
(A) is continuous over its domain (B) has a missing point discontinuity
(C) has isolated point discontinuity (D) has irremovable discontinuity.
[x]
(f) Let g(x) = tan–1|x| – cot–1|x|, f(x) = {x}, h(x) = g(f (x)) where {x} denotes fractional part and
[x + 1]
[x] denotes the integral part then which of the following holds good?
(A) h is continuous at x = 0 (B) h is discontinuous at x = 0
p p
(C) h(0–) = (D) h(0+) = –
2 2

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Mathematics........ Calculus

x n - sin x n
(g) Consider f(x) = Lim it n for x > 0, x ¹ 1
n ® ¥ x + sin x n
f(1) = 0
then
(A) f is continuous at x = 1
(B) f has a finite discontinuity at x = 1
(C) f has an infinite or oscillatory discontinuity at x = 1.
(D) f has a removable type of discontinuity at x = 1.

2
| x| e x x + {x}
(h) Given f(x) = for x ¹ 0
æ 12 ö
ç e x - 1÷ sgn (sin x )
ç ÷
è ø
=0 for x = 0

where {x} is the fractional part function; [x] is the step up function and sgn(x) is the signum function of
x , then f(x)
(A) is continuous at x = 0 (B) is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) has a removable discontinuity at x = 0 (D) has an irremovable discontinuity at x = 0

x[x]2 log (1+x ) 2 for - 1 < x < 0

(i) Consider f(x) =

é
ê x2
+2
ë for 0 < x < 1
tan x
where [ * ] & {*} are the greatest integer function & fractional part function respectively, then
(A) f(0) = ln2 Þ f is continuous at x = 0 (B) f(0) = 2 Þ f is continuous at x = 0
2
(C) f(0) = e Þ f is continuous at x = 0 (D) f has an irremovable discontinuity at x = 0

1+ x - 1- x
(j) Consider f(x) = x¹0
{x}

p
g(x) = cos2x – <x<0
4

1
f (g(x)) for x < 0
2
h(x)– 1 for x = 0
f (x) forx > 0
then, which of the following holds good.where {x} denotes fractional part function.
(A) 'h' is continuous at x = 0 (B) 'h' is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) f(g(x)) is an even function (D) f(x) is an even function

2x - 1
(k) The function f(x) = [x]. cos p , where [•] denotes the greatest integer function, is discontinuous
2
at
(A) all x (B) all integer points
(C) no x (D) x which is not an integer

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Differentiability Basic Exercise (Class Work)

Section-1
(1) Test the differentiability of the following functions at the given point
(a) f (x) = | ln x | at x = 1 [Ans : f '(1+) = – 1 ; f '(1–) = 1 ] ;

[Sol. f (x) = | ln x | at x = 1
ln x if ln x ³ 0 Þ x ³ 1
é
| ln x | = êë
- ln x if ln x < 0 Þ 0 < x < 1

f (1 + h ) - f (1) ln(1 + h ) - 0
f ' (1+) = Lim = Lim =1
h®0 h h® 0 h
f (1 - h ) - f (1) - ln(1 - h ) - 0
f ' (1–) = Lim = Lim =–1 ]
h®0 -h h® 0 -h

(b) f (x) = ln2x at x = 1 [Ans : f ' (1) = 0]

[Sol. f (x) = ln2x at x = 1

ln 2 (1 + h ) - 0 ln 2 (1 - h ) - 0
f' (1+) = Lim =0 f' (1–) = Lim =0 ]
h®0 h h ®0 -h
(c) f (x) = e– | x | at x = 0 [Ans : f '(0+) = – 1 ; f '(0–) = 1]
Note : If f (x) is differentiable at x = x0 then | f (x) | will also be differentiable provided f (x0) ¹ 0.
sin x 2
x¹0
é x
(2) f (x) = ê Find tangent & normal at x = 0, if they exist.
ë
0 at x = 0
| 1 - 4x 2 | 0 £ x < 1
é
(3) If f (x) = ê Test differentiability in (0, 2),
ë 2
[x - 2x] 1 £ x £ 2 where [ ] denotes greatest integer function.

