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SECTION DESCRIPTION

1 INTRODUCTION

2 WELDING INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

3 DOT PART 192, TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GASES

4 DOT PART 195, TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE

5 FILM INTERPRETATION PROCEDURE

6 AP15L, SPECIFICATION FOR LINE PIPE

7 AWS A5.5, SPECIFICATION FOR LOW ALLOY WELDING ELECTRODES

8 WELD DEFECTS AND DESCRIPTION

9 VISUAL INSPECTION SPECIFICATION

10 WELDING PROCEDURES

11 WELDER QUALIFICATION

12 ELEMENTS OF INSPECTION

A. WELDING PROCESSES

a. PIPE CONDITION

C. JOINT DESIGN

D. PREHEAT

E. ELECTRODES

F. WELD PASSES

G. ARC BURNS

H. WELD REPAIRS

I. WELD TOUGHNESS

J. WELD HARDNESS
 K. MAGNETISM

L. WELD PARAMETERS

13 INSPECTION EQUIPMENT

14 AB BREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

National Welding Inspection School Welding Inspector Requirements

Welding Inspector Requirements and Duties

-
The welding inspector's function is to represent his company or the owner in
overseeing the quality of welding. It is his/her responsibility to judge the quality
of the welding in relation to codes, standards and company specifications.
Although he must strive for the highest quality, he must not delay completion and
delivery of the pipeline or piping system without proper cause. The following
requirements are essential for an inspector to perform his work properly.

PHYSICAL CONDITION

The welding Inspector must be able to walk and climb, in and around structures
and pipe, to inspect welding in sometimes difficult areas and terrain. The
inspector needs to be able to go down into bell-holes on tie-ins and inspect all
welding regardless of the location.

Inspecting the Cap Pass

National Welding lnsDection School Welding Inspector Requirements

VISION

The welding inspector's vision is vital to assure that proper inspection is

accomplished. Glasses, if necessary, must be used during the inspection process.
Proper visual inspection can find defects which could be repaired thereby saving
unnecessary rej.ects and additional radiographic work. An annual eye
examination is recommended and usually a part of a company requirement for
welding inspectors.

Visual Inspection

ATTITUDE

The welding inspector's attitude determines his success or failure. For success, he
is dependent upon the cooperation of field and office personnel and he must
have their respect in order to obtain it. His attitude plays and important part in
gaining their respect. A welding inspector can neither be stubborn nor swayed by
persuasive arguments and, under no circumstances, can he be influenced by gifts
or money to incur obligations through his decisions.

WELDING EXPERIENCE

Actual welding experience is the most desirable characteristic of a welding

inspector. It broadens his welding knowledge, and gives his opinion more
authority if he is requested to offer constructive criticism when rejecting poor
quality welding.
National Welding lnsoection School Welding Inspector Reauirements

EDUCATloN AND TRAINING

The welding inspector with formal training in welding and metallurgy is fortunate;
however, many good inspectors lack this formality but have gained the required
knowledge from their welding experience and learning and studying the industry
codes and standards. The more the inspector knows about the welding
processes, the company specifications and the industry codes and regulations, the
better he will be in his area of responsibility.

Staying Current on Codes and Standards

INSPECTION EXPERIENCE

The attitude and point of view of a good welding inspector is acquired only
through inspection experience. When learning proper welding inspection, it is a
requirement that a new inspector work with an experienced inspector to learn
proper techniques, how to inspect and what to look for and how to complete the
required forms and paperwork.
National Welding lnsDection School Welding lnsDector Requirements

On the Job

The welding inspector must be able to verify the welding is being done in
accordance with the construction specifications and the welding procedures.
Knowledge of the specifications prior to arriving on the I.ob site is important to his
ability to respond quickly if the work or procedures are not being followed. The
inspector must have with him the proper inspection equipme`nt to check and
monitor the welding parameters listed in the welding procedure.

DUTIES OF A WELDING INSPECTOR

The duties of a welding inspector will, for most pipe welding activities, include are
not limited to, work in the following general headings.

1) Interpretation of the Contract Welding Specifications

2) Inspection of Pipe Condition and Dimensional Tolerances
3) Qualification of Welders and Completing Reports
4) Qualify Welding Procedures on all Pipe Sizes and Grades
5) Verifying the Welding Procedures are followed in the Field
6) Inspection of the Welds from the Root Pass through the Cap Pass
7) Review of the Radiographic Reports
8) Prepare the Weld Inspection Reports on a daily basis

To prepare for assignments in any or all of these activities, the welding inspector
must be thoroughly familiar with the applicable codes and standards, the
inspection equipment necessary to perform these tasks and have experience in
these areas.
The welding inspectormus[ be willing to acknowledge any lack of understanding
on his part to his supervisors so that appropriate training can be done in those
areas prior to undertaking any specific assignment.

Conducting the Procedure

Code of Federal Regulations
Part 192
 PART 192 -TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL
AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE= MINIMUM
FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS
Subpart E -Welding of Steel in Pipelines

§192.221 Scope

(a) This subparf prescribes minimum requirements for welding steel materials in pipe-
lines.

(b) This subpart does not apply to welding that occurs during the manufacture of steel
pipe or steel pipeline components. [Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970]

§192.223 [Removed]

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-52, 51 FR 20294, June 4,1986]

§192.225 Welding procedures

(a) Welding must be performed by a qualified welder in accordance with welding proce-
dures qualified under section 5, section 12, Appendix A or Appendix 8 of API Std 1104
(incorporated by reference, see § 192.7) or section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code (BPVC) (incorporated by reference, see § 192.7), to produce welds which meet the
requirements of this subpart. The quality of the test welds used to qualify welding procedures
shall be determined by destructive testing in accordance with the applicable welding
standard(s).

