‫ا َ ْلك َََلمُ ‪Speech /‬‬

‫اَلت َّ ْع ِر ْيف ‪Definition /‬‬

‫ا َ ْل َك ََلمُُ(‪ُ)١‬ه َوُاللَّ ْفظُُ(‪ْ ُ)٢‬الم َر َّكبُُ(‪ْ ُ)٣‬الم ِفيْدُُ(‪ِ ُ)٤‬ب ْال َوض ُِ‬
‫ْعُ(‪.)٥‬‬

‫(‪ُ)١‬اَ ْلك َََلمُ‪ُ:‬اَ ْلم َرادُُُُُُُُُُُُُُفِيُا ْ‬

‫ص ِط ََلحُِالنَّ ْح ِو ِييْن‪.‬‬

‫سان‪.‬‬
‫الل َ‬ ‫(‪ُ)٢‬اَللَّ ْفظُ‪ُ:‬ا َ ْلم َرادُُُُُُُُُُُُُُاَلنُّ ْ‬
‫طقُ ِب ِ‬

‫ُم ْنُ َك ِل َمتَي ِْنُفَأ َ ْكث َ َ‬

‫رُولَ ْوُتَ ْق ِديْراُ‪(ُ.‬تَ ْح ِقيْقاُ‪ُ/‬‬ ‫(‪ُ)٣‬اَ ْلم َركَّبُ‪ُ:‬ا َ ْلم َرادُُُُُُُُُُُُاَلَّذ ْ‬
‫ِيُ َيت َ َر َّكب ِ‬
‫تَ ْق ِديْراُ)ُ‬

‫ش َّوفُبَُ ْعدَهُإِلَىُ َ‬
‫غي ِْر ُِه‪.‬‬ ‫ام َعُبِ َحيْثُالَُيَت َ َُ‬
‫س ِ‬‫(‪ُ)٤‬اَ ْلم ِف ْيدُ‪ُ:‬ا َ ْلم َرادُُُُُُُُُُُُُُأَفَا ُدَُال َّ‬

‫ض ُع‪ُ:‬اَ ْلم َرادُُُُُُُُُُُُُ(أ)ُأ َ ْنُيَك ْونَ ْ‬

‫اصداُُ َوضْعهُ‪.‬‬ ‫اضعُلَهُقَ ِ‬
‫ُال َو ِ‬ ‫(‪ِ ُ)٥‬با ْل َو ْ ِ‬
‫ي ِ‪.‬‬ ‫ُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُ(ب)ُأ َ ْنُ َيك ْونَ ُ ِب ْال َوضْع ْ‬
‫ُالعَ َر ِب ُ‬‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫( ‪)١‬‬ ‫( ‪)٢‬‬
‫‪Summary:ُ ُSpeech according to the grammarians, ُis spoken‬‬
‫‪expression )٣( consisting of two or more words (actual or implied).‬‬
‫( ‪)٤‬‬
‫‪It is beneficial and free from any ambiguity (explicit). )٥( The‬‬
‫‪speaker purposefully utters it in the medium of Arabic.‬‬

‫أ َ ْق َ‬
‫سامُا ْلك َََلم ‪Types of Speech /‬‬

‫‪Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir‬‬

 ُ‫َك ََلم‬
ُُ‫حر ْوف‬ ُُ‫أ َ ْفعَال‬
Particles ُُ‫أ َ ْس َماء‬
Verbs
Nouns
Prepositionُ=ُ‫ْرفُ َجر‬Noun ُ=ُُ‫)ُاِفِ ْسعمل‬٦١
‫)ُ َح‬٧ ُ=
ُ=ُ‫طف‬ْPronoun
‫)ُ َح ْرفُ َع‬٨ُ=ُ‫ ِمُيْر‬Verb
‫ض‬
َ ُ)٢
Adjectiveُ=ُ‫)ُنَ ْعت‬٣
Conjunction
Adverbُ=ُ‫ظ ْرف‬ َ ُ)٤
Interjectionُ=ُُ‫)ُاِ ْسمُفِ ْعل‬٥

ُُ‫ُاْل َ َّول‬
ْ ‫اَلد َّْرس‬
ُ
ُA lessonُ=ُ‫س‬ ٌ ‫د َْر‬
The lessonُ=ُُ‫ُدَ ْرس‬+ُ‫اَلد َّْرسُُ ُاَ ْل‬