1
é 1 - 4x 2 0£x£
ê 2 1
[Hint: f (x) = ê 2 1
4x - 1 < x <1 ] [Ans. not differentiable at x =
2
, 1]
ê 2
êë -1 1£ x < 2
0 x=2

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Mathematics........ Calculus

ax + b for for x £ -1
é
(4) If f (x) = ê 3 is differentiable for all x Î R find 'a' & 'b'.
ë ax + x + 2b x > -1
1
Note : both f ' (x) and f (x) must be continuous at x = – 1. [Ans: a = – , b = 1]
2
f (-1 - h ) - f (-1) a (+1 + h ) - b/ + (b/ - a )
[Sol.(4) f '(–1 – ) = Lim = Lim
h ®0 -h h ®0 +h
a/ + ah - a/
= Lim =a
h ®0 h
Hence f ' (–1–) = a
[ a ( - 1 + h ) 3 + ( -1 + h ) + 2 b ] - [ b - a ]
now, f' (–1+) = Lim
h ®0 h
= for exitence of limit of Nr ® 0
–a–1+b+a=0 Þ b=1
ah/ ( h 2 - 3h + 3) + h/ + b/ - 1/
now f ' (–1+)
= Lim = 3a + 1.
h ®0 h/
1
Hence f ' (–1+) = f ' (–1–) Þ 3a + 1 = a Þ a = –
2
Section-2
p
(5) (a) Test differentiability of f (x) = cosx + | cos x | at x =
2
p
[Sol. f (x) = cosx + | cos x | at x =
2
p
2 cos x if x <
é 2
cos x + | cos x | = ê p
ë0 if x ³
2
æ p+ ö æ p– ö
f ' çç ÷ = Lim 0 - 0 = 0 ç ÷ = Lim 2 sinh - 0 = – 2
f 'ç ]
÷ ÷
è 2 ø h ®0 h è 2 ø h ®0 h
(b) If f (x) = max. [(1–x), (1 + x), 2 ], find the number of points where f is not differentiable.
p
é
min f ( t ) / 0 £ t £ x for 0 £ x £
ê 2
(c) If f (x) = cos x and g (x) = êë p p
-x for < x £ 3
2 2
Then check continuity and derivability in [0, 3] of g (x).

é m æ1ö
(6) If f (x) = ê x .sinç ÷ x ¹ 0 is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 then
ë èxø find m. [Ans : m Î (0, 1] ]
0 if x = 0

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Mathematics........ Calculus

2
é 4x - 12 x + 9 .{x} for x ³ 1
(7) f (x) = ê check the differentiability in [–1, 2]
êë cosæ p (| x | -{x}ö x <1
ç ÷ 3
è2 ø [Ans : not differentiable at – 1, 0, 1, and 2]
2
[Sol. f is defined as follows in [–1, 2]

0 if x = 2 or x = - 1
é 3
ê (2 x - 3)( x - 1) if £x<2
ê 2
ê 3
f (x) = ê (3 - 2 x )( x - 1) if 1 £ x <
2
ê æp ö
ê cos ç ( x - x + 0) ÷ = 0 if 0 £ x < 1
è 2 ø
êë
p
cos(2 x + 1) if - 1 < x < 0
2
1 1
-
x· ( a x -a x)
(8) f (x) = 1 1 , x ¹ 0, (a > 0), f (0)=0 check continuity and derivability at x = 0.
- [Ans : f ' (0+) = – 1 ; f ' (0–) = 1 for a Î (0, 1) ]
ax +a x

(9) Let f (x) = sgn x and g (x) = x (1 – x2). Investigate the composite functions f g ( x ) and g f ( x )
for continuity and differentiability.
Ans:- continuous and derivable for all x.

x + a if x < 0 x +1 if x < 0
é é
(10) f (x) = ê and g (x) = ê
ë | x - 1 | if x ³ 0 ë ( x - 1)2 + b if x ³ 0
Where a and b are non negative real numbers. Determine the composite function gof. If (gof) (x) is
continuous for all real x, determine the values of a and b. Further, for these values of a and b, is gof
differentiable at x = 0? Justify your answer. [JEE 2002 (Mains), 5 out of 60]
[Ans : a = 1; b =0 (gof)' (0) = 0]
Section-3 (Oral Problems)
(i) Let f be defined as follows :
sin x if x < p
f (x) =
é where m and n are constants. Determine m and n such
êë mx + n if x ³ p
that f is derivable on set of real numbers.
1
(A*) m = – 1, n = p (B) m = ; n = – 1 (C) m = 1 ; n = – p
p
(ii) Check the differentiability of function at x = e.