(b) Each welding procedure must be recorded in detail, including the results of the qua-
Iifying tests. This record must be retained and followed whenever the procedure is used.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-18,40 FR 10181, Mar. 5,1975;

Arndt.192-22,41 FR 13590, Mar. 31,1976; Arndt.192-37,46 FR 10157, Feb. 2,1981; Arndt.
192-52,51 FR 20297, June 4,1986; Arndt.192-94,69 FR 32886, June 14,2004; Arndt.192-103,
71 FR 33402, June 8, 2006]

§192.227 Qualification of welders

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each welder must be qualified in
accordance with section 6, section 12, Appendix A or Appendix a of API Std 1104 (incorporated
by reference, see § 192.7) or section lx of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
(incorporated by reference, see §192.7). However, a welder qualified under an earlier edition
than listed in §192.7 of this part may weld but may not requalify under that earlier edition.
 (b) A welder may qualify to perform welding on pipe to be operated at a pressure that
produces a hoop stress of less than 20 percent of SMYS by performing an acceptable test weld,
for the process to be used, under the test set forth in section I of Appendix C of this part. A
welder who is to make a welded service line connection to a main must also first perform an
acceptable test weld under section 11 of Appendix C of this part as a requirement of the
qualifying test.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-18,40 FR 10181, Mar. 5,1975;

Arndt.192-18A, 40 FR 27222, June 27,1975; Arndt.192-22,41 FR 13590, Mar. 31,1976;
Arndt.192-37,46 FR 10157, Feb. 2,1981; Arndt.192-43,47 FR 46850, Oct. 21,1982; Arndt.
192-52, 51 FR 20294, June 4,1986; Arndt.192-75,61 FR 18512, Apr. 26,1996; Arndt.192-78,
61 FR 28770, June 6,1996; Arndt.192-94,69 FR 32886, June 14,2004; Arndt.192-103, 71 FR
33402, June 8, 2006; Arndt.192-103c, 72 FR 4655, Feb.1,2007]

§192.229 Limitations on welders

(a) No welder whose qualification is based on nondestructive testing may weld compres-
sor station pipe and components.

(b) No welder may weld with a particular welding process unless, within the preceding 6
calendar months, he has engaged in welding with that process.

(c) A welder qualified under §192.227(a}

(1 ) May not weld on pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of 20
percent or more of SMYS unless within the preceding 6 calendar months the welder has had
one weld tested and found acceptable under the sections 6 or 9 of API Standard 1104
(incorporated by reference, see § 192.7). Alternatively, welders may maintain an ongoing qu-
alification status by performing welds tested and found acceptable under the above acceptance
criteria at least twice each calendar year, but at intervals not exceeding 7t/2 months. A welder
qualified under an earlier edition of a standard listed in §192.7 of this part may weld but may not
requalify under that earlier edition; and

(2) May not weld on pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of
less than 20 percent of SMYS unless the welder is tested in accordance with paragraph (c)(1 ) of
this section or requalifies under paragraph (d)(1 ) or (d)(2) of this section.

(d) A welder qualified under §192.227(b) may not weld unless-

(1 ) Within the preceding 15 calendar months, but at least once each calendar year, the
welder has requalified under §192.227(b); or

(2) Within the preceding 71/2 calendar months, but a{ least twice each calendar year, the
welder has had-

(i) A production weld cut out, tested, and found acceptable in accordance with the quali-
fying test; or
 (ii) For welders who work only on service lines 2 inches (51 millimeters) or smaller in
diameter, two sample welds tested and found acceptable in accordance with the test in section
Ill of Appendix C of this part.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-18,40 FR 10181, Mar. 5,1975;

Arndt.192-18A, 40 FR 27222, June 27,1975; Arndt.192-37,46 FR 10157, Feb. 2,1981 ; Arndt.
192-78, 61 FR 28770, June 6,1996; Arndt.192-85,63 FR 37500, July 13,1998; Arndt.192-
94,69 FR 32886, June 14,2004; Arndt.192-103, 71 FR 33402, June 8, 2006]

§192.231 Protection from weather

The welding operation must be protected from weather conditions that would impair the
quality of the completed weld.

§192.233 Miter joints

(a) A miter joint on steel pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress
of 30 percent or more of SMYS may not deflect the pipe more than 3°.

(b) A miter joint on steel pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress
of less than 30 percent, but more than 10 percent of SMYS may not deflect the pipe more than
121/2° and must be a distance equal to one pipe diameter or more away from any other miter
joint, as measured from the crotch of each joint.

(c) A miter joint on steel pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of
10 percent or less of SMYS may not deflect the pipe more than goo.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970]

§192.235 Preparation for welding

Before beginning any welding, the welding surfaces must be clean and free of any
material that may be detrimental to the weld and the pipe or component must be aligned to
provide the most favorable condition for depositing the root bead. This alignment must be
preserved while the root bead is being deposited.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970]

§192.237 [Removed]

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-37, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2,1981;

Arndt.192-52, 51 FR 20294, June 4,1986]

§192.239 [Removed]

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-37, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2,1981 ;

Arndt.192-52, 51 FR 20294, June 4,1986]
§192.241 Inspection and test of welds

(a) Visual inspection of welding must be conducted by an individual qualified by appro-

priate training and experience to ensure that:

(1 ) The welding is performed in accordance with the welding procedure; and

(2) The weld is acceptable under paragraph (c) of this section.

(b) The welds on a pipeline to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of
20 percent or more of SMYS must be nondestructively tested in accordance with § 192.243, ex-
cept that welds that are visually inspected and approved by a qualified welding inspector need
not be nondestructively tested if:

(1 ) The pipe has a nominal diameter of less than 6 inches (152 millimeters); or

(2) The pipeline is to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of less than
40 percent of SMYS and the welds are so limited in number that nondestructive testing is im-
practical.

(c) The acceptability of a weld that is nondestructively tested or visually inspected is de-
termined according to the standards in Section 9 of API Standard 1104 (incorporated by refer-
ence, see § 192.7). However, if a girth weld is unacceptable under those standards for a reason
other than a crack, and if Appendix A to Apl 1104 applies to the weld, the acceptability of the
weld may be further determined under that appendix.

[Parf 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-18,40 FR 10181, Mar. 5,1975;

Arndt.192-18A, 40 FR 27222, June 27,1975; Arndt.192-37,46 FR 10157, Feb. 2,1981; Arndt.
192-78,61 FR28770, June 6,1996; Arndt.192-85,63 FR 37500, July 13,1998; Arndt.192-94,69
FR 32886, June 14,2004; Arndt.192-103, 71 FR 33402, June 8, 2006]

§192.243 Nondestructive testing

(a) Nondestructive testing of welds must be performed by any process, other than
trepanning, that will clearly indicate defects that may affect the integrity of the weld.