Firstُ=ُ‫أَ َّو ٌل‬

The firstُ=ُ‫ُأَ َُّول‬+ُ‫اَ ْل‬ ُ‫اَ ْْلَ َّول‬

ُ‫ُذَاُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُ َهاُ=ُ َح ْرف‬+ُ‫)ُ َهذَاُ=ُ َها‬١

ُ
‫ِللت َّ ْن ِب ْي ُِه‬
‫َارة‬ ِ ْ ‫ذَاُ=ُ ِا ْسم‬Prepared
َ ‫ُاْلش‬ ُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُُ
by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 ُ
ُ
ُُ‫)ُ َم ْع ِرفَة‬٧
ُ
ُ ‫ا‬ َ‫=ُل َهعاذ‬ ُ ‫ب‬ َ‫)ُت ْكت‬٢
ُ ‫َهذَا‬ ُُ‫عاقِل‬ ُ ‫ْر‬
‫ي‬ َ
‫غ‬
َ ِ َ ُ‫ب‬ ‫ُو‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ق‬
ِ ِ ُ) ٦‫قُ)ُ ِل ْل‬٣‫ط‬
ُُِ ‫=ُقَ َهرا ْيذَ َا‬ َ ‫ت ْن‬

ُ‫)ُ ِل ْلمذَ َّك ُِر‬٥ ُ‫)ُ ِلُْلم ْف َر ُِد‬٤

ُ

A noun can be categorised according to its article:

ُ
ُ‫اِ ْسم‬ ُ
ُ
ُُ‫نَ ِك َرة‬ ُُ‫َم ْع ِرفَة‬
Indefinite Definite

1) Presence of1)
Tanwīn
Presence of (‫)ال‬
2) No (‫(ال‬ 2) No Tanwīn

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

 ُ‫بَيْت‬ ُ ُ‫ا َ ْلبَيْت‬
A house ُ The house

A noun can be categorised according to its gender:

ُ
ُ
ُ‫اِ ْسم‬ ُ

ُُ‫م َؤنَّث‬ ُُ‫مذَ َّكر‬

Feminine Masculine

Noun
Noun ends with ‫ ة‬does not end
with ‫ة‬

ُ‫َّارُة‬ ‫بَيْتُة‬
َ ‫سي‬ َ A house
A car
ُ
A noun can be categorised according to animacy:
ُ
ُ‫اِ ْسم‬
Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 ُ
ُ
ُُ‫عاقِل‬ َ
َ ُ‫غيْر‬ ُ ‫عا ِق‬
‫ل‬ َ
Inanimate Animate

than – ‫سان‬
1) Mankind
Everything other َ ‫اَ ْ ِْل ْن‬
2) Angels – ‫اَ ْل َم ََل ِئ َكة‬
the three animate
َ ‫اَ ْل ِج‬
ُ‫يْب‬-‫طنُ ِب‬
categories. 3) Jinn
ُ
A doctor

ُُ‫بَاب‬
A door
A noun can be categorised
according to number:

ُ‫اِ ْسم‬

ُُ‫َج ْمع‬ ُُ‫م ْف َرد‬

Plural ُ‫مثَنَّى‬ Singular
Dual
Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 Three or Two One
more

ُ‫بي ْوت‬ ِ َ ‫بَ ْيت‬

ُ‫ان‬ ُُ‫بَيْت‬
Houses (3+) Two housesA house

ِ ْ ‫ع َََل َمات‬
Case Endings / ‫ُاْلع َْراب‬

ِ ْ ‫ع ََل َمات‬
‫ُاْل ْع َراب‬ َ

ُُ‫َم ْجر ْور‬ ُُ‫َم ْنص ْوب‬ ُُ‫َم ْرف ْوع‬

Genitive Accusative Nominative
Case Case Case

Ends with: Ends with:

ًُِ ُُُُُorًُُُُُ ًَُ ُُُُorًُُُُُ
Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 Ends with:
ًُ ُُُُorُُُُ ًُ

ِ ‫ُا َ ْلبَ ْي‬/ُ‫ِبيْت‬

ُ‫ت‬ َُ ‫ُا َ ْلبَي‬/ُ‫ِبيْتا‬
ُ‫ْت‬ ُُ‫ُا َ ْلبَيْت‬/ُُ‫ِبيْت‬
Your Personal
Dictionary