( x - e) 2 - 2 1 ( e - x ) x ¹ e
f (x) = é [Ans : not differentiable at x = e]
êë 0 x =e

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Differentiability
Q.1 Discuss the continuity & differentiability of the function f(x) = sinx + sin½x½ , x Î R. Draw a rough
sketch of the graph of f(x).
Q.2 Examine the continuity and differentiability of f(x) = ½x½+ ½x - 1½ + ½x - 2½ x Î R.
Also draw the graph of f(x).
Q.3 Given a function f (x) defined for all real x, and is such that
f (x + h) – f (x) < 6h2 for all real h and x. Show that f (x) is constant.
é1 for -¥<x<0
ê
Q.4 A function f is defined as follows : f(x) = ê 1 + sin x for 0 £ x < p2
ê p
2
p
êë2 + x - 2 for 2
£x<+¥
Discuss the continuity & differentiability at x = 0 & x = p/2.
Q.5 Examine the origin for continuity & derrivability in the case of the function f defined by
f(x) = x tan-1(1/x) , x ¹ 0 and f(0) = 0.

-æç 1 + 1x ö÷
x
Q.7 Let f(x) = xe è ø ; x ¹ 0 , f(0) = 0, test the continuity & differentiability at x = 0
Q.8 If f(x)=½x - 1½. ( [x] - [-x]) , then find f ¢(1+) & f ¢(1-) where [x] denotes greatest integer function.
éa x 2 - b if x <1
Q.9 If f(x) = ê 1 is derivable at x = 1. Find the values of a & b.
êë - x if x ³1

é -1 , - 2 £ x £ 0
Q.10 Let f(x) be defined in the interval [-2, 2] such that f(x) = ê &
ë x -1 , 0<x£2
g(x) = f(½x½) + ½f(x)½. Test the differentiability of g(x) in (- 2, 2).
æ æ 2 [x ] ö ö
Q.11 Given f(x) = cos-1 ç sgn ç ÷ ÷ where sgn (.) denotes the signum function & [.] denotes the
è è 3x - [x] ø ø
greatest integer function. Discuss the continuity & differentiability of f (x) at x = ± 1.
Q.12 Examine for continuity & differentiability the points x = 1 & x = 2, the function f defined
éx [x ] , 0£x<2
by f(x) = ê where [x] = greatest integer less than or equal to x.
ë(x - 1) [x] , 2 £ x £ 3
æe x + x ö
-2
Q.13 f(x) = x .çç ÷ , x ¹ 0 & f(0) = -1 where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x.
÷
è x +x ø
Test the differentiability of f(x) at x = 0.
é 2 x - 3 [ x ] for x ³ 1
Q.14 Discuss the continuity & the derivability in [0 , 2] of f(x) = ê px
êësin 2 for x < 1
where [ ] denote greatest integer function .
Q.15 If f(x) = -1 + ½x - 1½, -1 £ x £ 3 ; g(x) = 2 - ½x + 1½, - 2 £ x £ 2 , then calculate
(fog) (x) & (gof) (x). Draw their graph. Discuss the continuity of (fog)(x) at x = -1 & the differentiability
of (gof) (x) at x = 1.

MEDIIT: Pushkar Enclave, Stadium Road, Bareilly Ph. 9639011515 -25-

Mathematics........ Calculus

Q.16 The function

éax( x - 1) + b when x < 1

ê
f ( x) = êx - 1 when 1 £ x £ 3
Find the values of the constants a, b, p, q so that
êpx 2 + qx + 2 when x > 3
ë
(i) f(x) is continuous for all x (ii) f ' (1) does not exist
(iii) f '(x) is continuous at x = 3

a 1/ x - a -1/ x
Q.17 Examine the function , f(x) = x. , x ¹ 0 (a > 0) and f(0) = 0 for continuity and existence of
a 1/ x + a -1/ x
the derivative at the origin.
Q.18 Discuss the continuity on 0 £ x £ 1 & differentiability at x = 0 for the function.
1 1
f(x) = x .sin .sin where x ¹ 0 , x ¹ 1/ rp & f(0) = f (1/ rp) = 0 ,
x x .sin 1x
r = 1, 2, 3,.........
é 1 - x , ( 0 £ x £ 1)
ê
Q.19 f(x) = ê x + 2 , (1< x < 2 ) Discuss the continuity & differentiability of y = f [f(x)] for 0 £ x £ 4.
êë 4 - x , ( 2 £ x £ 4 )