(b) Nondestructive testing of welds must be performed:

(1 ) ln accordance with written procedures; and

(2) By persons who have been trained and qualified in the established procedures and
with the equipment employed in testing.

(c) Procedures must be established for the proper interpretation of each nondestructive
test of a weld to ensure the acceptability of the weld under § 192.241 (c).
 (d) When nondestructive testing is required under § 192.241 (b), the following
percentages of each day's field butt welds, selected at random by the operator, must be
nondestructively tested over their entire circumference;

(1 ) ln Class 1 locations, except offshore, at least 10 percent.

(2) ln Class 2 locations, at least 15 percent.

(3) ln Class 3 and class 4 locations, at crossings of major or navigable rivers, offshore,
and within railroad or public highway rights-of-way, including tunnels, bridges, and overhead
road crossings,100 percent unless impracticable, in which case at least 90 percent.
Nondestructive testing must be impracticable for each girth weld not tested.

(4) At pipeline tie-ins, including tie-ins of replacement sections,100 percent.

(e) Except for a welder whose work is isolated from the principal welding activity, a
sample of each welder's work for each day must be nondestructively tested, when nonde-
structive testing is required under § 192.241 (b).

(f) When nondestructive testing is required under § 192.241 (b), each operator must
retain, for the life of the pipeline, a record showing by milepost, engineering station, or by
geographic feature, the number of girth welds made, the number nondestructively tested, the
number rejected, and the disposition of the rejects.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-27, 41 FR 34598, Aug.16,1976;

192.245 Repair or removal of defects

(a) Each weld that is unacceptable under §192.241 (c) must be removed or repaired. Ex-
cept for welds on an offshore pipeline being installed from a pipeline vessel, a weld must be
removed if it has a crack that is more than 8 percent of the weld length.

(b) Each weld that is repaired must have the defect removed down to sound metal and
the segment to be repaired must be preheated if conditions exist which would adversely affect
the quality of the weld repair. After repair, the segment of the weld that was repaired must be
inspected to ensure its acceptability.

(c) Repair of a crack, or of any defect in a previously repaired area must be in

accordance with written weld repair procedures that have been qualified under §192.225.
Repair procedures must provide that the minimum mechanical properties specified for the
welding procedure used to make the original weld are met upon completion of the final weld
repair.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-27, 41 FR 34598, Aug.16,1976;

Arndt.192-46, 48 FR 48669, Oct. 20,1983]
Subpart G -General Construction Requirements for Transmission
Lines and Mains.

§192.301 Scope

This subpart prescribes minimum requirements for constructing transmission lines and
mains.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970]

§192.303 Compliance with specifications or standards

Each transmission line or main must be constructed in accordance with comprehensive
written specifications or standards that are consistent with this part.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970]

§192.305 Inspection: General

Each transmission line or main must be inspected to ensure that it is constructed in ac-
cordance with this part.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970]

§192.307 Inspection of materials

Each length of pipe and each other component must be visually inspected at the site of
installation to ensure that it has not sustained any visually determinable damage that could
impair its serviceability.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970]

§192.309 Repair of steel pipe

(a) Each imperfection or damage that impairs the serviceability of a length of steel pipe
must be repaired or removed. If a repair is made by grinding, the remaining wall thickness must
at least be equal to either:

(1 ) The minimum thickness required by the tolerances in the specification to which the
pipe was manufactured; or

(2) The nominal wall thickness required for the design pressure of the pipeline.

(b) Each of the following dents must be removed from steel pipe to be operated at a
pressure that produces a hoop stress of 20 percent, or more, of SMYS, unless the dent is re-
paired by a method that reliable engineering tests and analyses show can permanently restore
the serviceability of the pipe:
 (1 ) A dent that contains a stress concentrator such as a scratch, gouge, groove, or arc
burn.

(2) A dent that affects the longitudinal weld or a circumferential weld.

(3) ln pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of 40 percent or

more of SMYS, a dent that has a depth of:

(i) More than 1/4 inch (6.4 millimeters) in pipe 12% inches (324 millimeters) or less in
outer diameter; or

(ii) More than 2 percent of the nominal pipe diameter in pipe over 12% inches (324
millimeters) in outer diameter.

For the purposes of this section, a "dent" is a depression that produces a gross disturbance in
the curvature of the pipe wall without reducing the pipe-wall thickness. The depth of a dent is
measured as the gap between the lowest point of the dent and a prolongation of the original
contour of the pipe.

(c) Each arc burn on steel pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress
of 40 percent or more, of SMYS must be repaired or removed. If a repair is made by grinding,
the arc burn must be completely removed and the remaining wall thickness must be at least
equal to either:

(1 ) The minimum wall thickness required by the tolerances in the specification to which
the pipe was manufactured; or

(2) The nominal wall thickness required for the design pressure of the pipeline.

(d) A gouge, groove, arc burn, or dent may not be repaired by insert patching or by
pounding out.

(e) Each gouge, groove, arc burn, or dent that is removed from a length of pipe must be
removed by cutting out the damaged portion as a cylinder.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-3, 35 FR 17660, Nov.17,1970;

Arndt.192-85, 63 FR 37500, July 13,1998; Arndt.192-88, 64 FR 69660, Dec.14,1999]

§192.311 Repair of plastic pipe

Each imperfection or damage that would impair the serviceability of plastic pipe must be
repaired or removed.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-93, 68 FR 53895, Sept.15, 2003]

§192.313 Bends and elbows

(a) Each field bend in steel pipe, other than a wrinkle bend made in accordance with
§192.315, must comply with the following:
 (1 ) A bend must not impair the serviceability of the pipe.

(2) Each bend must have a smooth contour and be free from buckling, cracks, or any
other mechanical damage.

