Outline EarthScience

GROUP 3

NO. SLIDES TITLE: ENDOGENIC PROCESSES:

/ REPORTERS PLUTONISM AND VOLCANISM
Learning Competency:
a. Define the endogenic process
b. How is magma formed?
e. What happens after magma is formed?
d. Plutonism
e. Volcanism

Slide 1-6 Activity

PRE-TEST: Identifying correct statements in each choices.

TOPIC REVIEW:
Slide 7 A. Internal Heat sources

i. Primordial heat of the planet remains from its early

stage.
ii. Heat from the decay of radioactive elements.
iii. Gravitational pressure
iv. Dense core material in the center of the planet.

B. Sources of Heat and Heat Transfer

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Define the endogenic process
How is magma formed?
Slide 8 What happen after magma is formed?
Plutonism
Volcanism
 DISCUSSION:
Endogenic Processes:
Endogenic process is a geological process that was formed,
Slide 9 originated, and located below the surface of the earth. It involves
geologic activities such as tectonic movements, metamorphism,
Reporter:
seismic activities and magmatism.
Vincent Allen
Hallado
DISCUSSION:
Formation of Magma:
• Magma is formed under certain circumstances in special
location deep in the crust or in the upper mantle.
• Magma forms from partial melting of mantle rocks.
Slide 10-18
Reporter: PARTIAL MELTING:
Pia Hidama, Juliana • The minerals that compose them melt at different
Zandria Labiaga temperatures.
It takes place because rocks are not pure materials.
• As temperature rises, some minerals melt, and others remain
solid.
• If the same conditions are maintained at any given
temperature, the same mixture of solid and melted rock is
maintained.

Two main mechanisms through which rocks

melt:

 Decompression Melting
 Flux Melting

Decompression Melting

Takes place within Earth when a body of rock is held at

approximately the same temperature but the pressure is reduced.
Involves the upward movement of Earth’s mostly solid mantle. This
hot material rises to an area of lower pressure through the process
of convection. Areas of lower pressure always have a lower melting
point than areas of high pressure. This reduction in overlying
pressure, or decompression, enables the mantle rock to melt and
form magma.

Flux Melting
 Occurs when water or carbon dioxide are added to rock. These
compounds cause the rock to melt at lower temperatures. This
creates magma in places where it originally maintained a solid
structure.

Slide 19-21
Reporter: Reena May
Discussion:
Palomo
What happens after magma is formed?

Magma escaped in two forms:

 Intrusion
 Extrusion

Intrusion

Magma that moves up into a volcano without erupting. Like a balloon,

this causes the volcano grows on the inside.
What is meant by the intrusion of magma is the inclusion of the rock
layers forming the earth’s crust (magma does not get out).

Extrusion

An eruption of magmatic materials that causes land formation on the

surface of the Earth.
Magma extrusion causes the formation of volcanoes when the gas
pressure is strong enough and there are cracks in the Earth’s crust.
Magma that came out to the surface of the earth is called the eruption.
The magma that comes to the surface of the earth is called lava.

Discussion:
Plutonism

Refers to all sorts of igneous geological activities taking place below

the Earth’s surface.
In cases where magma infiltrates the Earth’s crust but fails to make it
Slide 21-25
to the surface, the process of magma differentiation gives birth to ideal
Reporter: Juliana Zandria conditions for metallogenesis and that as a kind of plutonism
Labiaga Magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth’s surface, forming
intrusive igneous rocks like granite.

Plutonites (Intrusive Igneous Rock)

When the process of crystallization takes place inside the crust, the
magmatic rocks produced are called plutonites, which is another major
category of igneous rock formation.
Plutonites are igneous rock formations that are created when the
process of crystallization and solidification of magma takes place
below the Earth’s surface and particularly in the crust.

Discussion:
Slide 26-29 Volcanism
Repprter: Rhainybelle
Espinosa
Is used to describe all geological phenomena that occur on the natural
terrestrial surface, such as the creation of volcanoes and hot springs.
(Grotzinger et.al, 2008)
It refers to all sorts of geological activities correlated with the flow and
transportation of igneous material from the planet’s interior toward the
natural terrestrial surface.

This motion takes place inside cracks that are known among geologist
as natural pipes that infiltrate the upper mantle allowing liquids and
gases to reach the surface of the earth.
Magma reaches the Earth’s surface as lava through volcanic activity,
resulting in the formation of extrusive igneous rocks such as basalt.

Volcanites (Volcanic Rocks)

Volcanites are formed when a molten material in the form of lava

undergoes the process of crystallization on the natural terrestrial
surface
Volcanites are composed of gray, dull pink colored trakibasaltic lava
with large phenocrystal and pyroclastic

Game: Scrambled Letters

Activity: Comparing Plutonism and Volcanism

Slide 31-41

Slide 41-42