2 p
é x cos 2x if x ¹ 0
Q.20 Consider the function, f (x) = ê
êë 0 if x = 0
(a) Show that f ' (0) exists and find its value
æ1ö
(b) Show that f ' ç ÷ does not exist.
è3ø
(c) For what values of x, f ' (x) fails to exist.
Q.21 Discuss the continuity & the derivability of 'f' where f (x) = degree of (ux² + u² + 2u - 3) at x = Ö2.
Q.22 Let f (x) be a function defined on (–a, a) with a > 0. Assume that f (x) is continuous at x = 0 and
f ( x ) - f (kx )
Lim = a , where k Î (0, 1) then compute f ' (0+) and f ' (0–), and comment upon the
x ®0 x
differentiability of f at x = 0.
Q.23 A function f : R ® R satisfies the equation f(x + y) = f(x). f(y) for all x, y in R &
f(x) ¹ 0 for any x in R. Let the function be differentiable at x = 0 & f¢(0) = 2. Show that f¢(x) = 2f(x) for
all x in R. Hence determine f(x).
Q.24 Let f(x) be a real valued function not identically zero satisfies the equation,
f(x + yn) = f(x) + (f(y))n for all real x & y and f ¢ (0) ³ 0 where n (> 1) is an odd natural number. Find
f(10).
Q.25 A function f : R ® R where R is a set of real numbers satisfies the equation
x+y f (x ) + f (y ) + f (0 )
f( )= for all x ,y in R. If the function is differentiable at x = 0 then show that it is
3 3
differentiable for all x in R.

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Differentiability
Fill in the blanks :
f (3 + h 2 ) - f ((3 - h 2 )
Q.1 If f(x) is derivable at x = 3 & f ¢(3) = 2 , then Limit
h® 0 = _______.
2h 2

Q.2 If f(x) = ½sinx½ & g(x) = x3 then f[g(x)] is ______ & ______ at x = 0. (State continuity and derivability)

Q.3 Let f(x) be a function satisfying f(- x) = f(x) for all real x. If f ¢(0) exists, then its value is ______.
é x
, x¹0
Q.4 For the function f(x) = ê 1 + e1/ x , the derivative from the right, f¢(0+) = _____ & the derivative
ê0 , x=0
ë
from the left, f¢(0-) = _______.
Q.5 The number of points at which the function f(x) = max.{a - x, a + x, b}, - ¥ < x < ¥, 0 < a < b cannot
be differentiable is ______.

Select the correct alternative : (only one is correct)

x
Q.6 Let f(x) = for x ¹ 0 & f(0) = 1 then ,
sin x
(A) f(x) is conti. & diff. at x = 0 (B) f(x) is continuous & not derivable at x = 0
(C) f(x) is discont. & not diff. at x = 0 (D) none

é æ æ [ x ] +2[ - x ] ö - 5 ö
ê ç ççè x ÷÷ø ÷
êlog a [x] + [- x] x ça ÷ for x ¹ 0 ; a > 1
Q.7 Given f(x) = êê
a ç 1 ÷ where [ ] represents the
ç 3+ax ÷
ê è ø
êë 0 for x = 0

integral part function, then :

(A) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(B) f is cont. & diff. at x = 0
(C) the differentiability of 'f' at x = 0 depends on the value of a
(D) f is cont. & diff. at x = 0 and for a = e only.
Q.8 For what triplets of real numbers (a, b, c) with a ¹ 0 the function
éx x £1
f(x) = ê 2 is differentiable for all real x ?
ëax + bx + c otherwise
(A) {(a, 1-2a, a) ç a e R, a ¹ 0 } (B) {(a, 1-2a, c) ç a, c e R, a ¹ 0 }
(C) {(a, b, c) ç a, b, c e R, a + b + c = 1 } (D) {(a, 1-2a, 0) ç a e R, a ¹ 0}
Q.9 A function f defined as f(x) = x[x] for - 1 £ x £ 3 where [x] defines the greatest integer £ x is :
(A) conti. at all points in the domain of f but non-derivable at a finite number of points
(B) discontinuous at all points & hence non-derivable at all points in the domain of f
(C) discont. at a finite number of points but not derivable at all points in the domain of f
(D) discont. & also non-derivable at a finite number of points of f.