(3) On pipe containing a longitudinal weld, the longitudinal weld must be as near as
practicable to the neutral axis of the bend unless:

(i) The bend is made with an internal bending mandrel; or

(ii) The pipe is 12 inches (305 millimeters) or less in outside diameter or has a diameter
to wall thickness ratio less than 70.

(b) Each circumferential weld of steel pipe which is located where the stress during
bending causes a permanent deformation in the pipe must be nondestructively tested either
before or after the bending process.

(c) Wrought-steel welding elbows and transverse segments of these elbows may not be
used for changes in direction on steel pipe that is 2 inches (51 millimeters) or more in diameter
unless the arc length, as measured along the crotch, is at least 1 inch (25 millimeters).

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-26,41 FR 26106, June 24,1976;

Arndt.192-29,42 FR 42865, Aug. 25,1977; Arndt.192-29C, 42 FR 60148, Nov. 25,1977;
Arndt.192-49,50 FR 13225, Apr. 3,1985; Arndt.192-85,63 FR 37500, July 13,1998]

§192.315 Wrinkle bends in steel pipe

(a) A wrinkle bend may not be made on steel pipe to be operated at a pressure that pro-
duces a hoop stress of 30 percent or more, of SMYS.

(b) Each wrinkle bend on steel pipe must comply with the following:

(1 ) The bend must not have any sharp kinks.

(2) When measured along the crotch of the bend, the wrinkles must be a distance of at
least one pipe diameter.

(3) On pipe 16 inches (406 millimeters) or larger in diameter, the bend may not have a
deflection of more than lt/2° for each wrinkle.

(4) On pipe containing a longitudinal weld the longitudinal seam must be as near as
practicable to the neutral axis of the bend.

[Part 192 -Org., Aug.19,1970, as amended by Arndt.192-85, 63 FR 37500, July 13,1998]

 This is the last page we cover in class

There are more pages to DOT 192 that we encourage you

to read, you may download a free copy at

www.phmsa.dot.gov
Code of Federal Regulations
Part 195
 Title 49 DOT

Code of Federal Regulations 195

Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline
Minimum Federal Safety Standards

This material is current at 1:ime of publication

You can download a free copy from

www.phmsa.dot.gov

Cover Page Only

Subpart D -Construction

§195.200 Scope

This subpart prescribes minimum requirements for constructing new pipeline systems
with steel pipe, and for relocating, replacing, or othervise changing existing pipeline systems
that are constructed with steel pipe. However, this subpart does not apply to the movement of
pipe covered by §195.424.

[Parf 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Amdt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981]

§195.202 Compliance with specifications or standards.

Each pipeline system must be constructed in accordance with comprehensive written

specifications or standards that are consistent with the requirements of this part.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Amdt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981]

§195.204 Inspection -General.

Inspection must be provided to ensure the installation of pipe or pipeline systems in

accordance with the requirements of this subpart. Any operator personnel used to perform the
inspection must be trained and qualified in the phase of construction to be inspected. An
operator must not use operator personnel to perform a required inspection if the operator
personnel performed the construction task requiring inspection. Nothing in this section prohibits
the operator from inspecting construction tasks with operator personnel who are involved in
other construction tasks.

[Amdt.195-100, 80 FR 12780, Mar.11, 2015]

§195.205 Repair, alteration and reconstruction of aboveground breakout tanks

that have been in service.

(a) Aboveground breakout tanks that have been repaired, altered, or reconstructed and
returned to service must be capable of withstanding the internal pressure produced by the
hazardous liquid to be stored therein and any anticipated external loads.

(b) After October 2, 2000, compliance with paragraph (a) of this section requires the
following for the tanks specified:

(1 ) For tanks designed for approximately atmospheric pressure constructed of carbon

and low alloy steel, welded or riveted, and non-refrigerated and tanks built to API Standard 650
or its predecessor Standard 12C, repair, alteration, and reconstruction must be in accordance
with API Standard 653.

(2) For tanks built to API Specification 12F or API Standard 620, the repair, alteration,
and reconstruction must be in accordance with the design, welding, examination, and material
requirements of those respective standards.
 (3) For high pressure tanks built to API Standard 2510, repairs, alterations, and
reconstruction must be in accordance with API 510.

[Amdt.195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2,1999]

§195.206 Material inspection.

No pipe or other component may be installed in a pipeline system unless it has been
visually inspected at the site of installation to ensure that it is not damaged in a manner that
could impair its strength or reduce its serviceability.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981]

§195.208 Welding of supports and braces.

Supports or braces may not be welded directly to pipe that will be operated at a pressure
of more than 100 p.s.i, (689 kpa) gage.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.
195-63,63 FR 37500, July 13,1998]

§195.210 Pipeline location.

(a) Pipeline right-of-way must be selected to avoid, as far as practicable, areas

containing private dwellings, industrial buildings, and places of public assembly.

(b) No pipeline may be located within 50 feet (15 meters) of any private dwelling, or any
industrial building or place of public assembly in which persons work, congregate, or assemble,
unless it is provided with at least 12 inches (305 millimeters) of cover in addition to that
prescribed in §195.248.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.
195-63,63 FR 37500, July 13,1998]

§195.212 Bending of pipe.

(a) Pipe must not have a wrinkle bend.

(b) Each field bend must comply with the following:

(1 ) A bend must not impair the serviceability of the pipe.

(2) Each bend must have a smooth contour and be free from buckling, cracks, or any
other mechanical damage.

(3) On pipe containing a longitudinal weld, the longitudinal weld must be as near as
practicable to the neutral axis of the bend unless-

(i) The bend is made with an internal bending mandrel; or

 (ii) The pipe is 12 in (324 mm) or less nominal outside diameter or has a diameter to wall
thickness ratio less than 70.

(c) Each circumferential weld which is located where the stress during bending causes a
permanent deformation in the pipe must be nondestructively tested either before or after the
bending process.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-10,41 FR 26106, Aug.16,1976; Arndt.
195-12,42 FR 42865, Aug. 25,1977; Arndt.195-12C, 42 FR 60148, Nov. 251977; Arndt.195-
22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981; Arndt.195-52,59 FR 33388, June 28,1994; Arndt.195-63,63
FR 37500, July 13,1998]

§195.214 Welding procedures.