Making your own personal dictionary aids you to

memorise and keep on top of new vocabulary.
Here are some examples:

ُ )‫( ب‬
ُُ‫حرفُالباء‬
Example in a Root Verb Translation Word
sentence
ُُ‫َهذَاُبَيْتُ َكبِيْر‬ ُُ‫اتُ–ُيَبِيْت‬
َ َ‫ب‬ ُُ‫بَيْت‬
(This is a big house) (To stay overnight)
A house

ُ )‫( ب‬
‫حرفُالباء‬
Example in a Translation Word
sentence

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

 ُُ‫ا َ ْل َبابُ َم ْفت ْوح‬ ُُ‫بَاب‬
(The door is open)
A door

In Arabic, there are two types of sentences

ُ
ُ‫اِ ْسم‬ ُ
ُ
ُُ‫نَ ِك َرة‬ ُُ‫َم ْع ِرفَة‬
Indefinite Definite

ُ‫بَيْت‬
1) Presence of1) ُ‫ ا َ ْلبَيْت‬of (‫)ال‬
Tanwīn
Presence
A house 2) No (‫(ال‬ 2)The
No house
Tanwīn

ُ
ُ

A noun can be categorised according to declension:

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

 ُ
ُ
ُ‫اِ ْسم‬ ُ

ُُ‫َم ْبنِي‬ ُُ‫م ْع َرب‬

Indeclinable Declinable

ُ Does not accept declension

Accepts declension (the case
(case ending does not visibly
ending visibly changes according
change regardless of its
to its grammatical positioning in a
grammatical positioning in a
sentence).
sentence).
There are two
types of sentences
in Arabic ‫ُ َُه ُِذا‬/ُ‫ُُ َُهذا‬/ُ‫ُ َهبَذَُْياُت‬/ُ‫ُبَُْيتا‬/ُ‫بَُْيت‬
This
ُ A house

ُ
‫ج ْملَ ُة‬ ُ

ُُ‫ج ْملَةُفِ ْع ِليَّة‬ ُُ‫ج ْملَةُاِ ْس ِميَّة‬

Verbal Sentence Nominal Sentence

A sentenceAwhich sentence
begins
which begins
Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah
withṬāhir
a verbwith a noun
 The nominal sentence consists of 2 components:
ُ
ْ َ‫َبُم َح َّمدُ ِإل‬
ُ‫ىُال َم ْس ِج ُِد‬ َُ ‫ذَه‬ ُُ‫ا َ ْلبَيْتُُقَ ِريْب‬
Muhammad went to the masjid ُ‫ج ْملَةُاِ ْس ِميَّة‬The house is close

ُ
ُ

ُُ‫َخبَر‬ ُُ‫م ْبتَدَأ‬

Predicate Subject

ُ ‫ْب‬
ُ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬
ِ َ ‫ق‬ُ‫ْت‬
ُ ‫ي‬َ ‫ب‬ ْ َ‫ا‬
‫ل‬ Whom or what the sentence is
Gives us information about
The the
house is close
subject about (the focus or topic of the
sentence).

ُ
ُُ‫ا َ ْلبَيْتُُقَ ِريْب‬
The house is close
Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 The subject has 2 distinct features:
ُ
ُ
‫م ْبتَدَُأ‬ ُ

ُ‫َم ْرف ْوع‬ ُُ‫َم ْع ِرفَة‬

Nominative Case Definite

ُ Ends with:
ًُ ُُorًُُُ
1) Presence of (‫)ال‬
2) No Tanwīn
ُ

ُ‫ا َ ْلبَيْت‬
ُ

The predicate has 2 distinct features:

ُ
ُ
ُ‫َخبَر‬ ُ

ُ‫َم ْرف ْوع‬ ُُ‫نَ ِك َرة‬

Nominative Case Indefinite
Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 Ends with:
ًُ ُُorًُُُ
ُ 1) No (‫)ال‬
2) Presence of
ُ Tanwīn

ُ
ُ‫ا َ ْلـ قَ ِريْب‬
There are no copulas in Arabic
ُ
Copula = A term for a word that links the subjectُof
a sentence to a subject complement (predicate).
ُ

Is Am Are

The house is close I am a student

We are students
ُ‫ا َ ْلبَيْتُُقَ ِريْب‬ َ ُ‫أَنَا‬
ُ‫طا ِلب‬ ُ‫ن َْحنُط ََّلب‬
ُ
ُ
Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 Translation of page one

ُ‫اَلدَّ ْرسُُ ْاْل َ َّول‬

The first the lesson

‫َهذَا‬
This
ُ

ُ َ‫َهذَاُب‬
‫اب‬ ُ‫َهذَاُ َم ْس ِجد‬ ُ ‫َهذَاُبَي‬
‫ْت‬
This ‫ ِم ْفت‬aُ‫ذَا‬door
ُ‫َاح‬is ‫َه‬ This isُ‫قَلَم‬aُ‫ذَا‬masjid
‫َه‬ Thisُ‫اب‬
isَ ‫ ِكت‬aُ‫ا‬house
َ‫َهذ‬
This is a key This is a pen This is a book

ُ‫َهذَاُك ْر ِسي‬ َ ُ‫َهذَا‬

ُ‫س ِريْر‬ ُ‫َهذَاُ َم ْكتَب‬
This is a chair This is a bed This is a desk

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

Brief grammatical analysis of sentences on page one

ُ‫َهذَاُبَيْت‬

ُ‫ج ْملَةُاِ ْس ِميَّة‬

ُ‫بَيْت‬ ‫َهذَا‬

ُ‫َخبَرُ َم ْرف ْوع‬ ُ‫م ْبت َ ُدَأُ َم ْرف ْوع‬

The interrogative pronoun (‫) َما‬

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 ِ ْ ‫َع ََل َمة‬
ُِ ‫ُاال ْستِ ْف َه‬
ُ‫ام‬ ُ
(Followed by) a ُ
question mark
‫َما‬ What
ُ ُ‫َم ْبنِيُ( َعلَى‬
ُ)‫ن‬ُِ ‫سك ْو‬ ُّ ‫ال‬
Indeclinable
ُِ ‫اِ ْسمُاُِ ْ ِال ْستِ ْف َه‬
ُ‫ام‬
ُ‫ل‬ ُّ ‫اَل‬
ُِ ِ‫س َؤالُ َع ْنُ َغي ِْرُالعَاق‬ Interrogative pronoun
Asking about inanimate
nouns

ُ‫َهذَاُبَيْت‬ ‫َماُ َهذَا؟‬

This is a house What is this?

The interrogative pronoun (ُ‫) َم ْن‬

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

 ِ ْ ‫َع ََل َمة‬
ُِ ‫ُاال ْس ِت ْف َه‬
ُ‫ام‬ ُ
(Followed by) a ُ
question mark
ُ‫َم ْن‬ Who
ُ ُ‫َم ْب ِنيُ( َعلَى‬
ُ)‫ن‬ُِ ‫سك ْو‬ ُّ ‫ال‬
Indeclinable
ُِ ‫اِ ْسمُاِ ْ ِال ْستِ ْف َه‬
ُ‫ام‬
ُ‫ل‬ ُّ ‫اَل‬
ُِ ‫س َؤالُ َع ْنُالعَا ِق‬ Interrogative pronoun
Asking about animate
nouns

َ ُ‫َهذَا‬
ُ‫ط ِبيْب‬ ‫نُ َهذَا؟‬
ُْ ‫َُم‬

This is a doctor Who is this?

In Arabic,
there are two types of Hamza
ُ
ُ‫َه ْمزَ ة‬ ُ
ُ

ُ‫َه ْمزَ ة‬ ْ َ‫ُالق‬

ُِ‫ط ُع‬ ْ ‫َه ْمزَ ة‬
ُ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ْال َو‬
ُِ ‫ص‬ Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
1) Never written 1) Always written
2) Only pronounced at 2) Always pronounced
the beginning of a regardless of its
sentence position in a sentence
ُ
ُ‫َماُا ْسم َك؟‬ ُ ُُ‫ُأ َنَاُُأ َ ْح َمد‬
What is your name? I am Ahmed

The interrogative particle (َُ‫)أ‬

ِ ْ ‫َع ََل َمة‬

ُِ ‫ُاال ْستِ ْف َه‬
ُ‫ام‬
(Followed by) a ُ Is

ُ
question mark

َ ‫ىُال ْسفَتِتْ ْفُح َه) ُُِامُُأ‬

ُِ ْ ِ‫َح ْرفُا‬
‫ال‬
ْ َ‫م ْبنيُ(عل‬
ُ ِ
Interrogative
Indeclinable
ِ َ
َ particle

ْ ‫ف‬ ُ‫ق‬ ْ َّ ‫ُوالت‬

ُِ ‫ص ِد ْي‬ َ َّ ‫بُالت‬
َ ‫ص ُّو ِر‬ َ ‫ِل‬
ِ َ ‫طل‬
ُ‫ُال َج َواب‬ ِ ‫ا َ ْ ِْل َجابَةُت َ ْبدَأُ ِب َح ْر‬
The answer begins with: Used to seek:
1) Yes - ‫نَ َعم‬ 1) the meaning\idea
2) No - ‫َل‬ 2) confirmation of something.

ُ‫ُ؟ َهذَاُبَيْت‬،ُ‫ُأ َ َهذَاُنَبَيعَ ُْمْت‬

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
Yes, this is a house
 ‫ال‪َ ُ،‬هذَاُ َم ْس ِجدُ‬
‫َُ‬
‫?‪Is this a house‬‬

‫‪No, this is a masjid‬‬

‫اَلد َّْرسُاُْلثَّا ِن ُْ‬

‫يُ‬
‫ُ‬
‫سُ=ُ‪ُA lesson‬‬ ‫د َْر ٌ‬
‫اَلد َّْرسُُ ُاَ ْلُ‪ُ+‬دَ ْرسُُ=ُ‪The lesson‬‬

‫ثَانُُ=ُ‪Second‬‬
‫اَ ْلُ‪ُ+‬ثَانُُ=ُ‪The second‬‬ ‫اَُْلثَّانِ ُْ‬
‫ي‬

‫ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َارةُ(‪ِ ُ)٢‬لُ=ُ‬ ‫‪ُ)١‬ذَ ِل َكُ=ُذَاُ‪ِ ُ+‬لُ‪َ ُ+‬كُ=ُ(‪ُ)١‬ذَاُ=ُاِ ْسم ْ ِ‬
‫ُاْلش َ‬
‫َالم ْ‬
‫ُالب ْعد‬
‫َاطب‬ ‫(‪َ ُ)٣‬كُ=ُ َكاف ْ‬
‫ُالمخ ِ‬
‫‪َ ُ)٧‬م ْع ِرفَةُُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫كُ‬ ‫‪ُ)٢‬ت ْكتَبُ=ُذَ ِل َُ‬
‫ذ ِل َُ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ت ْن َطقُ=ُذَا ِل َُكُ ُ‬

‫عاقِلُُ‬ ‫ُو َ‬
‫غي ِْرُ َ‬ ‫‪ِ ُ)٦‬لعَاقِل َ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir‬‬

 ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ِ ُ)٣‬ل ْلبَ ِع ْي ُِدُ‬

‫‪ِ ُ)٥‬ل ْلمذَ َّك ُِرُ‬ ‫‪ِ ُ)٤‬ل ْلم ْف َر ُِدُ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫اَلد َّْرسُاُْلثَّا ِلثُُ‬

‫ُ‬
‫سُ=ُ‪ُA lesson‬‬ ‫د َْر ٌ‬
‫اَلد َّْرسُُ ُاَ ْلُ‪ُ+‬دَ ْرسُُ=ُ‪The lesson‬‬

‫ثُ=ُ‪Third‬‬ ‫ثَا ِل ٌُ‬

‫اَُْلثَّا ِلثُ ُاَ ْلُ‪ُ+‬ثَا ِلثُُ=ُ‪The third‬‬

‫َم ْع ِرُفَةُ‬ ‫نَ ِك َرةُ‬

‫ا َُْلبَيْتُ‬ ‫بَيْتُ‬

‫ا َُْلقَلَ ُم‬ ‫قَلَ ُم‬

‫‪Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir‬‬
 ‫ُ‬
‫اِ ْسمُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ُ‬
‫نَ ِك َرةُُ‬ ‫َم ْع ِرفَةُُ‬
‫‪Indefinite‬‬ ‫‪Definite‬‬
‫ت َ ْع ِر ْيفُ‬
‫النَّ ِك ِر ُِة‪ُُ:‬‬
‫غيْرُمعَ ِينُ‪ُ.‬‬ ‫ش ْيءُ َ‬‫علَىُ َ‬ ‫يُاِ ْسمُُيَد ُّلُ َ‬ ‫ِه َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ت َ ْع ِر ْيفُا ْل َم ْع ِرفَ ُِة‪ُ:‬‬
‫ش ْيءُمعَ ِينُ‪ُ.‬‬‫علَىُ َ‬‫يُاِ ْسمُيَد ُّلُ َ‬ ‫ُ ِه َ‬

‫شم ِسيَّة‬ ‫ف ال َّ‬ ‫ف القَ َم ِريَّة ال ُح ُرو ُ‬ ‫اَل ُح ُرو ُ‬

‫اج ُر‬‫اَلت َّ ِ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا َل َ ُ‬
‫ب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir‬‬

 ‫ب‬ ‫اَلث َّو ُ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫اب‬ ‫اَلبَ ُ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫اَل ِدي ُك‬ ‫د‬ ‫اَل َجنَّةُ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ب‬ ‫اَلذَّ َه ُ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ار‬‫اَل ِح َم ُ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫اَل َّر ُج ُل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اَل ُخب ُز‬ ‫خ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫اَل َّزه َرة ُ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫اَلعَي ُن‬ ‫ع‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫س َم ُك‬ ‫اَل َّ‬ ‫س‬ ‫اَلغَ َدا ُء‬ ‫غ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫س‬ ‫شم ُ‬ ‫اَل َّ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫اَلفَ ُم‬ ‫ف‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫صد ُر‬ ‫اَل َّ‬ ‫ص‬ ‫اَلقَ َم ُر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫ف‬ ‫ضي ُ‬ ‫اَل َّ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اَل َكل ُ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫‪١١‬‬
‫ب‬ ‫طا ِل ُ‬ ‫اَل َّ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫اَل َما ُء‬ ‫م‬ ‫‪١١‬‬
‫اَلظه ُر‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫اَل َولَ ُد‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
‫اَللَّح ُم‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اَل َه َوا ُء‬ ‫هـ‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
‫اَلنَّج ُم‬ ‫ن‬ ‫اَليَـ ُد‬ ‫ي‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬

‫‪Lām not pronounced‬‬ ‫‪Lām pronounced‬‬

‫‪There are two types of letters in Arabic‬‬

‫ُ‬
‫َح ْرفُُ‬
‫‪Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir‬‬
 ُ
ُ

ُُ‫ش َُْم ِسي‬ ُُ‫قَ َم ِري‬

Sun Moon

When ‘‫ ’ال‬is prefixed to a noun When ‘‫ ’ال‬is prefixed to a noun

beginning with a Sun Letter the ‘‫’ل‬ beginning with a Moon Letter the
of ‘‫ ’ال‬is never pronounced but it is ‘‫ ’ل‬of ‘‫ ’ال‬is always pronounced and
always written. Thus, the first letter always written.
of the noun takes a shaddah (‫)ﹼ‬.

ُ
َُّ ‫اَل‬
ُُ‫ش ْمس‬ ُُ‫ا َ ْلُقَ َمر‬
Ash-Shamsu Al-Qamaru

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

 ‫ح ْلوُ‪َ ُ/‬حل َوُ–ُيَ ْحل ُْوُ‬
‫ضُ–ُيَ ْم َُرضُُ‬ ‫َم ِريْضُ‪َ ُ/‬م ِر َ‬
‫ضهُفَ ْوقَ ُبَ ْعضُفِ ْيُ‬ ‫عُ=ُ َرت َّ َ‬
‫بُبَ ْع َ‬ ‫د َّكانُ‪ُ/‬دَ َكنَ ُ–ُيَ ْدكن ْ‬
‫ُال َمتَا َُ‬
‫نِ َ‬
‫ظامُُ‬
‫يُـُيَ ْغنَى‬ ‫غ ِنيُ‪َ ُ/‬‬
‫غ ِن َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir‬‬

 The Interrogative Pronoun (‫)أين‬

ِ ْ ‫َع ََل َمة‬

ُِ ‫ُاال ْستِ ْف َه‬
ُ‫ام‬ ُ
(Followed by) a ُ
question mark
ُ‫أَي َْن‬
Where
ْ َ‫َم ْبنِيُ( َعل‬
ُِ ْ‫ىُالفَت‬
ُ)‫ح‬ ُ
Indeclinable

ْ ‫س َؤالُ َع ِن‬ ُِ ‫اِ ْسمُاِ ْ ِال ْستِ ْف َه‬

ُ‫ام‬
ُِ ‫ُال َم َك‬
ُ‫ان‬ ُّ ‫اَل‬ Interrogative pronoun
Asking about location

ْ ‫ْنُم َح َّمدُ؟ ه َوُ ِف‬

َ‫يُالغ ْرف ُِة‬ َ
َُ ‫أي‬

He is in the room Where is Muhammad?

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir
 The Detached Pronoun (ُ‫)ه َو‬

ُ‫َم ْرف ْوع‬ He \ It

ُ
Nominative Case

ُ‫ه َو‬
ُ ِ َ‫ض ِميْرُم ْنف‬
ُُ‫صل‬ َ
ُ)‫ح‬ ْ َ‫َم ْبنِيُ( َعل‬
ُِ ْ‫ىُالفَت‬ Detached Pronoun
Indeclinable ُ

ُ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ُو َغي ِْر‬

ُِ ‫ُالعَا ِق‬ َ ‫ِل ْلعَا ِق ِل‬ ُ‫ِل ْلم ْف َر ُِد‬ ُ‫ِل ْلمذَ َّك ُِر‬
Animate \ Inanimate Singular
Masculine

Pronoun = A word which takes the place of a noun.

Pronouns can do all of the things which nouns can do.
For example, they can be subjects.

ُ‫ام‬ ْ
ُِ ‫ه َُوُ ِفيُال َح َّم‬ ُ ‫؟‬ ‫ي‬‫ل‬َِ َ ‫أ‬
‫ع‬ ُ ‫ْن‬
‫ي‬ َ

He is in the bathroom Where is Ali?

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

 The Detached Pronoun (ُ‫ي‬
َ ‫) ِه‬

ُ‫َم ْرف ْوع‬ She \ It

Nominative Case
ُ
ُ‫ي‬
َ ‫ِه‬ ُ ِ َ‫ض ِميْرُم ْنف‬
ُُ‫صل‬ َ
ْ َ‫َم ْب ِنيُ( َعل‬
ُِ ْ‫ىُالفَت‬
ُ)‫ح‬
Indeclinable
ُ Detached Pronoun

ْ ‫ُو َغي ِْر‬ ُ‫ِل ْلم ْف َر ُِد‬ ُِ َّ‫ِل ْلم َؤن‬

ُ‫ث‬
ُ‫ل‬
ُِ ِ‫ُالعَاق‬ َ ‫ِل ْلعَاقِ ِل‬ Singular Feminine
Animate \ Inanimate

Pronoun = A word which takes the place of a noun.

Pronouns can do all of the things which nouns can do.
For example, they can be subjects.

ُِ‫خ‬ ْ ‫يُال َم‬

ُ َ‫طب‬ ْ ‫يُ ِف‬
َُ ‫أَي َْنُ ِآمنَةُ؟ُ ِه‬
She is in the kitchen Where is Āminah?

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

 Signs of Nouns / ‫اء‬ ْ َ ‫ُاْل‬
ُِ ‫س َم‬ ْ ‫ع َََل َمات‬
There are 4 ways by which you can identify whether a word is a noun.
A word can have a maximum of 3 signs from the signs below:
The presence of a Tanwīn (Double vowel) ُ‫ُ ُا َلت َّ ْن ِويْن‬١

ُُ‫بَيْت‬
ُ‫ت َ ْن ِويْن‬

َّ ‫ُو‬
The presence of the prefix Alif and Laam ‫الَل ُِم‬ َ ‫ف‬ ْ ‫ُ دخ ْول‬٢
ِ ‫ُاْل َ ِل‬

ُُ‫ا َ ْلبَيْت‬ َ ‫ا َ ْْل َ ِلف‬

َّ ‫ُو‬
ُ‫الَلم‬

It is known to except the genitive case ending ُ‫ي ْع َرف‬ ُ٣

ُ‫ِب ْال َج ُِر‬

ِ ‫ا َ ْلبَ ْي‬
ُ‫ت‬ ُ‫َم ْجر ْور‬ ُ‫بَيْت‬ ُُُ

It is preceded by prepositions ُ‫حر ْوف‬ ُ٤

ُ‫ْال َج ُِر‬

ُ‫ت‬ ْ ِ‫ف‬
ُِ ‫يُالبَ ْي‬ ُ‫َح ْرفُ َجر‬

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir

Prepared by: Abū Ṭalḥah Ṭāhir