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Q.10 [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If f(x) = [x] [sin px] in (-1,1) then f(x) is :
(A) cont. at x = 0 (B) cont. in (-1, 0)
(C) differentiable in (-1,1) (D) none
Q.11 A function f(x) = x [1 + (1/3) sin (lnx²)], x ¹ 0.[ ] = integral part f(0) = 0. Then the function :
(A) is cont. at x = 0 (B) is monotonic
(C) is derivable at x = 0 (D) can not be defined for x < -1
é -x if x<0
ê x2 if 0 £ x £ 1 then f(x) is :
Q.12 The function f(x) is defined as follows f(x) = ê
3
êëx - x + 1 if x >1
(A) derivable & cont. at x = 0 (B) derivable at x = 1 but not cont. at x = 1
(C) neither derivable nor cont. at x = 1 (D) not derivable at x = 0 but cont. at x = 1
éx + {x} + x sin{x} for x ¹ 0
Q.13 If f(x) = ê where {x} denotes the fractional part function, then :
ë0 for x = 0
(A) 'f' is cont. & diff. at x = 0 (B) 'f' is cont. but not diff. at x = 0
(C) 'f' is cont. & diff. at x = 2 (D) none of these
x
Q.14 The set of all points where the function f(x) = is differentiable is :
1+ x
(A) (- ¥ , ¥) (B) [ 0, ¥ ) (C) (- ¥, 0) È (0, ¥) (D) (0, ¥) (E) none

Select the correct alternative : (More than one are correct)

Q.15 If f(x) = ½2x+1½ + ½x - 2½ then f(x) is :
(A) cont. at all the points (B) conti. at x = 2 but not differentiable at x = - 1/2
(C) discontinuous at x = - 1/2 & x = 2 (D) not derivable at x = - 1/2 & x = 2
Q.16 f(x) = ½[x]x½ in - 1 £ x £ 2 , where [x] is greatest integer £ x then f(x) is :
(A) cont. at x = 0 (B) discont. x = 0 (C) not diff. at x = 2 (D) diff. at x = 2
Q.17 f(x) =1 + x.[cosx] in 0 < x £ p/2 , where [ ] denotes greatest integer function then ,
(A) It is continuous in 0 < x < p/2 (B) It is differentiable in 0 < x < p/2
(C) Its maximum value is 2 (D) It is not differentiable in 0 < x< p/2
-1
Q.18 f(x) = (Sin x)². Cos (1/x) if x ¹ 0 ; f(0) = 0 , f(x) is :
(A) cont. no where in -1 £ x £ 1 (B) cont. every where in -1 £ x £ 1
(C) differentiable no where in -1 £ x £ 1 (D) differentiable everywhere in -1 < x < 1
æ p öp
Q.19 f(x) = ½x½ + ½sinx½ in çè - 2 , 2 ÷ø . It is :
(A) Conti. no where (B) Conti. every where
(C) Differentiable no where (D) Differentiable everywhere except at x = 0
Q.20 If f(x) = 3(2x+3)2/3 + 2x+3 then ,
(A) f(x) is cont. but not diff. at x = - 3/2 (B) f(x) is diff. at x = 0
(C) f(x) is cont. at x = 0 (D) f(x) is diff. but not cont. at x = - 3/2
Q.21 If f(x) = 2 + ½sin-1 x½, it is :
(A) continuous no where (B) continuous everywhere in its domain
(C) differentiable no where in its domain (D) Not differentiable at x = 0
Q.22 If f(x) = x². sin (1/x) , x ¹ 0 and f(0) = 0 then ,
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (B) f(x) is derivable at x = 0
(C) f¢(x) is continuous at x = 0 (D) f¢¢(x) is not derivable at x = 0