(a) Welding must be performed by a qualified welder or welding operator in accordance

with welding procedures qualified under section 5, section 12, Appendix A or Appendix 8 of API
Std 1104 (incorporated by reference, see §195.3), or section IX of ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code (BPVC) (incorporated by reference, see §195.3). The quality of the test welds
used to qualify welding procedures must be determined by destructive testing.

(b) Each welding procedure must be recorded in detail, including the results of the
qualifying tests. This record must be retained and followed whenever the procedure is used.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.
195-38,51 FR 20294, June 4,1986; Arndt.195-81,69 FR 32886, June 14, 2004]

§195.216 Welding: Miter joints.

A miterjoint is not permitted (not including deflections up to 3° that are caused by

misalignment).

[Arndt.195-10,41 FR 26106, Aug.16,1976 as amended by Arndt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July

27,1981]

§195.222 Welders: Qualification of welders.

(a) Each welder must be qualified in accordance with Section 6, Section 12, Appedix A
or Appendix 8 of API Std 1104 (ibr, see §195.3) or Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, (ibr, see § 195.3) except that a welder qualified under an earlier edition than listed
in §195.3 may weld but may not re-qualify under that earlier edition.

(b) No welder may weld with a welding process unless, within the preceding 6 calendar
months, the welder has-

(1 ) Engaged in welding with that process; and

(2) Had one weld tested and found acceptable under section 9 of Apl 1104 (ibr, see
§195.3).
[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-8,40 FR 10181, Mar. 5,1975; Arndt.
195-8A, 40 FR 27222, June 27,1975; Arnd{.195-21,46 FR 10157, Feb. 2,1981 ; Arndt.195-
22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981; Arndt.195-32,49 FR 36859, Sept. 20,1984; Arndt.195-38,51
FR 20294, June 4,1986; Arndt.195-79,68 FR 53526, Sept.11,2003; Arndt.195-81,69 FR
32886, June 14,2004; Arndt.195-81A, 69 FR 54591, Sept. 9, 2004]

§195.224 Welding: Weather.

Welding must be protected from weather conditions that would impair the quality of the
completed weld.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981]

§195.226 Welding: Arc burns.

(a) Each arc burn must be repaired.

(b) An arc burn may be repaired by completely removing the notch by grinding, if the
grinding does not reduce the remaining wall thickness to less than the minimum thickness
required by the tolerances in the specification to which the pipe is manufactured. If a notch is
not repairable by grinding, a cylinder of the pipe containing the entire notch must be removed.

(c) A ground may not be welded to the pipe or fitting that is being welded.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981]

§195.228 Welds and welding inspection: Standards of acceptability.

(a) Each weld and welding must be inspected to ensure compliance with the
requirements of this subpart. Visual inspection must be supplemented by nondestructive testing.

(b) The acceptability of a weld is determined according to the standards in Section 9 of

Apl 1104. However, if a girth weld js unacceptable under those standards for a reason other
than a crack, and if Appendix A to API 1104 (ibr, see § 195.3) applies to the weld, the
acceptability of the weld may be determined under that appendix.

[Par{ 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt 195-8,40 FR 10181, Mar. 5,1975; Arndt
195-8A, 40 FR 27222, June 27,1975; Arndt 195-21,46 FR 10157, Feb. 2,1981 ; Arndt.195-
22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.195-52,59 FR 33388, June 28,1994; Arndt.195-81,69
FR 32886, June 14,2004]

§ 195.230 Welds: Repair or removal of defects.

(a) Each weld that is unacceptable under § 195.228 must be removed or repaired.
Except for welds on an offshore pipeline being installed from a pipe lay vessel, a weld must be
removed if it has a crack that is more than 8 percent of the weld length.

(b) Each weld that is repaired must have the defect removed down to sound metal and
the segment to be repaired must be preheated if conditions exist which would adversely affect
the quality of the weld repair. After repair, the segment of the weld that was repaired must be
inspected to ensure its acceptability.

(c) Repair of a crack, or of any defect in a previously repaired area must be in

accordance with written weld repair procedures that have been qualified under §195.214.
Repair procedures must provide that the minimum mechanical properties specified for the
welding procedure used to make the original weld are met upon completion of the final weld
repair.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug.12,1976;

Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.195-29, 48 FR 48669, Oct. 20,1983]

§195.234 Welds: Nondestructive testing.

(a) A weld may be nondestructively tested by a process that will clearly indicate any
defects that may affect the integrity of the weld.

(b) Any nondestructive testing of welds must be performed-

(1 ) ln accordance with a written set of procedures for nondestructive testing; and

(2) With personnel that have been trained in the established procedures and in the use
of the equipment employed in the testing.

(c) Procedures for the proper interpretation of each weld inspection must be established
to ensure the acceptability of the weld under §195.228.

(d) During construction, at least 10 percent of the girth welds made by each welder
during each welding day must be nondestructively tested over the entire circumference of the
weld.

(e) All girth welds installed each day in the following locations must be nondestructively
tested over their entire circumference, except that when nondestructive testing is impracticable
for a girth weld, it need not be tested if the number of girth welds for which testing is
impracticable does not exceed 10 percent of the girth welds installed that day:

(1 ) At any onshore location where a loss of hazardous liquid could reasonably be

expected to pollute any stream, river, lake, reservoir, or other body of water, and any offshore
area;

(2) Within railroad or public road rights-of-way;

(3) At overhead road crossings and within tunnels;

(4) Within the limits of any incorporated subdivision of a State government; and,

(5) Within populated areas, including, but not limited to, residential subdivisions,
shopping centers, schools, designated commercial areas, industrial facilities, public institutions,
and places of public assembly.
 (f) When installing used pipe,100 percent of the old girth welds must be nondestructively
tested.

(g) At pipeline tie-ins, including tie-ins of replacement sections, 100 percent of the girth
welds must be nondestructively tested.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-1,35 FR 5332, Mar. 31,1970; Arndt.
195-11,41 FR 34035, Aug.12,1976; Arndt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.195-
26,48 FR 9013, Mar. 3,1983; Arndt.195-35,50 FR 37191, Sep.12,1985; Arndt.195-52,59 FR
33388, June 28,1994]

§195.246 Installation of pipe in a ditch.