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Q.23 A function which is continuous & not differentiable at x = 0 is :

(A) f(x) = x for x < 0 & f(x) = x² for x ³ 0 (B) g(x) = x for x < 0 & g(x) = 2x for x ³ 0
(C) h(x) = x½x½ x Î R (D) K(x) = 1+½x½, x Î R
Q.24 If Sin-1x + ½y½ = 2y then y as a function of x is :
(A) defined for -1 £ x £ 1 (B) continuous at x = 0
dy 1
(C) differentiable for all x (D) such that = for –1 < x < 0
dx 3 1 - x 2

éMin f (t ) / 0 £ t £ x for 0 £ x £ p2
Q.25 Let f(x) = Cosx & H(x) = ê p p
, then
ë -x
2
for 2
<x£3
(A) H (x) is cont. & deri. in [0, 3] (B) H(x) is cont. but not deri. at x = p/2
(C) H(x) is neither cont. nor deri. at x = p/2 (D) Max. value of H(x) in [0,3] is 1

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Mathematics........ Calculus

ANSWER KEYS

Limits EXERCISE-2

Limits EXERCISE-3
45 p-q 2 1
Q 1. 3 Q 2. Q 3. 2 Q 4. Q 5. Q.6 –
91 2 3 3
Q 7. (a) p/2 if a > 0 ; 0 if a = 0 and –p/2 if a < 0 (b) f(x) = | x |
1 1 2
Q 8. 5050 Q 9. a = ;r= ;S= Q 10. l n 2 Q 11. does not exist Q 12. 2 Q 13. 1
2 4 3
3 1 21n2 9 4
Q 14. Q 15. Q 16. Q 17. a = 2 ; limit = 1 Q 18. - 1n Q 19. does not exist
2 16 2 p 4 e
Q 20. 9 Q 21. cos²a lnCosa + Sin²a lnSina Q 22. 8 2(1n3) 2 Q 23. – 3, –3, – 3 Q 24. -2

Continuity EXERCISE–I
Q1. f(0+) = –2 ; f(0–) = 2 hence f(0) not possible to define Q 2. (a) -2, 2, 3 (b) K = 5 (c) even
Q 3. yn(x) is continuous at x = 0 for all n and y(x) is dicontinuous at x = 0
Q 4. f is cont. in -1 £ x £ 1 Q 5. P not possible. Q 6. (a) 4 – 3 2 + a , (b) a = 3
Q 7. g(x) = 2 + x for 0 £ x £ 1, 2 - x for 1 < x £ 2, 4 - x for 2 < x £ 3 , g is discont at x = 1 & x = 2
Q 8. A = 1 ; f(2) = 1/2 Q 9. a = 0 ; b = -1
Q.11 f f (x) is continuous and domain of f f (x) is [– 4, 6 ]
Q 12. gof is dis-cont. at x = 0, 1 & -1 Q 13. a = 1/2, b = 4 Q14. a = - 3/2, b ¹ 0, c = 1/2
Q 15. A = - 4 , B = 5, f(0) = 1 Q 16. discont at x = 1, 4 & 5 Q 17. discont. at all integral
values in [- 2, 2] Q 18. locus (a, b) ® x, y is y = x – 3 excluding the points where y = 3 intersects it.

1 él n (tan x) if 0 < x < p

Q 20. 5 Q22. Q 25. k = 0 ; g(x) = ê 4
60 0 if p £ x < p . so g (x) is continuous everywhere.
êë 4 2
2
39 1 ln2
Q 26. g (x) = 4 (x + 1) and limit = – Q 28. a = , g(0) =
4 2 8
p p
Q 29. f(0+) = ; f(0-) = Þ f is discont. at x = 0 ;
2 4 2
g(0+) = g(0-) = g(0) = p/2 Þ g is cont. at x = 0
Q 30. the function f is continuous everywhere in [0 , 2] except for x = 0 , 1 , 1 & 2.
2

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Mathematics........ Calculus

Continuity EXERCISE–II
Q 1. (a) false; (b) false ; (c) false ; (d) false ; (e) false ; (f) true ; (g) false ; (h) true
p p
Q 2. (a) c = ±1 ; (b). x ± 1, - 1 & x = 0 ; (c). 1 ; (d). a = , b=- (e). 1/2
6 12
Q 3. (a) D (b). B, C (c). C, D (d). B (e). C (f). A (g). B (h) A (i) D (j) A (k) C

Differentiability EXERCISE–I
Q 1. f(x) is conti. but not derivable at x = 0 Q 2. conti. " x Î R, not diff. at x = 0,1 & 2
Q 4. conti. but not diff.at x = 0 ; diff. & conti. at x = p/2 Q 5. conti. but not diff. at x = 0
Q 7. f is cont. but not diff. at x = 0 Q 8. f¢(1+) = 3 , f¢(1-) = -1 Q 9. a= 1/2 , b = 3/2
Q 10. not derivable at x = 0 & x = 1 Q 11. f is cont. & derivable at x = -1 but f is neither cont. nor derivable
at x = 1 Q 12. discontinuous & not derivable at x = 1, continuous but not derivable at x = 2
Q 13. not derivable at x = 0 Q 14. f is conti. at x = 1 ,3/2 & disconti. at x = 2, f is not diff. at x =1, 3/2 , 2
Q15. (fog)(x) = x+1 for - 2 £ x £ - 1, - (x + 1) for - 1 < x £ 0 & x - 1 for 0 < x £ 2.
(fog)(x) is cont. at x = -1, (gof)(x) = x+1 for -1 £ x £ 1 & 3 - x for 1 < x £ 3.
(gof)(x) is not differentiable at x = 1
1
Q 16. a ¹ 1, b = 0, p = and q = - 1
3
Q 17. If a Î (0, 1) f ¢ (0+) = - 1 ; f ¢ (0-) = 1 Þ continuous but not derivable
a = 1 ; f (x) = 0 which is constant Þ continuous and derivable
If a > 1 f ¢ (0-) = - 1 ; f ¢ (0+) = 1 Þ continuous but not derivable
conti. in 0 £ x £ 1 & not diff. at x = 0 Q.19 f is conti. but not diff. at x = 1, disconti. at x = 2 & x = 3.
æ 1- ö p æ 1+ ö p
cont.& diff.at all other points Q.20 (a) f ' (0) = 0, (b) f ' çç ÷÷ = – and f ' ç ÷= ,
ç3÷ 2
è3ø 2 è ø
1 a
(c) x = nÎI Q.21 continuous but not derivable at x = 2 Q.22 f ' (0) =
2n + 1 1- k
Q.23 f(x) = e2x Q.24 f(x) = x Þ f(10) = 10
Differentiability EXERCISE–II
Q.1 2 Q.2 conti. & diff. Q.3 0 Q.4 f ¢(0+) = 0 , f ¢(0-) = 1
Q.5 2 Q.6 C Q.7 B Q.8 A
Q.9 D Q.10 B Q.11 A Q.12 D
Q.13 D Q.14 A Q.15 A, B, D Q.16 A, C
Q.17 A, B Q.18 B, D Q.19 B, D Q.20 A, B, C
Q.21 B, D Q.22 A, B , D Q.23 A, B, D Q.24 A, B, D
Q.25 A, D

Differentiability EXERCISE–III
Q.1 f(x) is conti. & diff. at x = 1 ; f(x) is not conti. & not diff. at x = 2 Q.2 A, C, D
Q.3 conti. but not derivable at x = 1, neither cont. nor deri. at x = -1 Q.4 D
Q.5 C Q.6 Discont. hence not deri. at x = 1 & - 1. Cont. & deri. at x = 0
Q.7 (a) D, (b) A, (c) D Q.9 D Q.10 C Q.11 a = 1; b = 0(gof)'(0) = 0
Q.12 f ¢(a–) = 0 Q.13 (a) A, (b) B, (c) y – 2 = 0 Q.14 A, C
Q.15.A Q.16. A-pqr B-ps C-rs D-pq Q.17. (i) B (ii) A (iii) A
Q.18.C Q.19.BC Q.20.ABCD Q.21.AB Q.22. D 23.BD 24.BC 25.D 26.A
27.AD Q.28 ACD Q.29. A Q.30. D Q.31. BCD Q.32. 0.4 Q.33. D

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