(a) All pipe installed in a ditch must be installed in a manner that minimized the
introduction of secondary stresses and the possibility of damage to the pipe.

(b) Except for pipe in the Gulf of Mexico and its inlets in waters less than 15 feet deep,
all offshore pipe in water at least 12 feet deep (3.7 meters) but not more than 200 feet deep ( 61
meters) as measured from the mean low water must be installed so that the top of the pipe is
below the underwater natural bottom (as determined by recognized and generally accepted
practices) unless the pipe is supported by stanchions held in place by anchors or heavy
concrete coating or protected by an equivalent means.

[Par{ 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug.12,1976;

Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28,1994; Arndt.
195-82, 69 FR 48400, Aug.10, 2004]
§195.248 Cover over buried pipeline.

(a) Unless specifically exempted in this subpart, all pipe must be buried so that it is
below the level of cultivation. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the pipe must
be installed so that the cover between the top of the pipe and the ground level, road bed, river
bottom, or underwater natural bottom (as determined by recognized and generally accepted
practices), as applicable, complies with the following table:

Cover (inches)
I Locatic'n (mil'im eters)
For norTnal For rock
excavation excavation '
Industrial, 36 (914) 30 (762)
commcTcial, and
residential areas
Crossings of. inland 48 ( 1219) I 8 (457)
bodies {}f water with
a wid(li ()f-at leas(
I 00 ft (30 in) from
high water mark to
high water mark
Drainage ditches at 36 (914) 36 (914)
public roads and
railroads
I)L`cpwatc.r r]Ort 48 ( 1219) 24 (610)
safL'ty.f.one
Gul f` of. Mex ico and 36 (914) 18 (457)
its inlets in waters
loss than ]5 feet (4.6
mt;tors) deep as
mcasui.cd from mean
low wal€r
Other offshore areas 36 (914) I 8J4fl
under wati`r less than
12 ft (3.7 meters)
deep as measured
from mean low water
Any otlier area 30 (762) 18 (457)

I Rock excavation is any excavation that requires

blasting or removal by equivalent means.

 (b) Except for the Gulf of Mexico and its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters)
deep, less cover than the minimum required by paragraph (a) of this section and §195.210 may
be used if-

(1) lt is impracticable to comply with the minimum cover requirements; and

(2) Additional protection is provided that is equivalent to the minimum required cover.

[Arndt.195-22,46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; 47 FR 32721, July 29,1982, as amended by Arndt.

195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28,1994; 59 FR 36256, July 15,1994; Arndt.195-63, 63 FR 37500,
July 13,1998; Arndt.195-82, 69 FR 48400, Aug.10, 2004]

§195.250 Clearance between pipe and underground structures.

Any pipe installed underground must have at least 12 inches (305 millimeters) of
clearance between the outside of the pipe and the extremity of any other underground structure,
except that for drainage tile the minimum clearance may be less than 12 inches (305
millimeters) but not less than 2 inches (51 millimeters). However, where 12 inches (305
millimeters) of clearance is impracticable, the clearance may be reduced if adequate provisions
are made for corrosion control.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.
195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13,1998]

§195.252 Backfilling.

When a ditch for a pipeline is backfilled, it must be backfilled in a manner that:

(a) Provides firm support under the pipe; and

(b) Prevents damage to the pipe and pipe coating from equipment or from the back fill
material.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.
195-79, 68 FR 53526, Sept.11, 2003)

§195.254 Aboveground components.

(a) Any component may be installed aboveground in the following situations, if the other
applicable requirements of this part are compiled with:

(1 ) Overhead crossings of highways, railroads, or a body of water.

(2) Spans over ditches and gullies.

(3) Scraper traps or block valves.

(4) Areas under the direct control of the operator.

 (5) ln any area inaccessible to the public. (b) Each component covered by this section
must be protected from the forces exerted by the anticipated loads.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981]

§195.256 Crossing of railroads and highways.

The pipe at each railroad or highway crossing must be installed so as to adequately

withstand the dynamic forces exerted by anticipated traffic loads.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981]

§195.258 Valves: General.

(a) Each valve must be installed in a location that is accessible to authorized employees
and that is protected from damage or tampering.

(b) Each submerged valve located offshore or in inland navigable waters must be
marked, or located by conventional survey techniques, to facilitate quick location when
operation of the valve is required.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug.12,1976;

Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981]

§195.260 Valves: Location.

A valve must be installed at each of the following locations:

(a) On the suction end and the discharge end of a pump station in a manner that permits
isolation of the pump station equipment in the event of an emergency.

(b) On each line entering or leaving a breakout storage tank area in a manner that
permits isolation of the tank area from other facilities.

(c) On each mainline at locations along the pipeline system that will minimize damage or
pollution from accidental hazardous liquid discharge, as appropriate for the terrain in open
country, for offshore areas, or for populated areas.

(d) On each lateral takeoff from a trunk line in a manner that permits shutting off the
lateral without interrupting the flow in the trunk line.

(e) On each side of a water crossing that is more than 100 feet (30 meters) wide from
high-water mark to high-water mark unless the Administrator finds in a particular case that
valves are not justified.

(f) On each side of a reservoir holding water for human consumption.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31,1973; Arndt.
195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug.12,1976; Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981; Arndt.195-
50, 59 FR 17275, Apr.12,1994; Arndt.195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13,1998]

§195.262 Pumping equipment.

(a) Adequate ventilation must be provided in pump station buildings to prevent the
accumulation of hazardous vapors. Warning devices must be installed to warn of the presence
of hazardous vapors in the pumping station building.

(b) The following must be provided in each pump station:

(1 ) Safety devices that prevent over pressuring of pumping equipment, including the
auxiliary pumping equipment within the pumping station.

(2) A device for the emergency shutdown of each pumping station.

(3) If power is necessary to actuate the safety devices, an auxiliary power supply.

(c) Each safety device must be tested under conditions approximating actual operations
and found to function properly before the pumping station may be used.

(d) Except for offshore pipelines, pumping equipment must be installed on property that
is under the control of the operator and at least 15.2 in (50 ft.) from the boundary of the pump
station.

(e) Adequate fire protection must be installed at each pump station. If the fire protection
system installed requires the use of pumps, motive power must be provided for those pumps
that are separate from the power that operates the station.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.
195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28,1994]

§195.264 lmpoundment, protection against entry, normal/emergency venting or

pressure/vacuum relief for aboveground breakout tanks.

(a) A means must be provided for containing hazardous liquids in the event of spillage or
failure of an aboveground breakout tank.

(b) After October 2, 2000, compliance with paragraph (a) of this section requires the
following for the aboveground breakout tanks specified:

(1 ) For tanks built to API Specification 12F, API Standard 620, and others (such as API
Standard 650 or its predecessor Standard 12C), the installation of impoundment must be in
accordance with the following sections of NFPA 30:

(i) lmpoundment around a breakout tank must be installed in accordance with Section
4.3.2.3.22-3.4.3; and
 (ii) lmpoundment by drainage to a remote impounding area must be installed in
accordance with Section 4.3.2.3.12-3.4.2.

-. (2) For tanks built to API Standard 2510, the installation of impoundment must be in
accordance with Section 23 or 119 of API Standard 2510 (incorporated bv reference, see

(c) Aboveground breakout tank areas must be adequately protected against

unauthorized entry.

(d) Normavemergency relief venting must be provided for each atmospheric pressure
breakout tank. Pressure/vacuum relieving devices must be provided for each low-pressure and
high-pressure breakout tank.

(e) For Normavemergency relief venting and pressure/vacuum-relieving devices installed

on aboveground breakout tanks after October 2, 2000, compliance with paragraph (d) of this
section requires the following for the tanks specified:

(1 ) Normal/emergency relief venting installed on atmospheric pressure tanks built to API

Specification 12F must be in accordance with Section 4, and Appendices 8 and C, of API
Specification 12F.

(2) Normal emergency relief venting installed on atmospheric pressure tanks (such as
those built to API Standard 650 or its predecessor Standard 12C) must be in accordance with
API Standard 2000.

(3) Pressure-relieving and emergency vacuum-relieving devices installed on low

pressure tanks built to API Standard 620 must be in accordance with Section 27 of API
Standard 620 (incorporated bv reference, see § 195.3) and its references to the normal and
emergency venting requirements in API Standard 2000 (incorporated bv reference, see §195.3).

(4) Pressure and vacuum-relieving devices installed on high pressure tanks built to API
Standard 2510 must be in accordance with Sections 15 or 119 of API Standard 2510
(incorporated bv reference, see §195.3).

[Par{ 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Amdt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ; Arndt.
195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2,1999; Arndt.195-86, 71 FR 33402, June 9, 20061

§195.266 Construction records.

A complete record that shows the following must be maintained by the operator involved
for the life of each pipeline facility:

(a) The total number of girth welds and the number nondestructively tested, including the
number rejected and the disposition of each rejected weld.

(b) The amount, location, and cover of each size of pipe installed.
 (c) The location of each crossing of another pipeline.

(d) The location of each buried utility crossing.

(e) The location of each overhead crossing.

(f) The location of each valve and corrosion test station.

[Part 195 -Org., Oct. 4,1969 as amended by Arndt.195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27,1981 ;
Arndt.195-34, 50 FR 34470, Aug. 26,1985]

This is the last page we cover in class

There are more pages of the DOT 195 regulation that we

encourage you to read and can be downloaded at
www.phmsa.dot.gov
-
 Radiographic Film
Interpretation Procedure
1.0 SCOPE

This Film Interpretation Procedure defines the requirements for conducting film interpretation for
the ABC Pipe Line Company (ABC). This procedure is intended to comply with the requirements
of DOT, CFR Part 192 and 195. Requirements for the production of radiographic film shall be in
accordance with all company specifications including API 1104, Standard for Welding Pipelines
and Related Facilities.

2.0 EQUIPMENT FOR INTERPRETATION

The following equipment shall be used for film interpretation on all projects:

2.1 Film Viewers

All film viewers shall be the high intensity type with a variable intensity control. The
viewer shall produce sufficient illumination to view a maximum film density of 3.5. A
dimmer control switch shall be a part of the viewer to provide the proper illumination for
range of densities being viewed. The viewer screen shall be free of scratches which
could lead to misinterpretation and masking aids shall be used as necessary to prevent
light leakage from interfering with film interpretation.

Radiographic film shall only be viewed in a room with subdued background lighting.

2.2 Film Density Indicators

Film density shall not be less than 1.8 nor more than 4.0 through the thickest portion of
the weld. To assure the specification densities are met, each darkroom shall have a
densitometer for checking film density. The densitometer shall be kept in good working
condition and a density calibration strip shall be used to calibrate the unit prior to daily
use. The densitometer calibration shall be checked periodically when it is being used.

2.3 Tools for Defect Measurement

The accuracy of measurements of discontinuities is extremely important. The following

tools shall be used as necessary for measuring the size of weld discontinuities:

1. Rulers -A clear, thin plastic ruler graduated in 1/16 inch increments shall be used for
measuring weld discontinuities.

2. Optical Comparators -If it is necessary to use a comparator, it is recommended that

the maximum of 5X be used and it should have a positive focusing adjustment.

3. Film Markers -When a discontinuity is outside of the acceptance limits, a felt tip pen
that does not smudge, smear or melt should be used to mark the defective area on the
film, along with stating the type of defect being rejected.
3.0 FILM QUALllY REVIEW

The following details shall be considered when reviewing radiographs:

3.1 Film Quality

All radiographs shall be free from indications which would interfere with proper
interpretation. This includes fog, scratches, processing marks or other defects.

3.2 Film Identification

All film shall be properly identified in accordance with the company requirements. The
location of the identification shall not interfere or mask any part of the weld. Each film
identification shall include the following:

1. Name of Owner Company

2. Date of Radiography

3. Location

4. Radiographic Contractor's Name

5. Radiographic Contractor's Unit Number

6. Weld Number

3.3 Penetrameters

The penetrameter thickness shall be based on the nominal single wall thickness plus the
average weld build-up. Penetrameters and their locations shall conform to the
requirements of Apl 1104, latest approved edition.

3.4 Weld Coverage

Unless otherwise specified, number belts with lead location numbers shall be placed on
the pipe in such a manner that complete coverage and overlapped film areas are fully
identified and the relationship between the film and the weld is firmly established. The
lead location numbers shall be placed at "inch" increments specified by the owner
company around the pipe, beginning at zero "0". The top weld button shall be used as
the zero "0" point for each weld radiographed. The numbers shall be read clockwise
facing the direction of flow upon completion of the pipeline. An arrow shall be placed
along side the weld indicating the direction of the weld numbers.

The radiographic film shall be of a width suitable to cover the weld, location number belt
and film identification. The film shall overlap in areas that can be identified to assure
 complete coverage of the weld. The maximum acceptable film lengths shall conform to
Apl 1104, latest approved edition.

The weld area shall be clear of number belts, penetrameters, lead numbers, etc., which
would mask or interfere with film interpretation.

3.5 Density

The H & D (Hurter-Driffield) method of defining quantitative blackening of the film shall
be used to determine film density. The measurements shall be made through the
thickest and thinnest portions of the weld metal on each radiograph. At a minimum,
these readings should be taken at the center and at each end of the radiograph. The
minimum density shall be 1.8 through the thickest portion of the weld image and the
maximum density shall be 4.0.

4.0 FILM INTERPRETATION

4.1 Responsibility of Contractor Film Interpreter

The contractor film interpreter is responsible for assuring that all film meets the quality
requirements of the specifications prior to film interpretation. In addition, the interpreter is
responsible for interpreting the radiographs in accordance with the acceptability
requirements of Apl 1104, latest approved edition, and/or other company specification
requirements.

4.2 Interpretation and Measurement of Discontinuities

All radiographs shall be interpreted in accordance with the acceptance criteria of API
1104, latest approved edition, and/or additional specification requirements.
Discontinuities shall be measured, using the tools discussed herein. In the case of
broken slag lines which appear in the same plane or line, each indication shall be
measured and the sum of the total shall be used to determine the disposition of this
discontinuity.

Outside undercut shall not be cause for rejection when observed on the radiograph. This
is a surface discontinuity and must, therefore, be accepted or rejected by visual
examination and measurement. The film interpreter shall, however, note the undercut
and location in the comment column on the radiographic report. The weld shall not be
accepted and/or rejected until the weld is visually inspected and measured by a
company representative.

In the case of internal undercut discontinuities on large diameter pipe, the acceptance of
the weld shall be delayed until the weld is inspected, when possible, to determine the
depth and length of the indication. This shall be done by a company inspector using an
approved dial indicator. In the event the undercut is within the acceptable limits, the
radiographic report shall be signed by the inspector in the comment column for the
respective weld. This will provide verification that the internal undercut condition has
 been visually measured and is acceptable. No further reports are required. If the
undercut condition is unacceptable, the repair shall be made and the weld re-
radiographed. When the internal undercut condition cannot be measured by mechanical
means, the acceptance criteria of Apl 1104, latest approved edition, shall govern.

5.0 MARKING OF WELDS FOR REPAIR

Welds which need to be repaired as a result of radiographic examination may be marked in

accordance with the suggested procedure presented herein. Prior to construction, other marking
procedures may be submitted to the owner company for review.

5.1 SUGGESTED PROCEDURE FOR MARKING WELDS

Welds which are to be repaired shall be marked by the authorized representative of the
radiographic contractor as presented herein.

Using a circle template supplied by the company, a 6-inch diameter circle shall be
painted on the pipe using bright yellow spray paint. The circle shall be on the left side of
the weld near the three o'clock position. The specific defect and location shall be written
in yellow paint stick or marker inside the circle. The defective area shall also be marked
on the weld. In the event more than one repair is required, an additional circle shall be
painted adjacent to the first circle.

When the repair(s) have been made and found to be acceptable by radiographic
examination, a white spray paint shall be used to paint over the defect and location
marks inside the yellow circle. This signifies the weld is acceptable and ready for taping
or coating. Only individuals authorized by the radiographic contractor and approved by
the owner company shall use the yellow or white spray paint.

In the event a weld is to be cut-out from the pipeline, red spray paint shall be applied
directly to the weld for a minimum length of 3" on the ROW side.

An example of the marking system is shown in the following figure.

 SUGGESTED PROCEDURE FOR MARKING WELDS

1 ) Welds to be repaired shall be marked with a yellow circle approximately six inches in
diameter at the three o'clock position on the left side of the weld.

The inside of the circle shall be used to define the defect type and location. The marking
shall be with a yellow ink marker.

F->.._1fJt,-}ii:,= W€T? I fi

•J,:....`"``:;.,''j:=;Ji:-".JJj T® BE.
•`, Tic-!L:i, i i-'=,-j

E.

[J.I£,`:.i ,:I,. ` -?f'.

ln addition, the area to be repaired shall be marked on the pipe at the specific location
with a yellow paint stick or marker.
 2) When the repair has been acceptably repaired, the original circle shall be sprayed
with white paint to provide a solid white dot in the center of the circle.

=xanple : white Weld Has

Paint Been Repaired
Marker And Is Accepted

!rL\
The.1|c>Lw~''.ii!l.
Paint
Spray \`

.,.-\f'-+-:.--`;+:i.:S'`

3) All welds which are to be cut-out shall be painted on the weld with a red paint spray
Can.

5.2 Authorized Representative

The radiographic contractor shall designate the film interpreter for each field unit who will
serve as the authorized representative for marking welds to be repaired and
subsequently spray painting through the defect code upon successful completion of the
repair. Only those individuals who have been approved by their respective contractors
and authorized by the owner company shall be permitted to mark welds for repair or
acceptance.

6.0 REPORTS AND RECORDS

The Daily Radiographic Report is to be completed for each weld radiographed and all weld
repairs.

A Weld Status Log shall be maintained daily to assure all repairs are completed and only those
welds which have been accepted by radiography are released for taping or coating.
 Apl 5L
PIPE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES