Agama Descriptions

c
rptkak;
Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;- ghfk; .3
vd;id ngw;nwLj;J ngah;nfhLj;J mwpTk; QhdKk; fiyAk;
Gfl;b vd;Ds; ,Ue;J tpj;jfdha; Mf;fpitf;Fk; vd;ngw;Nwhh;fF
;
,d;Ehy; fhzpf;if
- Mf;fk; -
“rpthfk tprhuj” “rpj;jhe;jtpj;jfh;” “fiykhkzp”
lhf;lh;-gpuk;k=.rhk;g-Nrhkh];fe;j FU[P
<o.ey;Yhh;.rpthr;rhh;a FUgPlk; 416 839 2325
<oey;Yhh;.rpthfktprhuj.Kj;jkpo;FUkzp.fiykhkzp lhf;lh;.v];.v];.FU[P - Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-3
c
nghUslf;fk;. 141-143tiu-njupe;J
nfhs;s.
1.Myak; GU~&gk;. 32.Njtfd;dah;-2 63.Ntjpiffs;-1 98..vOtifj; j hz;ltk;-2. 144.rpthtp~;ZMyak;
2; radepiy 33.frhAjq;fs;-1 64.Fz;lq;fs;-1 99..vOtifj;jhz;ltk;-3 mikf;Fk;tpjp
3.];JhyruPuk;. 34.jrhAjq;fs;-2 65.Fz; lq;fs;-2 100..vOtifj;jhz;ltk;-4
4.G+h;zFk;gk; 66.G+h;tj;Jthuk;
35.jrhAjq;fs;-3 101.glq;fs;
5.Gz;zpahfk;. 67.fyrtpjpfs;-1
36.MAjq;fs;-1 68.fyrtpjpfs;-2- 102.,iwrpifmyq;fhuk;-1
6.Nfhkhjh 103.,iwrpifmyq;fhuk;-2
37.MAjq;fs;-2 69.fyrtpjpfs;-3
7.jpUtpsf;F 70.fyrtpjpfs;-4 104.,iwrpifmyq;fhuk;-3
38.MAjq;fs;-3
8.ntw;wpiy 71.fyrtpjpfs; -5 105.,iwrpifmyq;fhuk;-4
39.MAjq;fs;-4
9.Njhuzk; 72.fyrtpjpfs;-6
40..MAjq;fs;-5 73.fyrtpjpfs;-7 106.,iwmzpfyq;fs;-1
10.FUkfj;Jtk;. 41.MAjq;fs;-6 107.,iwmzpfyq;fs;-2
74.fyrtjpfs;-8
11.cs;sq;if 42-MAjq;fs;-7 75.fyrtjpfs;-9 108.,iwmzpfyq;fs;-3
12.ngupakzp 43.nfhbkuk; 76.fyrtjpfs;-10 109.Milmzpfyq;fs;-1
13.ifkzp 44.nfhbr;rPiy-1 77.fyrtjpfs;-11 110.epw;Fk;Nfhyq;fs;
14.ee;jpthj;jpak; 45.nfhbr;rPiy-2 78.fyrtjpfs;-12
46.Njh; 79.fyrtjpfs;-13 111.,Uf;ifepiyfs;-1
15.Ngupthj;jpak; 112.,Uf;ifepiyfs;-2
47.Kj;jpiufs;-1 80.jPl;rhkz;lyk;
16.ehj];tuk; 81.uh[NfhGuk; 113.,iw`];jk;
17.tPzh 48.Kj;jpiufs;-2
49.fw;G+uk; 82.Jtpjstpkhdk; 114.fzgjpahfFk;gk;-
18.gQ;rKfthj;ak; 83.jpupjstpkhdk; 115.rptahfFk;gk;
50.Mwhjhuk; 84.fw;gfpufk;-1
19.Qhdfl;fk; 116-fhspahfFk;gk;
51.Mwhjhuk;-1 85.fw;gfpufk;-2
20.kpWj;rq;fpufzk; 117.khupahfFk;gk;
52.Mwhjhuk;-2 86-Jhz;tiffs;
21.th];J(kz;Lfgjk;) 53.Mwhjhuk;-3 87.gjtpd;ahrk; 118.igutahfFk;gk;
22.th];J(gukrhapgjk;) 54.Mwhjhuk;-4 88.gQ;rhkphjk; 119.FàhfFk;gk;
23.uf;N~hf;d gjk; 55.~Lj;jhrdk; 89.Jthughyh;-1 120 gtpj;jpuk;
24.gpuNtrgyp 56.Ntjpiffs;-1 90.Jtughyh;-2
91.jrjuprdk; 121.<rhehjpgQ;r%h;j;jpfs;
25.tpehafh;m~;lkq;fyk;. 57.Ntjpiffs;-2 123 tiu.
26.me;jzh;m~;lkq;fyk;.58.Ntjpiffs;-3 92.G+i[cgfuzk;
124.-;128tiu jPgcgrhuk;
59.gQ;rhrdNtjpif.4 93.
27.murh;m~;lkq;fyk;. 129-131tiu-rpWf;rpWtNgjk;.
.60.gQ;rhrdk;-1 94.mq;Frh];jpuk;
28.Ntshsh;m~;lkq;fyk;.61.gQ;rhrdk;-2 95.rpth];uk; 132-134tiu.th`dq;fs;
29.Njtpm~;lkq;fyk; 96.;F`h];jpuk; 135-137tiu rg;jkhjhf;fs;/
30.Njth~;lkq;fyk;. 97.rf];uypq;fk;
97.vOtifj;jhz;ltk;-1 138-140tiu-etf;fpuf epiyfs;.
<oey;Yhh;.rpthfktprhuj.Kj;jkpo;FUkzp.fiykhkzp
c lhf;lh;.v];.v];.FU[P - Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-3
tho;j;Jiu
Nguhrpupah;.fyhepjp eh.Rg;gpukzpad;. (Kd;idehs; jkpo;gN
; guhrpupah;.aho;.gy;fiyf;fofk;)
rka newpnahd;wpy; Kiwahf xOf tpiogth;fSf;F mr;rkakuG rhh;ej ; topghl;Lnewp Kiwfspy;

<LghLk; gapy;epiyj;njspTk; mtrpak;vd;gJ ntspg;gil. “nrhy;ypaghl;bd; nghUs;czh;e;Jnrhy;Ygth;Nf
,iwgjg;NgW fpl;Lk;”vd;gJ kzpthrfg;ngUkhd; Nghd;w Md;Nwhh;fspd; mUs;thf;fhFk;.nrhy;ypaghl;bd;
nghUs; kl;Lky;y mJrhh; nrad;KiwfSk; mtrpakhdit vdf;nfhs;tJ MfkkuG. ,t;thwhd Mfk
kugpd; rpe;jidtop cUthd Ehyhf;fNk ,J. rpthfkf; fpupianewprhh; mk;rq;fisAk; nghUj;jkhd fl;Gyf; fhl;rpfshf
ek;Kd;itj;J irttopghl;Lnewpf;F tsk; Nrh;jJ ; s;shh; fiykhkzp lhf;lh; rhk;grpt-Nrhkh];fe;j FU[P mth;fs;.
,t;thwhd xUEhyhf;fj;jpw;F rkakuGgw;wpa nghJepiy mwpTkl;Lk; NghJtjd;W rpwg;Gepiy jfikfSk; rpyNjit
vd;gJntspg;gil. mt;tifapy;..MfkkuG gw;wpa Gyik Muha;r;rp. kw;wJ mk;kuGrhh; fpupia newpfspy; ePz;l gapw;r;rp.
%d;whtJ...Mfkg;Gyik..gapw;rr ; prhh; mk;rq;fis Xh; fiyQdhf epd;W ntspg;gLj;Jk; Gidthw;wy; ,k; %d;Wmk;rq;fis
Ak; lhf;lh; FU[P mth;fsplk; epiwthfg; nghUe;jpapUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. mjw;F mbg;gilf;fhuzk; rpthfkkugpd; jiyik
Ak; gapw;r;rpj; jpwDk; MrhumD~;lhdKk; MSikAk; nfhz;l ,yq;if ,e;Jkj FUgPlhjpgjpahf njupTnra;ag; ngw;w
“itj;jpafyhepjp” “rpthfkQhdp” ];fe;j.rhk;grpt rpthr;rhh;ahh; mth;fspd; Gjy;tuhfg; gpwe;j jtg;gaNdahFk;.
,t;thwhd FUghuk;gupa newpKiwapy; Ntjk;.rpthfkk;.Guhzk;.,jpfhrk;.irtrpj;jhe;jk;. jkpo;rk];fpUj ghygz;bjh;tFg;G
,ay;.,ir.ehlfk;. tpy;ypir. fjhgpurq;fk;. rkar;nrhw;nghopT. N[hjplk;. rpw;gk;. Xtpak;.FUj;Jtk;. ,g;gb gy;Jiwfspy;
rpwg;Gepiy MSik nfhz;l fiy ty;Ydh; ehd;fz;ltiu fiykhkzp lhf;lh; FU[P xUtNujhd;.
gy Fk;ghgpN~fq;fs;. kNfhw;rq;fis jiyikf;FUthf elhj;jpitj;j ngUikAk; jd;dlf;fKk; nfhz;lth;. ,tuhy; Kd;
dh; vOjpntspaplg;ngw;w ehd;FEhy;fSk; rkaMh;tyh;fSf;Fk; FUkhh;r%fj;jpw;Fk; gad;ghLilajhf mikag;ngw;Ws;sJ.
,t;thwhd gd;Kf MSiknfhz;l FU[P mth;fspd; nraYhf;fj;jpd; Kf;fpa njhlh;ntspg;ghLfspnyhd;whf ,g;nghOJ
ntsptUk; ,e;Ehy; rkakuGNgZk; ehl;lk; nfhz;lth;fSf;Fk; MfkkuGNgZk; FUkhh;fSf;Fk; ngUtpUe;jhf mikAk;
vd;gJ vkJek;gpf;if. ,e;Ehyhf;fj;ij je;Js;s FU[P mth;fs; ,JNghd;W gaDs;s Mf;fq;fis ntspaPLnra;a ,iw
mUs;mUNshL tho;jj ; paikfpNwd;.
07-09-2006 eh.Rg;gpukzpad;.
fiykhkzp lhf;lh;.FU[P mth;fspd; “Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;”ghfk;-3 Ehy; irtcyfpw;F gaDilajhf mikatho;jJ ; fpNwhk;.

md;Gld;....rpt=;rpt.epj;ahde;jf;FUf;fs; rqfhid.
rpt=.rpt.fhe;jf;FUf;fs;(jiyth;.,e;JFUkhh;xd;wpak;.fdlh)
rpt=.rhk; uh[hf;FUf;fs; (rTj;jhgpupf;fh lh;ghd; tpehafh; Njt];jhdk;)
rpt=.uhk;.nfq;fhjuf;FUf;fs;. yz;ld;. rpt=.uhk;.rh;tNyhNf];tuf;FUf;fs;.(gpuk;ld;.fw;gftpehafh;Nfhtpy;);
rpt=.thfP]t ; ufFUf;fs;.(myq;fhug+~zk;) rpt=.rpthIah. (=Jh;ifak;kd; Nfhtpy; nkhd;wpay;.)
“rpthfktpj;thd;” “rpthfkQhdrhfuk;” aho;g;ghzk;-ethypA+h;

lhf;lh;.eh.Nrhkh];fe;jf; FUf;fs; “gpujp~;lhrpNuhkzp” fpupahfpukN[hjp”
(Rz;zhfk; fjpukiyrptd;Njt];jhdk;) fyhepjp.gpuk;k=.rhkp-tp];tehjf;FUf;fs;
nts;stj;ij.nfhOk;G
-MrpAiu- -MrpAiu-
,iwtd; mUspd;wp vk;khy; vijAk; nra;JKbf;f ,ayhJ.ekJ ekJehl;bd; FUgPlhjpgjpahf jpfoe;j Mfkrh];j;jpuGuhz
vz;zk;ey;yjhapUg;gpd; vLj;jfhupaq;fis ,dpjhfTk;,yFthf khNkij itj;jpafyhepjp. ey;Yhh; rhk;grpt rpthr;rhh;ahh;
Tk; ,iwtd; Kbj;Jj;jUthd;. mth;fspd; Gjy;th; fiykhkzp Nrhkh];fe;j FU[P mth;f
me;jtifapy; gy;NtW Jiwfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mwpTf;fsQ;rpaq; spd; “Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;.ghfk-3” vDk;Ehy; ntspaPL nra;tJ
fshfpa gyMfk rh];jj ; pu Ehy;fis vOjpmr;Nrw;wp ntspaPL mwpe;J kfpo;rr ; pailfpNwd;. MfkmwpTk; Muhr;rpAk; fiyAk;
nra;JtUk; “Kj;jkpo;FUkzp” rpthfktprhuj” “fiykhkzp” rpwe;j ,tuJ 4Ehy;fs; Vw;fdNt ntspaplg;ngw;W gyUila
fiyQh;.lhf;lh;.rhk;grpt-Nrhkh];fe;j FU[P mth;fs; jw;nghOJ ghuhl;LfisAk;ngw;wth;.,tUila ehd;FEhy;fspd; ntspaPl;
Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;.%d;whtJ ghfj;jpid ntFrpukj;jpd; kj;jpapy; L tpohtpYk;; ahd; fye;J nfhz;Nld;.jw;nghOJ ntspapLk;
jahupj;J ntspaPLnra;tJ ngupJk; ghuhl;lg;glj;jf;fJ. Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;.3 Ehy; Kd;ida Ehy;fistpl rpwg;G
,th; gy;NtW Mfkq;fis Muhr;rpnra;J MjhuG+h;tkhd gy ld; gytpjMfk tp~aq;fs; tpsf;fg;glq;fSld; ntsptUt
tp~aq;fis fz;lwpe;J mtw;iw rh];jpNuhj;jkkhf tiue;Jk; jhy; ,J irtkf;fSf;Fk; FUkhh;fSf;Fk; kpfTk; mtrpa
tpsf;fq;fSld; ntspaPlL ; s;shh;.,jw;F ,tuJ MfkEz;zwpT khd xH;nghf;fp~khf mikAk; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy.
k; rpj;jpuk;tiuAk; fiyawpTk; JizGupe;jpUf;fpwJ. Vw;fdNt gyre;Njfq;fSf;F tpsf;fg;glq;fSld; 10f;Fk;Nkw;gl;l Mf
gj;ufhspkz;lg G+i[. Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs; ghfk;-1. ghfk;-2 ,g;gb kq;fis Muha;e;J ekf;F gymupa tp~aq;fis ntspf;
gy Ehy;fis ntspaPlL ; jkpoPoj;jpYk; jkpofj;jpYk; ghuhl;Lg; nfhz;Lte;J jdJ Xtpajpwikahy; rpj;juq;fshf tiue;J
ngw;w,th; “rpthfkGuhz jj;JtQhdp”,yq;if,e;JkjgPlhjpgjp ntspaPL nra;fpwhh;.,tuJ jpwikia Kaw;rpia ghuhl;Lt
itj;jpafyhepjp .];fe;j-rhk;grptrpthr;rhh;ahh; mth;fspd;Gjy;tu; NjhL NkYk; gy MfkMa;TEhy;fis ntspapl;L rkaj;jp
Mthh;. rpthfkEz;mwpit je;ijaplk;fw;Wzh;e;jNjhL w;Fk; vkJ r%fj;jpw;Fk; mupanjhz;Lfs; nra;a ,iwtid
ey;Yhh; fzgjP]t ; uFUFyj;jpy; rk];fpUjghygz;bjh;tiufw;w Ntz;b tho;jj ; p ey;yhrpfisAk; jUfpNwd;.
th;.ey;Yhh;Qhdrk;ge;jh;MjPdj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;jtpj;jfh; gl;lk; Rgk];J
ngw;wth;.,ir.eldk; N[hjplk;.rpw;gk;.rpj;jpuk;.tpy;ypir.gpurq;fk;
ftpij vd gyJiw mwpe;jth;.,tUila,e;Ehy; rkaMh;tyh;f gpuk;k= rhkp-tp];tehjf;FUf;fs;
Sf;Fk; FUkhh; r%fj;jpw;Wk; ngupJk; gaDilajhf mikAk; 39.Dr E.A Coorsy mawatta.
wellawatta
vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.,tUila ,k;Kaw;r;rpia ghuhl;b ,iwaU Colombo-6 srilanka.
NshL ey;yhrp $WfpNwhk;. Rgk;.
c c
Vfhk;guehjh; Jiz jkpo;ehL.fhQ;rpGuk; rhk;grptd;Jiz
“rpthfktpj;thd;” “rpj;jhe;jrhfuk;” rh;tNjr ,e;JkjgPlhjpgjp ,yq;if rgupkiy rh];jhgPlk;

rpt=.uh[g;ghf;FUf;fs; mth;fspd; mfpy,yq;if gpuhk;kz,isQh;rkh[k;
MrpAiu
Dr. rpthfkfyhepjp rhk;grpt
,yq;ifapYk; gyehLfspYk; irtrkaj;ijAk; Kj;jkpio = Iag;gjhrf;FUf;fs; J.P
Ak; FUj;Jtk; fiygzpfs; vd gyJiwfspYk; Nguhw;wy;
ngw;w ,yq;ifapd; KjyhtJ ,e;Jkj gPlhjpgjpahf njupT
nra;ag;ngw;w rpthfkQhdp fpupahjj;JtNkij.itj;jpafyhepjp
mkuh;.mUs;N[hjp.];fe;j-rhk;grpt rpthr;rhh;ahh; mth;fspd; tho;jJ
; iu
Fkhuh;. rfyhfk tprhuj. rpj;jhe;jtpj;jfh;. fiykhkzp.
lhf;lh; gpuk;k=.Nrhkh];fe;jFU[P mth;fspd;Mfkr;rpj;jpuk; vdJ md;Gf;Fk; kjpg;Gf;FKupa mz;zd;
ghfk;-1 ghfk;-2 vd ,UEhy;fis ntspaPL nra;J ,yq;if Nrhkh];fe;j FU[P mth;fspd; Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;.ghfk;.3
apYk; jkpo;ehl;bYk; Gfo;ngw;w ,th; jw;nghOJ Mfkr;rpj; fpupianewpAld; Mfkg;gltpsf;fq;fSld; ntsptUtJ
jpuk; %d;whtJ ghfj;ij ,JtiuahUk; fz;L nfhs;shj ngUkfpo;r;rp jUfpwJ. ,e;j mupa nghf;fp\k; Md;kPf
mupa gytp\aq;fis tpsf;fg;glq;fSld; gyMfk Mjhuq; kf;fSfF gaDilajhf mikAk;. MfkMuhr;rpAk;
fSld; ntspaPL nra;tJ ngUkfpo;r;rp mspf;fpwJ. Mfkrpj; jkpo; irtrpj;jhe;j mwpTk; fiyAk; epiwag;ngw;w
jpuq;fs; ghfk;-1 nfhOk;G kUjhid fg;gpj;jhtj;ij irt ,th;ntspapLk; Ie;jhtJ Ehyhfpa Mfkr;rpj;juq;fs;.
j;jkpo; ghlrhiyapy; 1997y;ntspaPl;Ltpoh mbNad; jiyik ghfk;.3 fdlhtpy; ntsptUtJ mq;Fs;s irtkf;fspd;
apy; eilngw;wJ ngUikjUfpwJ. jw;nghOJ %d;whk;ghfk; NgwhFk;. vkJ je;ijahiug;Nghy; Mfktpsq;fq;fis
FUkhUf;Fk; irtkf;fSf;Fk;.gyfpupiffspd; jj;Jtq;fis ntspf;nfhzUk; ,th; gy;yhzL tho;e;J Nritnra;a
Gupe;Jnfhs;s ,e;Ehy; NgUjtpGupAk; vd;gjpy;re;Njfkpy;iy. =rgupkiy Iag;gRthkpiaNtz;b tho;j;JfpNwd;
nkd;NkYk; ,tuJ Md;kPf tsh;r;rpg;gzp njhlu fhQ;rpGuk; ,iwaUSld;;..
fhkhl;rpehjupd; NguUs; JizNahL ePz;lMASk; NguwpTk;
rfy fiyfSld; nghUl;nry;tKk; ngw;W rpwg;Gld; tho rpt=.rhk;grpt-Iag;gjhrf;FUf;fs;.
ey;yhrp $WfpNwhk;. Rgk];J.. nfhOk;G.,yq;if
rpt=.uh[g;gh FUf;fs;
fhQ;rpGuk;
c
rhk;grptFUNt Jiz
Mf;fpNahd; ciu....
,e;jkz;zpy; thOfpd;w xt;nthUtUk; jhk;thOk; kz;zpw;Nfh..jk; ,dj;jpw;Nfh jhk;rhh;ej ; r%fj;jpw;Nfh....

jk;khyhd flikiar;nra;jhfNtz;Lk;. eP ,e;jkz;zpy; te;JNghdjw;F milahskhf VNjhXd;iw ,e;j
kz;zpy; tpl;Lr;nry;yNtz;Lk;. eP kiwe;jhYk; mJ cd;id Qhgfg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. mJ ,y;
iyahapd; kpUfq;fSf;Fk; cdf;Fk; ve;jtpj;jpahrKk; ,y;iy. ,g;gb vd;je;ijahh; vdf;F mbf;fb$Wthh;.
fiyapd;ghy;ehl;lk; nfhz;l fle;j 30 tUlq;fSf;FNkyhd GfOld;epiyj;J rhjidgil;jhYk;..je;ijapd;
tpUg;gj;jpw;fhf Ntjrpthfkk;.Guhzk;.rpw;grh];jj
; puk;.jkpo;.rk];fpUj ghygz;bjh;.irtrpj;jhe;jk; N[hjplk; vd
fw;wwpe;J FUj;Jtj;JiwapYk; gpuNtrpj;J..10f;FNkw;gl;l Fk;ghgpN\fq;fs;..kN`hw;rtq;fs;elhj;jpAs;Nsd;.
Vw;fdNd ,yq;ifapy; 4 rk];fpUjEhy;fis ntspaPL nra;Js;Nsd;. mjpNy Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;.ghfk;-1>ghfk;-2
,yq;ifapYk; jkpo;ehl;bYk; ngUk; FUkhh;fshYk; MjPdq;fshYk; ghuhl;lg;gl;L ngUk;Gfio je;jJ.
jw;NghJ fdlhtpy; trpj;JtUk; epiyapy; Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-3vDk; ,e;E ; hiy gyMfkq;fis Muha;eJ ;
rpj;jputbtq;fshf tpsf;fq;fSld; cUthf;fpAs;Nsd;..,jid mr;Nrw;w gzky;yhjNghJ nkhd;wpay; Jh;if
mk;kd;Mya FU gpuk;k=.rz;Kf.Rjd;rh;kh mth;fSk;>mtUila ez;gh;>td;$th; md;gh Ffd; mth;fSk;
jk;khy;Kbe;j gzcjtpnra;J Cf;Ftpj;jdh;.mth;fSf;F vd; Kjy; ed;wpfis njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.
,e;Ehypy; VNjDk; jtWfs; Vw;gl;bUg;gpd; mwpQh;fs; jFe;j Mjhuj;Jld; njuptpj;jhy; ed;wpAilatdhNtd;.
NkYk; ,e;EhYf;F Mrpfs; toq;fpa ,e;jpa ,yq;iff;FUkhh;fSf;Fk; Ehy;ntsptu gytifapy; cjtpa
ez;gh;fS;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfye;j tzf;fq;fis njuptpj;JmikfpNwd;.
gzptd;Gld;......
fiykhkzp lhf;lh;.gpuk;k=.rhk;grpt.Nrhkh];fe;j rpthr;rhh;ahh;.(FU[P)
<oey;Yhh;.rpthr;rhh;a FUgPlk;
nuhuz;Nlh.fdlh. 416 839 2325
<oey;Yhh;.rpthfktprhuj-Kj;jopo;FUkzp-fiykhkzp-.lhf;lh;.v];.v];.FU[P - Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-3
QLK; h6l6cl7h*-
1
Myak; GU\&gk;
Jhgp-- [lhKb
rpfuk;-- Kfk;
fsj;jp- fOj;J
gpu];juk;- Njhs;
glth;ff
; k; - iffs;
Fk;ggQ;ruk; - ehgp
mjp\;lhdk; - Koq;fhy;
cggPlk; - fhy;
Myak; GU\&gk; 2
QLK; h6l6xl7h*- (radepiy) -fhuzhfkk;

uJ9u\b; x]Yvˆ qg9kd«; k6Yk6i81D- yd¢VvªhG; z1mkb3kd£h ei81D-
G4D¦k7l6 h]1Fx;v83M Qv§hG; O;U]y3 kD3 -kb31u3h6l h3F,v83M -
QL1K3 1Fb1k1z3y¦, yL3DZ3D° l7hy*-- y3l1d.
fh;gg;gfpufk;-jiy me;juhsk;-fOj;J
mh;j;jkz;lgk;-Njhs;
kfhkz;lgk;-tapW
ee;jp-,jak; NfhGuk;-ghjk;
gypgPlk;-ehgp
nfhbkuk;-gpu[hgjp
gpufhuk;-fhy;fs;
kdpjclYk; Nfhtpy; mq;fKk;-

];JhyruPuk;.. 3
gQ;rf
P uzk; nra;ag;gl;l ItifG+jq;fshy; MdJk; ey;tpidg;gadhy; Njhd;wpaJk; ,d;gJd;gq;fspd; ,Ug;
gplkha;..,Uj;jy;.gpwj;jy;.tsh;jy;.khWjy;.Nja;jy;.kha;jy; Mfpa mWtifkhw;wq;fSf;F cl;gl;lJkhd
mt;Tly; ];JhyruPuk; vdg;gLk;. fhJ.Njhy;.fz;.ehf;F.%f;F ,itIe;Jk; QhNde;jpuaq;fs;.(mwpTf;fUtpfs;)
tha;.if.fhy;.vUtha;.fUtha;. ,itIe;Jk; fh;Nke;jpupaq;fs;(nraw;fUtpfs;) xt;nthU ,e;jpupaq;fSf;Fk;
xt;nthUNjtij cz;L.
fz;-#upad; tha;- mf;dp r;Nuhj;u];a jpf;Njtjh

fhJ-m\;ljpf;ghyh; iffs;-,e;jpud; j;NtNrh thA,
Njhy;-thA ghjq;fs;-tp\;Z rf;\6 #h;a,
ehf;F-tUzd; vUtha;-(kytha;)-[kd; u]eha tUz,
%f;F-m];tpdp fUtha;- gpuk;kh f;uhz];a m];tpNeh
Njth;fs;;
thNrh Njtjh t`;dp
`];jNahh; ,e;jpu,
ghjNahh; tp\;Z,
ghNahh; kpWj;A,
cg];j];a gpu[hgjp,
4
mh;rr
; pf;Fk; G+h;z Fk;gk;
Fk;gk; - cly;
Njq;fha; - jiyAk;.jpUKbAk;.
khtpiy - ril (mjpNy Njth;fs; thrk;nra;fpwhh;fs);
Rw;wpaEhy;- vOgj;juP hapuk; euk;Gfs;.
Rw;wpaMil- Njhy;
epug;gpaePh; - ,uj;jk;
jh;gi; g - FLkp
Fk;gj;jpy; ,lg;gl;lit - tPha ; k;
(nghd;.fhR.etuj;jpdk;.jputpak;)
etjhdpaq;fs;- Mrdq;fs;.(,Uf;if)
ney;.muprp- [Ptuhrpfs;
thioapiy - G+kp
cr;rupf;Fk;ke;jpuq;fs;- gpuhzd; (caph;)
(mUtkha; ,Uf;Fk; ,iwtid mUTUtha; Mf;FtJ
Fk;gj;jpNyjhd;.gpd; cUtkhd tpk;gj;jpy; Nrh;g;gNj
Fk;g mgpN\f jj;JtkhFk;.)
kq;fyitgtq;fspNy G+uzFk;gk; itg;gJ..,iwtd;
rhl;rpahf ,t;itgtk; elf;fpwJ vd;gjw;fhfTk;
,iwmUNshL cq;fisAk; tuNtw;fpNwhk;.
vd;gij Fwpg;gjw;FkhFk;.
NkYk; vl;Lkq;fyg;nghUl;fspy; Fk;gKk;
xd;whFk;.
rfyfhupaq;fSf;Fk; Kjypy; Gz;zp;ahfk;. h6d83b; h\Fk*- 5
tUzgfthd; h6y3l; h3hG3x;v83M -d8y3l; 1Fbx6X]F; -

by3l; v§3Gx6X]vµ83M -h6d83bB6 z]g[K1D-- ((v7m°3b1k)
h31D\d3kg]11FzD8; h\1c¢ j\:4h\y[D]9D, -
ehfghrk; kX8V z]c¥611FzD8; Tc¢;11z l6F\1FzD* -
h3x²91K3G9#]y3n2i kg81k vh¦ D[f9y* -- (z3D61n)
h6d83b1h\3md;Kv83; y]\K3K3; G y1l3D]b] - (y3l1d)
G - ghgehrj;ijAk; z;a - NjfRj;jpiaAk; `- ,lj;jpd;Rj;jpiaAk;

nra;tjhy; Gz;ahfk; vd nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
tUzFk;gj;jpd; mbg;ghfj;jpy; gpuk;khTk; eLtpy; tp\;ZTk; Fk;gtha;gFjpapy;
Uj;jpuDk;. gf;fq;fspy; ee;jpAk;.k`hfhsUk;. ePhpd;eLNt fq;if.aKid.eh;kij
ru];tjp.Nfhjhtup.fhNtuP.jhk;ugh;zP Mfpa VOGz;ajPh;j;jq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
vd thJshfkj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
Gz;ahfePh; njspf;fhky; ve;jf;fpupifAk; nra;jy;$lhJ.
Gz;ahfk; vd;gjpy; Kjypy; rq;fy;g;gk; tpehaftopghL. tUzFk;gG+i[ gQ;rft;a
G+i[.n[gk; vd;gd eilngw;W ePh;njspj;jyhFk;.
ePh;njspf;Fk; NghJ mNfhuh];jpu ke;jpuj;jpdhy; njspf;fg;gLk;.mg;gbnjspg;gjpdhy;
G+j gpNuj gprhRfspd; elkhl;lq;fs; tpyfptpLk;.VOjPh;j;jq;fspd; ePuhy; njspg;gjw;F
xg;ghFk;.
b6;HsB3v¦\k1B\d g7hF[1hG h7O1KM-

kfuthfdk;
q1U3l3v¦\ k1B\d 1h\3m1Ki‰6X z3l]d3 -- (z3D61n)

gQ;rft;ak; rKj;jpuq;fSf;Fk; ejpfSf;Fk; mjpgjpahd tUzdpd; kidtp
tpehafh; ngah; `h;~pzPNjtp . thfdk;-kfuk; jpf;F-Nkw;F
6
jpUtpsf;F F[h* fhiy khiy tPl;by; jPgk; Vw;wpitj;jth; rh;tkq;fsKk;

7
milth; .
cr;rpapy;- kNdd;kzpAld; nea;jj ; g
P k; - nry;tk; ngUFk;
rjhrptgpuk;kk; vs;vz;izjPgk; - jupj;jpuk; tpyFk; rdP]t ; ud;mUs;fpl;Lk;
Njq;fha;vz;iz - uhF NfJ Njh\q;fs; tpyFk;.
,Yg;ngz;iz - Fynja;tj;jpd; mUs;fpilf;Fk;.
Ie;JKfq;fspy;- fliyvz;iz-kuf;fwpvz;iz - Vw;wf;$lhJ. gPil jUk;
<];tupAld; <];tud;
gQ;Rj;jpupapy; Vw;WtJ - Rfk;.kq;fsk; fpilf;Fk;.
rptg;G jpup- jpUkzjil.FLk;kgpur;rid jPUk;.
kQ;rs;jpup - mk;kd; mUs; fpl;Lk;
nts;isj;jpup - nja;tf;Fw;wk; ePqF ; k;.
nts;nsUf;fk;jpup - J\;lMtpfs; tpyFk;.
jhkiuj;jz;Ljpup- yl;Rkpflhl;rk; fpilf;Fk;.
eLg;gFjp- =Njtp.G+NjtpAld; XUKfj; jPgk; - kdr;rQ;ryk; tpyfp Gfo;cz;lhFk;.
kfhtp\;Z ,UKfj;jg P k; - FLk;gxw;Wik.thf;Ftd;ik cz;lhFk;.
%d;WKfj;jg P k; - Co;tpidj; Njh\k; mfYk;.
ehd;FKfjPgk; - tPL.thfdk;. fhy;ril vd;gd tpUj;jpailAk;.
Ie;JKfjPgk; -rfyNjh\q;fisAk; ePff ; p nry;tk; ngUFk;.
ntWk;epyj;jpy; jPgj;ijitf;ff;$lhJ. thahy;jg

P j;ij mizf;f
$lhJ.
md;G.jd;dlf;fk .; epjhdk; ew;Fzk; rkNahrpjGj;jp vdIe;Jk;.
Xh;ngz;Df;F Ie;JKfjPgk; Vw;Wtjhy; cz;lhFk;.
thioapiyapy; kQ;rs;muprpgug;gp kz;..gpj;jis .nts;sp.
jPgq;fs; Vw;wpdhy; gy ed;ik cz;lhFk;.
mbg;ghfk;- ru];tjpAld; gpuk;kh xt;nthU khjKk; ngsh;zkp.mkhthirfspy; jPgG+i[
nra;tjhy; rfyed;ikfSk; fpilf;Fk;.
jhk;G+yk; (ntw;wpiy) D3;j7L3g] 1FzD3 - 8

D3;j7L31u\ z3d[v83M- D<k1g8 z1vL±m°[, -
k71L zvD] v31Oc¢3 Dv°3M k7LB6 zO91KM -- y3l1d=-
ntw;wpiyapd; Edpg;gFjpapy; - ru];tjpAk;@

eLg;ghfj;jpy; -- yl;RkpAk;@ fhk;Gg;gFjpapy; -%NjtpAk; trpf;fpwhh;fs;.
mjdhy; fhk;ig ePff ; ptplNtz;Lk;.
Kd;idAs;Nshh; ntw;wpiy NghLk;NghJ fhk;ig fps;spvwpe;Jtpl;L Edpiafps;sp Ge;jpapy; xl;btpLthh;fs;;
Vnddpy;@ru];tjpia Gj;jpapy; ,Uj;jNt.
NkYk; vy;yhj;nja;tq;fSf;Fk;
ieNtj;jpakhfgilf;fg;gLk; xNu
,iy-ntw;wpiyjhd;.
ntw;wpiaAk; kq;fyj;ijAk; jUk; ,iy
mjdhy;jhd;....ntw;wpiy itj;J miog;gJ
vd;Dk; rk;gpujhak; Ngzg;gLfpwJ.
ntw;wpiyNghLtJ vd;WVd;nrhy;fpwhh;fs;.
thapNy rhg;gpLtJ.vd ahUk;nrhy;tjpy;iy
fhuzk;..kq;fy myq;fhug;nghUs;
fhg;GNghLtJ..rq;fpyp NghLtJ Nghy
ntw;wpiyNghLtJ vd;whapw;W.
vkJrkaj;jpy; ntw;wpiy ,y;yhj fpupiffNd
,y;iy.
9
kq;fyj; Njhuzk; mkq;fyj; Njhuzk;
G3n›1yl h1D\d 1D3ld; hVFn3G]c6

vz9k;un y31K9c6 J7k2 Fx91G b6D3--
kq;fyj;NjhuzkhdJ njd;idkuj;jpd; kQ;rs;epw

FUj;Njhiyapy;; Ie;J jsq;fSld;,UKidfSk;
G+kpia ghh;fF
; k;tz;zk; fl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
fz;.fhJ.Njhy; ehf;F.%f;F.Mfpa QhNde;jpupaq;fshYk;

tha;.if.ghjk;.vUtha;.fUtha; Mfpa fh;Nke;jpupaq;fshYk;
k;.G+kpapy; tho;eJ
; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; ,iwtid Nehf;fpNa
vkJ nray;ghLfs; mikfpd;wd.vd;gij tpsf;FtJ.
fh;Nke;jpupaq;fs;
mkq;fyj;Njhuzk
jhuzk;
QNde;jpupaq;fs;
mwk;. nghUs; ,d;gk; mDgtpj;j Md;kh G+Tyf
tho;it Kbj;J NkYyftho;tpy; tPLNgw;iw Nehf;fp
- ,UtpidfSld; nrd;Wnfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
vd;gij tpsf;Fjy;.
khtpiy fl;Lk;NghJ..mjd;fhk;G Kd;gf;fk; vLj;Jf; Fj;J

jy; Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; nfhj;jhf fl;LjYk; ed;ikjUk;.
mkq;fyj;jpy; khtpiy fl;lf;$lhJ.
FU kfj;Jtk;. 10
QD°3D§9V hl3D§V QF]11x1zG h7O]D; - QF]11xz wD]1h\3{; vµx]z j\:1d3 u6l6 --

Md;khh;jj; khd G+i[fisAk; ehl;Lkf;fSf;fhf nra;ag;gLk; Mya guhh;jj ; G+i[Ak; Mjpirt me;jzh;
fs;jhd; nra;jy;Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs;jhd; rptd; vd;Wk; FUvd;Wk; gpuhkzh; vd;Wk; nfhs;sg;gLk;. vd;W
fhuzhfkk; epj;ahh;rdhtpjpglyj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.NkYk;.....
x]1zG v§3h]D; 11xz 11x1zG v§3h]D; x]z;- x]z11x³zz]x6X3D°3 x]zj\3:d ei81D--
rptdhy; irtKk; irtj;jhy; rptKk; Njhd;wpaJ. ,e;jrpt irt If;fpaj;jpy; Rj;jhj;khthf rptgpuhzh;
Njhd;wpdh; vdTk; fhuzhfk; $Wk;. mjdhy;jhd; FUgpuk;kh FUtp\;Z FUNjNth kNf];tuf.vd;W
$wg;gLfpwJ. mg;gbahd FUthdtUf;Fupa jFjpfsjFjpfs; gw;wpAk; rpthfkq;fs; $Wk;...
vy;yhrh];jpuq;fspYk; cs;s jj;Jtq;fs; Gupe;jtuhfTk;. Myark;ge;jKila fiyfspy; Njh;rr ; pAlatuhf
ehd;FjPli; r ngw;wtuhfTk; rpifAs;stuhfTk;(FLkp) Mfkk; Ntjk;.irtrpj;jhe;jk;.Mfpatw;wpy; ed;F
ghz;bjak; cs;stuhfTk; rkak;nrhy;Yk; MrhuxOf;fk; cilatuhfTk;. Fb .fsT .nfhiy. khkprk;.
ngha;$wy; mgprhuk; mw;wtuhfTk; if fhy; fz; Nghd;w vy;yh mtatq;fSk; gpd;dkpy;yhy;
Neh;jpahf cs;stuhfTk; vg;nghOJk; fz;lj;jpy; Uj;jpuhl;rk; mzpe;jtuhfTk;
jpUkzk;nra;J FLk;g];jh;fshf cs;sth;fNs Myaq;fspy; FUthf ,Uf;Fk;
jFjpAilath;fs; vd Mfkq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
F-vd;why; mf;Qhdk;. U-vd;why; ePfF ; gth;. kf;fSf;Nfw;gLk; re;Njfq;fis
mwpahikia ePff ; p MjhuG+h;tkhf tpsq;fitj;J Qhdj;ij nfhLg;gtNu FU.
mg;gbahd FUTf;F gopnra;jy; ,iwtDf;Fnra;tijtpl nfhLikahdJ.
Ntjthf;fpak;...
,iwtDf;F xUgopnra;jhy;..mg;gopePqf ; FUitf;nfhz;L gpuhar;rpj;
jk; nra;ayhk;. FUTf;Nf gopiar;nra;jhy;? ahuhYk; khw;wKbahJ..
11
-Mjpirtme;jzh; cs;sq;if-
kd]j1G© j\”:z]c¥6, - q;u61%D6 z]G3Ky, -
DO9G83; Wx²l1h\3{; -kg8k3K3; z4cv¦F3 -
qG3k]y3K3; 1Fz[i -yG]%3K3; u6bv¦f3 -
ylk1g8 zGª]xˆ - h\1% i#\ v7K9y, -
1lY3v6 vz91Fz3xˆ -zvB], G v;xK, -
QF]11xzv8 h7O3i vz9v]X]yl[v°4D3 -- (h7z9y3l1d)
kzpf;fl;by; - gpuk;khTk; tp\;ZTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.

fl;iltpuypy; - tpehafUk;
Ml;fhl;btpuypy; - <];tuDk;
eLtpuypy; - tpU\gNjtUk;
Nkhjputpuypy; - mk;gpifAk;
rpd;dtpuypy; - KUfDk;
cs;sq;ifeLtpy; - mf;fpdp gfthDk;
gpd;gf;fk; - #upare;jpuUk;
efq;fspy; - el;rj;jpuq;fSk;
Nuiffspy; -rh;tNjth;fSk; trpf;fpwhh;fs;.re;Njfk;,y;iy.
MjpirtFUkhh;fspd;(me;jzh;); G+i[jhd;
vy;yhtpjkhd rpj;jpfisAk; juty;yJ. vd
fhuzhfkk; $Wk;.
kb3Ud¡3
12
ngupakzp Quk3f9B6 1Fz3G3; ukG3f9B6 l3mv3;
y61z9Ud¡3lz; DD\ 1Fzj3b²3G y3ld* --
Njth;fis tutiof;fTk; mRuh;fis tpul;lTk;

kzpabg;gjpd; fhuzkhFk;.
vª3G3F2 i DF1Bi b8i9G31B D11fzi-

11G1zF83F2 1i3Dµt3F2 DF1B GD9G3B1y-
tzk3f]c6 y31Lc6 kb3Ud¡3B6 D3s1KM--
mgpN\f Muk;gj;jpYk;.KbtpYk;. mh;ridKbtpYk;

ieNtj;jpafhyj;jpYk; cw;rtj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpYk;
KbtpYk;eh;j;jdj;jpd; KbtpYk;.ngupakzp
mbf;fNtz;Lk;.
Xq;fhu ehj Xir Cnuy;yhk; Nfl;f vq;Fk; ,iw
rpe;ij Vw;gLk;.
ifkzp - DG6Ud¡3 Quk3f9B6 1Fz3G3; ukG3f9B6 l3mv3;-

13
rpurpy;- Uj;jpud;. gpd;gf;fk;- tpU\gNjth; y61z9Ud¡3lz;DD\ 1FzF3b²3G y3ld*--
Njth;is tutiof;fTk;>mRuh;fis tpul;lTk;

kzpabg;gjpd; fhuzkhFk;.
fOj;jpy;-tp\;Z
Koq;fhypy;- gpuk;kh vBD; D3s1KMUd¡3 vz9z]Uª G]z3ld;-
Ud¡3D3sGb[G; KMyk9DM G]c¬L; J1zM--
vg;nghOJk;G+i[apy; kzpmbg;gjhy; vy;yhtpj tpf;dq;

fSk; ePqf
; ptpLk;. kzpr;rj;jk; ,y;yhJnra;Ak; fhupaq;
jz;lj;jpy;- rptd; fs; gadw;Wg;NghFk;.
tyG3FB6 1k3m3f9;- ~]G3F; 1J3uv]X1K-
G3FD\K; vz9v]11X8 Ud¡3G3F HL;J1zM--
ehsj;jpy;- gpuk;kh ,e;jpud;Kjyhd xUjhs XirAld; kzpmbg;gjhy; Nkhl;rKk;.,Ujhs

Njth;fs; XirAld; mbg;gjhy; Nghfq;fSk;>%d;WjhsXirAld;
mbg;gjhy; rfyrpj;jpfSk; cz;lhFk;.
vy;yh thj;jpaq;fspYk; Kjd;ikahdJk; Xq;fhuehj

kha; tpsq;FtJk; kzpXirahFk;.
kzpthapy- thANjtd;;
kzpehf;fpy;- ru];tjp ehf;FEdpapy;-NrhkNjtd;

nja;tPf ,irthj;jpaq;fs; ... ee;jpthj;ak; - kpUjq;fk; (kj;jsk;) 14
rptngUkhDila 108 jhz;ltj;jpd;NghJ gpuk;kNjtupdhy;; kz;Zk; nghd;Dk; fye;j cUthf;fg;gl;lNj

kpUjq;fk;.
( kpWj; - kz; jq;fk; - nghd; - kpUj;jq;fk; ) ,jid ee;jpNjth; ,iwtdUshy; Kiwg;gb rptdpd;
jhz;ltj;jpd; NghJ thrpj;jhh;. rpNthw;rtq;fspYk;
eNlrh; cw;rtq;fspYk; kpUjq;f thj;jpaj;Jld;
tPjptyk; tUjy; rpwg;ghFk;.
Uj;jpud;
tp\;Z
gpuk;kh
re;jpud; #upad;
gpuztk;
];fe;jh; tpehafh;
; ; thh;-m\;lehfq;fs;
Myaq; f spy; kpUjq; f ,ir thrpg; g J ,iwtDf; F kfpo; r ; r pjUk; .

<oey;Yhh;.rpthfktprhuj-Kj;jopo;FUkzp- fiykhkzp Dr..v];.v].FU[P - Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-3
1Jl]y3l7h;
15
Ngupfh &gk;
,lJtisak;- gpuk;kh Uj;jpud; tp\;Z tyJ tisak; fl;lg;gl;l thh;Njhypy; - m\;lehfq;fs
s;
#upad; re;jpud; 1.mde;jd;. 2.thRfp 3.jl;rfd; 4.fhh;Nfhlfd;.
5.rq;fghyd; 6.Fspfd;. 7.gj;kd; 8.k`hgj;kd;
NguP Njtijahdth;...rq;F.rf;fuk;.jpup#yk; Mfpa%d;W
fz;fs; cilatuha;@ lq;fk;-#yhAjk;-jz;lk;-jhsk;
Mfpatw;iw ifapy; Ve;jpatuha; %d;Wfhy;fs; cila
tuha; jhkiuMrdj;jpy; vy;yhyl;rzq;fSk; nghUe;jpa
NguPNjtijia vg;nghOJk; jpahdpg;Nghkhf.
G+Nyhfk;.Rth;f;fk;.ghjhsk; vy;yh,lKk; trpg;gtuhfpa

NguPNjtijahdth; jkJ yaehjj;jhy; %Tyfpy; cs;s
J\;lNjtijfisAk; jPadtw;iwAk; ePf;Ffpwhh;.
mjdhy;jhd;.Myaq;fspy; jTy; G+[pf;fg;gl;L thrpf;fg;
gLfpwJ.
jz;lj;jpy;... Nfhzq;fspy;--];fe;jh;
rg; j khjhf; f s;
1;.gpuhk;kp
2.khNf];tup NguP %d;Wtifg;gLk;.
3.nfskhup 1.Njtkq;fs Ngupif 2. uh[kq;fsNgupif
4.it\;ztp 3. mkq;fy Ngupif.
5.thuhfp
6.khNfe;jpup 1Jl]y3 g83G*
7.rhKz ;b
G3F; y]l[ak]D86{; x7L3v¦\V Oh3G]J; -
x;Y; iy\; D]\x7L3m; a;Y; Fd£3K6g; y11l, -
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kq;fy (ehj];tu) uhfNjtij (ehjk;+];tuk;) 16

rPthsp
rPthsp rPthspapd; fPo; gFjpapy;- m\;lehfq;fs;...
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3. jf;\fehfk; 4. fhh;Nfhlfehfk;
5. rq;fghyehfk;. 6. Fspfehfk;.
7. gj;kehfk; 8.k`hgj;kehfk;.
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];tu Jthuk; kaq;fhj ehfq;fs; ehj];tu ,irf;F
kl;LNk kaq;fp MLk;.
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,dpikahfRuj;ij thrpj;J fhz;gpj;jhh;.
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top fijAk; cz;L.
,irtbthd fiythzpNa vy;yhf;fiy
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ijtjk; Ffpwhs; vd NtjGuhzq;fs; $Wk;.
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mz];R kj;akk; XirNa ,iw,d;gk; jUk;.
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mzRghfj;jpy;-kfhtp\;Z up\gk;
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72 Nksfh;jj
; uhfq;fs;
nja;tPf ,irthj;jpaq;fs; ... tPzh (tPiz) Vfhe;jthj;jpak; 17

,e;j gpugQ;rj;jpd; caph;ehbahf tpsq;FtJ gpuztk;. gpuhzthA mf;dpAld; fye;J cUthf;FtNj ehjk;.
,e;jehjg;gpuk;kk; caph;fsplj;jpy; ehgpapy; Njhd;wp ,jaj;jpd;%yk; caph;gG ; va;jp njhz;ilf;Fop topahf
,iraha; ntspg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,irAk; Xh; Ntjk;. ,ir kf;fSf;Fk; ,iwmUSf;Fk; MjhukhFk;NghJ
Nts;tpahfpwJ.,irahy; kf;fisAk; ,iwtidAk; trkhf;fyhk;.
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fiythzpahfpa ru];tjpf;F mspj;jhh;.ngUk;rptgf;jdhfpa ,yq;ifkd;dd; uhtNz];tud; ,iwtd; Kj
ypy; ,irj;j tPidia jdJehl;bd; Njrpanfhbahf Mf;fpdhd; jhDk; (ehl;Lkf;fSk;) tPiz,irgapd;W
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ehujUk; Jk;GUTk; vg;nghOJk; thrpg;ghh;fs;.,irf;F jiyahftpsq;Fk; rg;j];tuq;fSk; ,iwtd; jpUKf
myq;fhukhf vOe;jit. ] --rh;gg
; k; up --Uj;jpuhl;rk; f --fq;if k --kpWfk;; (rptd;ifapYs;skhd;)
g --G\;gk;. j --jkUfk;(cLf;if) ep -eprhfud;. (epyT.re;jpud;) ,JNt 7 ];tuq;fshapd.
Uj;jpudhy; ,irf;fg;gl;ljhy; Uj;jputPid vdngah;te;jJ. ru];tjptPiz thzp thrpg;gjhy; ngah;ngw;wJ.
gupthjpdp vd;Dk;ti P d gy;ytd; kNfe;jputh;kd t ; hrpj;J Gfoile;jhd;.jl;rpzh%h;jj; pAk; tPizthrpf;fpwhh;.
clypYk; KJFg;gf;fj;ij tPdhjz;lk; vd $Wth;
kuf;Fjpiu
; jpUFkzp njhLg;G
nkl;Lf;fs;
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Myaq; f spy; tP i z,ir thrpg; g J ,iwtDf; F kfpo; r ; r pjUk; .

18
rptdpd; 108 jhz;ltj;jpd;NghJ vl;Lf;fuq;fisAila
ghzhRud; vd;gtd; thrpf;Fk; gQ;rKf thj;jpak;
rq;fepjp gJkepjp
gQ;rKfthj;jpak;
ahfrhiyapy; rptd; thj;jdpia ,izf;Fk; Qhdfl;fk;. 19

Qhdfl;fk; /3GYs…*-
ca=0D]\;xM FJ9 v;u4b8 /3GYa…; y4Z3 -
Kg;gj;jhW jh;gi
; gfshy; Qhdfl;fk;nra;f.
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4 mq;Fyk; D3L3k3D\ v1k31hD; y3l1K1~d]j@G;-
bv¦v;u\bd3f93K k1X81zF3;u6L; J1zM--
h3x²91K3~98;u6L;1h\3{; D11fzh6i‰v;K6D*-
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; mfd;W Ez;zpakhf ,Ug;gJ Qhdk;.
mwpahik vd;Dk; ,Uisntl;Lk; Qhdths;.
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2 mq;Fyk;
36 jh;igfshy; gpd;dg;gl;l Qhdfl;fj;jpd;
jhykhj;uk; Edpg;ghfk; 4 mq;Fyk; cilajhTk;. Kbr;R
mjpy; miug;gq;Fk;. ,uz;Lgf;fq;fspYk;
rkdhd ehf;F Nghd;w tioT cilajhAk;
fl;lg;glNtz;Lk;. ifgpbg;gjw;fhf eLNt 4
mq;FyKilajhfTk; gf;fq;fspy; jhykhj;jpu
4 mq;Fyk;. msT 2mq;FyKilajhfTk; gpd;dg;gl;lNj
Qhdfl;fk; MFk;.
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nghUl;L ,iwtd; Ie;JKfk; gj;JiffSld;
; ahfj;jpy; ahNf];tu ahNf];tupahf mjp\;bj;J
epd;W mUsNt ,UtiAk;,izj;J Qhdfl;fk; rkh;gpf;fg;gLk;
20
kpWj;rq;fpufzk; (kz;vLj;jy;) Kisg;ghypifNghLtjw;fhf kz;izg;Gdpjkhf;fp vLg;gJ
k4Dµ;u\bd z]g],-
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6 2 7 8 9
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xd;gJ #j;jpu kz;^fgj th];Jkz;lyk;. kd£7yhF*- 21
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th];Jg+i[ %d;Wtpjk;
tpjk - 1.ruth];Jg+i[ 2; ];jputh];J G+i[ 3.cgath];J G+i[
ruth];J - gpuk;khKjy; Nyhfghyh;tiu G+[pg;gJ..

,J vw;rt fhyq;fspy; nra;ag;gLtJ.
];jputh];J- Nyhfghyh;Kjy; gpuk;kh\;lfk;tiu G+[pg;gJ.

,J gpujp\;lh fhyq;fspy; nra;ag;gLtJ.
cgath];J- Kjypy; gpuk;kh\;lfj;ij G+[pj;J gpd; gpuk;khitAk;

Nyhfghyh;Kjy; \l;gjk;tiu G+[pg;gJ
,J gpuhar;rpj;jq;fspy; nra;ag;gLtJ.
gukrhapgj th];Jrhe;jp (gj;J#j;jpuq;fis (86gjq;fs;.) nfhz;lJ) 22

1Fz[G3; qG8x{[G3; x6J; hlk x3K]y, -- – äi]B83u1k å
1Fz[G3; hlkx3K]y3 -- – ä y3ld3u1k å
NjtpMyaq;fspy; gpujp\;il cw;rtk;. Ehjd fpupah fhyq;fspYk; gukrhapgj th];J
nra;jy;Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;@ KUfd; Myaj;jpYk; gukrhapgj th];Jrhe;jp nra;a tpjpAk; cz;L.
G+kpia Rj;jk;nra;tjw;fhfTk; G+kpapy;Vw;gLk; mguhjq;fs; Nghf;fTk; ,f;fpupif nra;ag;gLk;.

uf;N\hf;d N`hkkz;lyk;. Fk;ghgpN\f fpupiffspy; uf;N\hf;dN`hkKk; xd;W. 23
l3mv3v6l G3x3f9; y6K93Ml1m3Uª 1b3ky*-- äv²3K;J61zå
uhf;\rh;fs; mRuh;fs; MfpNahupd; jPikfs; mopTf;fhf ,f;fpupif nra;ag;gLk;.
uf;N\hf;d Njtij
rjhrptd;
fl;fk;
ehspNfuk;
uf;N\hf;d Fk;gk;
h\1zxjL], -
24
gpuNtrgyp
O²l3F] kl1d1F1x OG3G3; 1l3uh[s1G- hx²3F]kl1dh\31h¦ l3Oh[s3F] y3l1d-
yc9d3F] h\D]c¢3B Da3yzGy3K91y - vz9G7DG y31K9c6 h\1zxjL]l6i81D -- äv²3K;J61zå
ehl;by;thOk; kf;fSf;F [;tuk;Ngd;wtw;why; kuzk;tuhkYk;.Neha;fs;tuhkYk; ehd;Ffhy; gpuhzpfSf;Fkuzk; vd;gd
tuhkYk;.ehl;ilMo;gtDf;F Neha;tuhkYk; ,Uf;f..GjpaMyaeph;khzg;gzpfs; njhlf;fk;Fk;ghgpN~fk; tiuapYk; NtW
ve;jnthU Gjpjhd fhupak; nra;ag;gLfpwNjh mt;Ntis gpuNtrgypnra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.vd;fpwJ.];thak;Gtk;vDk;Mfkk;
gpuk;kre;jp- (NfhGuthrYf;fUfpy;) ,q;Nf vl;bjo;gj;kj;jpd;
fhsp ruyP tLfiguth; eLNt kfhyyl;Rkp.vl;L,jo;fspYk; KiwNa.. mzpkh.
k`pkh.y`pkh.fupkh.<rpj;Jt.trpj;t.gpuhg;jp.gpuhfhk;a.
Mfparf;jpfis G+[pf;f.
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Nfhzk;. Njtij-af;\rd;.
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thAjpf;F FNgujpf;F <rhdjpf;F
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gpuk;kuhl;rrd; k`hyl;Rkp af;\rd; tl;lf;Nfhzk;. Njtij-uhf;\]d;.
akre;jp - (njw;F) ,jpNy mWNfhzk; my;yJgQ;rNfhzk;
Njtij-rh;tG+jd;.
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Nfhzk;. Njtij-gprh]d;
tUzre;jp- (Nkw;F) ,jpNy-jrNfhzk;.my;yJgQ;rNfhzk;
tUzjpf;F gpuk;krejp ,e;jpujpf;F my;yJ tRNfhzk;. Njtij- gpuk;kuhl;r]d;.
thAre;jp -(tlNkw;F) ,jpNy ghDNfhzk; my;yJ.N\hlr
gprhrd; G+jhrdd; uhf;\rd; Nfhzk;. Njtij- fhsP
FNgure;jp- (tlf;F) mjpNy. jpupNfhzk;.
Njtij -ruy;ad;.
<rhdre;jp -(tlfpof;F) \l;jpupk;rj;Nfhzk;.my;yJjpupNfhzk;
Njtij- tLfiguth;.
epWjp jpf;F [kjpf;;F mf;epjpf;F
tpehafUf;Fupa m\;lkq;fyk;. u1dx3%k;un* - 25
%\pfk;
rj;uk; (Fil)
gj;kk;(fkyk;)
uj;dFk;gk;
fl;thq;fk;
fhh;Kfk;(tpy;)
je;jk;
mq;Frk;
me;jzh;fSf;Fupa m\;lkq;fsk;. ~]O3% k;un* - 26

hD3y3 x;Y iy\V h7d9y6;J; v hD\y; -iF\; Lm°[ h\F[hV ~]O3G3; q%k;un* --
äh7z9y3l1då
nfhb rq;F rf;fuk;. G+h;zFk;gk;
gj;jpuk; Fil yl;Rkp jPgk;

murh;fF
; upa m\;lkq;fyk;.. l3O3% k;un* 27
1Jl[ z41c3 uO11xˆz i3kl[ 1yvl[ pc, -hD3y3i h\F[hV J7J6O3k% k;un*-
Ngupif.vUJ. ahid rhkiu rpq;fk; Fjpiu nfhb tpsf;F ,it murUf;Fupa m\;lkq;fyk;.(fhuzhfkk;)
Ngup vUJ ahid rhkiu
rpq;fk; Fjpiu nfhb tpsf;F

x7F\3d3; q%k;un* -
28
NtshsUf;Fupa m~;lkq;fyk;.
Fh9d; h7d9y6;JV hD3y3 iD\ 1Jl]y3 ->[zDµ;v²v¦]y; hF°; x7F\3d3; q%k;un* --y3l1d
fz;zhb. G+h;zFk;gk; nfhb. Fil Ngupif =tj;rk;.];t];jpfh jhkiu .,it NtshsUf;Fupa m~;lkq;fyk;..
(,J G+h;tfhuzhfkj;jpy; ,Ue;J fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ.)
. fz;zhb. G+h;zFk;gk; nfhb Fil
kq;fsNgup =tj;rk; ];t];jpfh jhkiu

1Fz83% k;un*
(G+h;tfhuzhfkj;jpy;)
Njtp m\;lkq;fsk;. 29
k;un; x{] y6;JV yayV v1l3l6b; i3kl; k6y6l11Vz F[1h31Fz83% k;un* --

jhyp.Njtprf;jpMAjk;.Fk;gk;.flfk;. jhkiu rhkiu fz;zhb.jPgk; ,itfs; Njtpf;Fupa m\;lkq;fsk;.
jhyp rf;jp Fk;gk; iftis
jhkiu rhkiu fz;zhb jPgk;

1Fz3% k;un* -
30
Njth~;lkq;fyk;.
Fh9d; h7d9y6;JV z4cJ; K6u°i3kl*- >[zDµ; v²v¦]y; x;Y; F[h; 1Fz3%k;un* --y3l1d
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nghUl;fs;MFk;..kw;wj;nja;tq;fSf;F tpU~gj;jpw;F gjpyhf me;je;j nja;tj;jpd; thfdq;fs Nrh;ff
; g;gLk;.
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jh;g;gzk; Fk;gk; tpU\gk; rhkiu
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31
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Ez9x[g4D 1kGy3g4D l;J3g4D D]1L3D¦k3g4D
Fh91d h7d9y6;1J z4c1J K6u°i3k1l
fz;zhbia Ve;Jk;Ch;trp Fk;gj;ijVe;Jk; Nkdif tpU\gj;ijVe;Jk; uk;gh rhkiuVe;Jk; jpNyhj;jkh.

m\;lkq;fyj;ij jhq;Fk; Njtfd;dpah;. q%k;un*- 32

v6k6Y[g4D v6#l[g4D y3k6Y[g4D y3kzX9G[g4D
>[z1Dµ v²v¦]1y x;1Y F[1h
=tj;rk; jhq;Fk; ];t];jpfj;ij jhq;Fk; rq;ifVe;Jk; jPgj;ijVe;Jk;

RKfP Re;jup fhKfP fhkth;jdp
jrhAjq;fs;..... zO\; xy¦]V Fd£V Yaƒ; h3x3;y6xBf3 - 33
uF3 D]\x7L; iy\V hF°11Vz Fx3K6D* --
t[; u hAjk; rf; j pahAjk; jz; l hAjk; fl; f hAjk;
gpurd;dh &gpzP jhupzP tpKfP
gpurd;dhj;kf rf;jp fpWjahj;kf rf;jp Nfhghj;kfrf;jp Fzhj;kfrf;jp

jrhAjq;fs;.....njhlh;r;rp..... zO\; xy¦]V Fd£V Yaƒ; h3x3;y6xBf3 äg²O;å - 34
uF3 D]\x7L; iy\V hF°11Vz Fx3K6D* --
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eph;kyP Jh;kyP kjpf;fpuhfP
Nfhkshj;krf;jp tp\hj;kfrf;jp kfhj;krf;jp

35
36
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mk;G tpy; rf;uk; ths; Nflak;

nja;t MAjq;fs;. njhlh;r;rp... 39
guR fUk;Gtpy; rq;F G\;gghzk; Nfhlup
mf;\khiy rhkuk; m6upfk; jPmfy; tPzh

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nfhb];jk;gk; ];jk;gk; gpujp\;il 42

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; Ntz;Lk;. kzpG+ufk; g;gl;lnghUl;fs;Md;khf;fs; tpUk;Gk;Nghfq;fisAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
nfhbr;ri P yf;Fs; jh;igf;fapw;iw cs;Nsitj;J KWf;Fjy;
Ntz;Lk;.Vnddpy; fz;Zf;Fg;Gyg;glhj ghrk; rPiyahfpa
Md;khitcs;spUe;J Kwpf;fpf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij
];thjp\;lhdk; Gyg;gLj;jNtahFk;.rpyh; jk;gj;jpy; jh;igf;fapw;iw fl;Lfpwhh;
fs;.mJ jtwhFk;.(Vnddpy;.rptid ghrk;gw;wpaJNghy;MFk;)
ghrj;jpy; mfg;gl;l Md;kh gjpia gw;wpg;gpbf;f [Pthd;kh
ghrk;kiwe;J gukhj;khTld; ,izfpwJ.,JNt rpj;jhe;jk;.
g83G*- ty3v8h3F; ~]Dl;D]\1dD\; 1l3k3zL[l3O]DFJ9k3L3;
%yhjhuk; 1x²D3;u l7h; v²yG3J]y3K3 k3l7shF°3vG Fd£l7h*-- (
43
rptd;.mk;ghs; nfhbr;rPiy
j;Jt[ MNuh`zk;
%d;Wehbfs;-
1. ROKid 2. ,il
3. gpq;fiy ,it %yhjhuj;jpy;
Fz;lypdpapy;,Ue;J Nky;Nehf;fp
rf];uhuk; tiu tUknghOJ
,iwQhdk; guKj;jpfpilf;fpwJ.
mjdhyjhd; nfhbr;ri P y.fapW
njh;ig Mfpa%d;Wk; Nky;Nehf;fp
nry;fpwJ.
eLtpy; tiuag;gl;l Md;khthfpa
gR gukrptdpd; jpup#yKj;jpiu
iar; neQ;rpNy Rke;Jnfhz;L
cyf ge;j ghrq;fspy;,Ue;J
tpLgl;L jpUtUl;rf;jpapd; JizNahL
guKj;jpehbr;nry;YfpwJ.
44
tpehafh; nfhbr;rPiy Jh;fi

; f-fhsp-khup nfhbr;rPiy
Njh; (ujk;) NjUf;Fupakuq;fs;-rhytpUl;rk;.ehty;.rhuk;.kfpo;.mh;AdJhjk; 45
gh;guk;.tpahf;uP.fUq;fhyp.fpU\PupzP.fpUruk;
fpUjkhyk;.td;dp.Mfpa kuq;fs;
rJutbthd Njh;- eg];tugj;jpufk; vd;Wk;. mWNfhztbthd Njiu - gpughQ;rdgj;ufk; vd;Wk; $Wth;.
NkYk;...tpjhdgj;ufk;.gtdgj;ufk;. gpU\jgj;ufk;.re;jpugj;ufk;.mepygj;ufk;
vd Ie;Jtif Njh;fs; Mfkq;fspy; $wg;gLfpwJ.
epj;Nahw;rtj;jpw;F- Ie;Jrpy;Yila Njh;. kN`hw;rtj;jpw;F 6Kjy; 10 rpy;
nfhz;l Njh;mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.
rptDf;F- 9 NtjpifAilaNjUk;.kw;wnja;tq;fSf;F 5 NtjpifAila
NjUk; mikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Njupy;.. Ff;\p. mf;\k;. je;jk;. rpj;uk;. fPyk; vd5tifcWg;Gf;fs;cz;L.
#upare;jpuh;fs; - rpy;YfshfTk;.
G+Nyhfk; - Njupd;jl;lhfTk;.
64fiyQhdq;fs;-Njupd; KidfshfTk;.
Rth;fk; - MrdgPlkhfTk;.
Ntjhq;fq;fs;; - Nky;tpl;lkhTk;.
,kakiy - myq;fhu Kd;cWg;Gf;fs;.
cjafpupia .nfhbfshfTk;
mz;lq;fs; - khiyfshfTk;.
el;rj;jpuq;fs;- tpjhdkhTk;.
rg;jrKj;jpuq;fs;- myq;fhuJzpfshfTk;.
rg;jjPh;j;jq;fs;-rhkiufshfTk;
Ntjq;fs; FjpiufshfTk;
tRf;fs; fbthsq;fshfTk;
cgepljq;fs; kzpfshfTk;.
gpuk;kh rhujpahfTk;.
gpuztk; rTf;fhfTk;.mikAk;
Kj;jpuhyl;rzk; 46
];jhgdk;
Mthfdk;; re;epjhdk; re;epNuhjdk;
;(rhe;epj;ak;ngWjy;) (mUs;GupaNtz;Ljy;)
;(tutioj;jy;;) ;(mkUk;gbNtz;Ljy;)
gj;kk; jpup#yk;
jpf;ge;jdk; NjDKj;jpiu
(mUSf;F,ilA+Wtuhky; (jhkiukyh;
fl;Ljy;) (fhkNjDtpd;ghyhy;
ghjq;fis mgpN\fpj;jy;)
rkh;g;gpj;jy;) (#yk;rkh;g;gpj;jy;)
Kj;jpuhyl;rzk; 47
`k;rKj;jpiu kpWfPKj;jpiu mtFz;ldk; epuPf;\zk;
(Rw;wpg;guhkupj;jy;)
(md;dj;ij Fwpf;Fk;) (khdpd;milahsk;) FU jkJ mUl;ghh;iyahy;
N`hkfhupaj;jpy; tpG+jpnfhLj;jy; ,lj;ijRw;wp
ghJfhj;jy; cw;W Nehf;Fjy;
jhdpak;.rkpj;J G+mh;rid
mf;fpdpapy;,Lk;NghJ Fk;gjPghjpfs;,k;
ghtpg;gJ Kj;jpiuahy;
nra;jy;Ntz;Lk;
fw;G+ujPgkfpik.. 48
vy;yhj;jg
P q;fspYk; fw;G+ujPgNk tpN\lkhdjhFk;.rpthfkq;fs; nrhy;Yk; fw;G+uePuhQ;rdk; jw;nghOJ Myaq;f
spy; (Gifmjpfk;tUtjhfr;nrhy;yp) fhl;lg;gLtjpy;iy. 100 Njq;fha;vz;izj; jPgk;Vw;Wjy;>; XUnea;jg P k; Vw;
WjYf;F rkd;. 100 nea;jg P k; Vw;Wjy; XU fw;G+u jPgj;jpw;F rkkhFk;.; ,g;gbkfpikAs;sJ fw;G+ujPgk;.
ntz;ikahd fw;G+ukhdJ Md;khf;fspd; ntz;zpwkhd rhj;tf P Fzk;Nghy Mtjw;Fk;> fw;G+ukhdJ mf;fpdp

NahL Nrh;ej ; Jk; cUfp jd;tbtk;khw;wp N[hjptbkha; tpsq;Fjy;Nghy Md;khf;fs; rptQhdhf;dp gw;wpaJk;
kdKUfp gRj;Jtk; ePqf ; p rptj;Jtjd;ik miljiyf;Fwpf;Fk;.NkYk;> fw;G+uk; ahnjhUgw;Wkpy;yhky; jd;tb
tk;KOJk; fiuag;ngw;W Mfhaj;jpy; fye;J mj;Jtpjkha; tpsq;FtJNghy> mij Vw;Wtjhy;...Md;khf;fs;
];Jhy #f;\k ; fhuz ruPuq;fs; fiuag;ngw;W vy;yhtpj Mrhghrq;fs;eq P f
; g;ngw;W rpjhfhrj;NjhL mj;Jtpj
kha; ,iwad;gpy; Ngupd;gngUtho;T milthh;fs;. vd;gij czh;jJ ; fpd;wd.
fU G+Nuhk; ,d;ndhU fw;gj;jpy; G+ukhl;Nlhk;. fw;G+uk; Vw;wpdhy; vkJghtq;fs; fiutNjhL ,dpxU
fw;gj;jpy;nrd;W gpwf;fkhl;Nlhk. vd;gij Fwpj;Jepw;Fk;.
fw;G+uk; gw;wp jpUKiwfspy;...
1. mf;fpdpf;fw;G+uj;ij awtpOq;fpf; nfhz;lhw;Nghd;

kf;fpdk; gl;Ls;Ns kUtpapUe;jhz;b - gl;bdj;jhh;ghly;.
2. jPaizahf;fw;G+uk; jPgnkd ehd;fz;l

NrhjpAld;xd;Wpj jpuprWg;gnjd;ehNsh...- jhAkhdth;;
vdNt..vkJgpwtpg;gpzpia mfw;wty;yJ fw;G+ujPgNk

fw;Gurl;bvLj;J topgLjy; ngz;fSf;F fhtbtopghLNghd;wjhFk;
kdpjNjfj;jpy; Mwhjhuq;fs;..... gpuk;kue;jpuk; 49
mFsgj;kk;.(rf];uhuk;)
Mf;iQ
GUtkj;jp
tpRj;jp.(fz;l];jhdk;)
,jDila jdpj;jdp tpsf;fq;fs;
mLj;j gf;fq;fspy;.
meh`jk; (`;Ujafkyk;)
kzpg+ufk;.(ehgp];jhdk;)
Rthjp];jhdk; (Fj];jhdk;)
%yhjhuk; (Fz;lypdprf;jp)
Fsgj;kk;
Mwhjhuk;...(tpupthf;fk;) 50
,J rJutbTilaJ. jk; Jk; kk; Kk; lk; Lk; vd;Dk;

MWvOj;Jf;fSila Mwpjo;f;fkyk;.,q;Nf fhaj;jpup.rhtpj;jpup
1.%yhjhuk
1.%yhjhuk;(Fz;lypdprf;jp) rNkjuhf gpuk;khtPw;wpUf;fpwhh;.,Jypq;f];jhdj;jpy; cs;sJ.
2.];thjp\;lhdk
hdk; (ypq;f];jhdk;)
,J Kf;NfhztbTilaJ.tk;-xk;-ck;-vk;-vd;Dk; ehd;F
vOj;Jf;fSld;$ba 4 ,jo;fkyk;.nghd;dpwk;.tPzhjz;lj;jpd;
mbg;ghfj;jpy;cs;sJ.,q;Nf rpj;jpyl;Rkp ty;yigrf;jprNkj
uhf %yhjhufzgjp tPww ; pUf;fpwhh;.,JNt Xq;fhu tbthd
Fz;lypdp rf;jpahFk;.
Mwhjhuk;....njhlh;rr
; p.. 4. mdhfjk
mdhfjk;(`pUja];jhdk;) 51
3.kzpG+ufk
3.kzpG+ufk;.(ehgp];jhdk;) ,J mWNfhztbTilaJ.y; Y; u; U; ?;
i; o; O; p; P; a; A; vd;Dk;12 ml;ruq;fs;
cilafkyk;. ,jpy; nfsupmk;gpifAld; tpU\g
thfdj;jpy; Uj;jpu%h;jj
; p tPww
; pUf;fpd;whh;.
kzpG+ufk; tpWj;jtbtk;.,jpy;..s; S; d; D; f; F;
g; G; h; H; vd;Dk; 10 ml;ruq;fSld;$ba fkyj;jpy;
jhuh yl;Rkp rNkjuhf kfhtp\;Z tPww ; pUf;fpwhh;.
,J njhg;gps;];jhdkhFk;.
Mwhjhuk;....njhlh;rr
; p.. 6.Mf;iQ (GUtkj;jp) 52
5.tpRj;jp.p.(fz;l];jhdk;)
,J fz;l];jhdj;jpy;...q; Q; w; W; e;
E; r; r’; R;R’; t; 1t; T; T2;
q; q, vDk; 16 ml;ruq;fSld; $ba fkyj;jpd;
eLNt cd;kdP thf;thjpdPrNkjuhf kN`];tuh;
tPw;wpUf;fpwhh;.
Mf;iQ-GUtkj;jpapy; ..n; m; vd;Dk; ,uz;L

ml;ruq;fSld; $ba ,U,jo;ff ; kyj;jpy; kNdhd;;
kzp>jh;krf;jp rNkjuhf rjhrpth; tPww
; pUf;fpwhh;.
Mwhjhuq;fSf;FNky; ..Jthjrhe;jk;... mFsgj;kk; 53
(rpu];Rf;FNky;12mq;Fyk;)
mq;Nf....Mauk; ,jo;fSila rf];jpujsgj;kj;jpy; MjpNjtuhfpa rptngUkhd; rpj;nrh&gkha;>ep\;fs&gkha;

#f;\k
; Njfpaha; vy;yhk;mwpAk; rh;tf;Quha; MWFzq;fshy; epuk;gg;ngw;wtuha; eph;kyuha; Qhd%h;jj
; paha;
Ntjrhukha; guhj;gukha; tpsq;Ffpwhh;.
G]D8x6X j6X1j3g G]z]9y3l G]k9L; -

qD8d6h\k3dF]z8 1FbF[h¦ kz8K;-
/3Gx3m] l7h1bD6 v3m]v3gG3D«l; -
QD]1Fz k7L1zF v3l1kz i]B1KM --
mjPj];jhdk;
54
Mrhh;a cw;rtj;jpy; Dr.FU[P kN`hw;rtj;jpy; Dr.FU[P
Ehiyg;ghuhl;b
fiykhkzp
Dr..v];.v].FU[P
mth;fSf;F
nghd;dhil
Nghh;j;jp khiy
mzptpf;fpwhh;..
uh[g;ghFUf;fs;
Mfkr;rpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-1 ntspaPlL
; tpohtpy; >fhQ;rpGuk; uh[g;ghFUf;fs;>rhkp.tp];tehjf;FUf;fs;> vkJje;ijahh;>
eapid guNk];tuf;FUf;fs;. nfhOk;G FQ;rpjghjf;FUf;fs;. MfpNahh; mkh;ej ; pUf;Fk; fhl;rp.
Ntjpiffs;.... gj;kk;
55
I];th;a fh;zpif
ituhf;a Nfruk; gj;kk;
Qhd ehsk;
jh;k fe;jk;
mde;jd;
Mjhurf;jp
$h;khrdk;
$h;khrdk;
rhjhuzNtjpif
\Lj; j hrdk;
56
,d;ndhUtpjk;.
Fk;gq;fs; itf;Fk; rf;jpf;Fupa ahfNtjpiffs; (rhf;jk;) 57
gj;k Ntjpif kfhNkU =rf;jp Ntjpif

ahfNtjpif.. rf;jpf;Fupa ahfNtjpif 58
gQ;rhrd Ntjpif(NtWtpjk;) mh;j;jNkU Ntjpif(rhf;jk;)

gQ;rhrdq;fSld; $ba Ntjpif 59
tpkyhrdk;
gj;khrdk;
Nahfhrdk;
rpk;khrdk;
mde;jhrdk;
m\;lehfk;
m\;lf[k;
m\;lgh;tjk;
gP[hq;Fuk;
Mjhurf;jp
$h;khrdk;
VfFk;gNtjpif
cgNtjpif
gQ;rhrdk;...jdpj;jdp tpupthf;fk;... 60
$h;khrdk; 1.mde;jhrdk;
m\;lnf[q;fs;
Mjhurf;jp
jz;L
gP[hq;Fuk;
mde;jd;
$h;kk;
m\;lehfq;fs; m\;lgh;tjq;fs;
gQ;rhrdk;...jdpj;jdp tpupthf;fk;... 61
2.rpk;khrdk; 3.Nahfhrdk;
Qhdd; ituhf;ad;
jpNujhAfk; JthguAfk;
mituhf;ad;
mf;Qhdd; mid];th;ad;
mjh;kd; Rj;jkhia
fpWjAfk; fypAfk;
jh;kd; I];th;ad;
gQ;rhrdk;...jdpj;jdp tpupthf;fk;... 4.gj;khrdk; & 5.tpkyhrdk; 62
gpujhdFk;gk;
rhj&g>gpe;JUgrf;jp
kz;lyq;fs;
#h;a Nrhk td;dp

kz;lyq;fs;
tpkyhrdk;
; m\; l jsgj; k k;
1. mzpkhkajsk;
2 y`pkhkajsk;
3. k`pkhkajsk;
4. ùpkhkajsk;
5. gpuhfhk;akajsk;
6. <rpj;tkajsk;
7. trpj;tkajsk;
8. rh;tf;Qjhkajsk;
m\;ltpj;Na];tu Fk;gq;fs;
<oey;Yhh;.rpthfktprhuj-Kj;jopo;FUkzp- fiykhkzp Dr..v];.v].FU[P - Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-3;
63
Ntjpiffs; . ...
Fk;gmgpN\f fhyq;fspy; Fk;gk;itg;gjw;F ,e;j
Ntjpiffis mikj;Jg;ghtpf;fyhk;.
tpWj; j Ntjpif
rJuNtjpif gQ;;rNfhzNtjpif mWNfhzNtjpif

ahfj;jpw;Fupa Fz;lq;fs.; mikf;Fk; Kiw.... 64
rJuFz;lk; NahdpFz;lk; tpWj;jFz;lk;
\l;NfhzFz;lk;; gj;kFz;lk;
Nky;Nkfiyapy;-murk;,iyNghd;W ehgp mikf;fg;gLk; 65

ahfj;jpw;Fupa Fz;lq;fs; Fz;lj;jpd; cs;mfyk;- 1 Kok;
Fz;lq;fs; %d;W NkfiyfSld; mikAk; (glk;-3)
rJu];uFz;lj;jpd; ntspj;Njhw;wk;.
Nky; Nkfiyapd; msT- 4 mq;Fyk;.

mh;j;jre;jpu Fz;lk; jpupNfhz Fz;lk; eLNkfiy msT- 3 mq;Fyk;.
fPoN
; kfiy msT - 2 mq;Fyk;
NkfiyfSld; Fz;lj;jpd; Mok;- 24 mq;Fyk;.
mjhtJ - Nkfiyfs; 9 mq;FyKk;.
fPoM
; ok; epyj;jpy;,Ue;J 15 mq;FyKkhFk;.
Nkfiyfspy;..gupjp.tp\;luk;.gup];juzq;fs;
itf;fg;gLk;
gupjpfspy;-fpof;Nf-gpuk;khitAk;
Nkw;fpy;--tp\;Z. njw;fpy;- Uj;jpud;
tlf;Nf- mde;jidAk; G+[pf;f.
eLNkfiyapy;- tp\;luq;fspy;-,e;jpuhjp m\;ljpf;ghyfh;.
fPo;Nkfiyapy;- gup];juzq;fspy;-t[;uhjp jrhAjq;fisAk;
G+[pf;f.
m\;lNfhzFz;lk;
ahfrhiyapd; G+h;tj;Jthu Njtijfs;.....G+[pf;Fk; ,lq;fs;--- 66
FKjd;
Jthucgup];jpjJt[k;
rprpud; gpurhe;jd;
jf;\pzgjhif
cj;jugjhif
Jthunjl;rpzrhif fzgjp yl;Rkp ru];tjp

Jthucj;jurhif
Mjpj;jpad; jhf;ud; kpj;jpud;
tpjhj;ud; re;jpud;
rhe;jp Njhuzk;
,Uf;Ntjk;
aKid nfq;fh
mth;f;fh fth;f;fh
fghlk;
Jthughyh; Jthughyh;
mNjhJk;guk;
G+h;tj;Jthuk; (fpof;Fthry;)
gQ;rtpk;rjp (25)fyr ];egdk;. (nusuthfkk;) 67

eNthj;jurj (109)fyr];egdk;. 14#j;jpuk; (nusuthfkk;) 68
fpof;F
njw;F
N\hlr j;Jtprj (216) fyr ];egdk;. (m[pjhfkk;) 20 #j;jpuq;fs;. 69

eNthj;ju rf];u (1009)fyr];egd etFz;lgjk; ---(nusuthfkk;) 52#j;jpuk;. 70
1009 KbT.
eNthj;jurj (109)fyr (rq;f) ];egdk;. (Rg;gpuNgjhfkk;) 71
tlf;F
fpof;F
Nkw;F
njw;F
jr#j;jpu (gq;jp) VfFz;l ahfrhiy ryNgu cw;rt%h;jpfspd; gpujp\;ilapd;NghJk; 72

rk;GNuhf;\zk;. m\;lge;jdq;fspYk; mikf;fyhk;
10 #j;jpuk;.
gpuk;kgjk; - gpujhdFk;gk;.
Njtgjk; - gupthuFk;gk;.
khD\gjk; - rQ;rhugjk;. Fz;lq;fs;
uhf;\rgjk; - Njhuq;fs;
7my;yJ 9 Kok;rJuj;jpy; ahfk; mikf;fyhk;

utp#j;jpu gQ;rFz;l ahfrhiy .(fhkpfk;) tpkhd];jhgdk;.GNuhf;\zk; Mfpatw;wpw;F 73

,ijmikf;fyhk;.
12#j; j puk; 11gjk;

fyh#j;jpu etFz;l ahfrhiy (fhkpfk;) 16 #j;jpuk;. 74

ghy];j;jhgdk; .jPl;ir. ]k;GNuhf;\zk;.ypq;f];jhgdk;
Mfpatw;wpy; ghtpf;fyhk;.
m\;Nlhj;jurj (108)fyr (rq;F) ];egdk;. -fhuzhfkk;. 75
tlf;F
Nkw;F
fpof;F
njw;F
eNthj;ju rf];u (1009) fyr ];egdk;. -Rg;gpuNgjhfkk;. (50#j;jpuq;fs;) 76

fz#j;jpu etFz;l ahfrhiy (fhkpfhfkk;) 18 #j;jpuk; 289 gjk; 8Mtuzk; 77
tlf;F
Nkw;F fpof;F
njw;F
m\;Nlhj;jpu rjfyr(108) ];egdk;. tpWj;jhfhuk; (thJshfkk;) 16 #j;juk;. 78
tlf;F
Nkw;F fpof;F
njw;F
14 #j;jpuk; 169 gjk; 79

kD#j;jpu etFz;l ahfrhiy - (fhkpfk;)
tlf;F
Nkw;F
fpof;F
80
jPf;\hkz;lyq;fs;..... fhkpfk;.
Rgj;uh jPf\
; hkz;lyk; yjh ypq;f gj;kjPf\
; h kz;lyk;
,J 12 #j;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. 29 #j;jpuq;fs; nfhz;l m\;lypq;f kz;lyk;
,uh[NfhGuk;.. l3O1u3h6l z]g], 81

~3lV j:11FzV G[L3z]c¥6v¦11fzi- G3ny6;1Jc6 l61F\i x]Lhw%]VF3l611y, -
vz91Fz rc];11iz v²11glvV x{]c6- vz93GB3z]g3GV J11{xˆ ud J7J11y, -
>;u3lVfL;y4D8 GmD\V vk3i1lM- wD]1u3h6l 1GD\;i x]l G3v] y\1kdD6--
gQ;rjs
uh[NfhGuk; Uj; j pughfk;
jpupjs uh[NfhGuk;
tp\; Z ghfk;
gpuk; k ghfk;
Jtpjs tpkhdk;. (,uz;Ljstpkhdk;) ,J 16 gq;Fld; 5 tupirfs; 82
1k; fh;z$L - gq;F 5
]; J hgp gpu];juk; - gq;F 2
nfdk; - gq;F 3
rpfuk; - gq;F 4
];Jhgp - gq;F 2
Mf gq;F 16.
fNghjfk; rpfuk;
fOj;J
Nfh ikaNfh\;lk;
\;
ghe;J l ghe;J
J nfdk;
th
uk;
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gQ;ru$L gQ;ru$L
1k; fh; z $L
J
th
uk;
jpupjs tpkhdk; (%d;Wjsk;) (jpupjs tpkhd gq;Fyl;rz fl;blmikg;G) 83

fyrk;
kfhgj;kk;
khiyffl;L
rpfuk; f;zzhbfl;lk;
gz;bif
,ilf;fl;Lehfge;jk;
gj;kk;
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%d;whtJ jsepiy Jhf;NfhL
Nghwpif ika Nfh\;lk;
2k; gpu];jsk; Ntjpif
fhy;
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$z;L vOjfk;
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cs;ehl;Lf;fOj;J
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84
fw;gf;fpuf cj;jukl;lfl;bl mikg;G
gpu];jhdk; ahstup
$z;L fNghjtup
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Kfgj;jpuNtiyapd; tupirkhd fl;blmikg;G 85
mNjhgj;kk;
ahsk; fOj;J
Nfhbkhiyfk;G
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cj;juk; fk;G
cj;juk;
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Ch;j;tgj;kk
cghdgj;kk; FKjfk;
fOj;J
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fz;lk; fz;lk;
gpujkk; Ch;j;tgj;kk;
ghjnge;jk; gpujpnge;jk; 86
G\;gnge;jk;. =nge;jk;
fk;G
gl;bay;
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; ; ; cghdk;
Jhz; f spd; t iffs
gpu]; j uth; ; f k;
th[dk;
gpujp
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; ; Fl;aghjk; ghjth;fk; ghjth;fk; rpj;jpuj;Jhz;
fw;gf;fpuf gjq;fs;- nja;tq;fis ];jhgpf;Fk; ,lq;fs; (fhkpfk;) 87
,J;..G+j gprhR thr];jyk;..,jpy;ahiuAk; gpujp\;il nra;af;$lhJ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2
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3 iguth;
4 tpehafh;
5 gf;jNjtijfs;
6 ru];tjp;;..yl;Rkp
7
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,jpNy...
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13 D4D[K; cd°6Y;v§3h8 hVkB6 vlv²D] me;je;j ];jhdq;fspy; Rthkpia gpujp\;il nra;f.
cc¡k; J{1Fz3G3; vh¦kB6 z]G3Ky; - gpd; Rtiumz;bAs;s G+j gprhrgjq;fspy; ve;jnthU
qc¡k; 11Jl; v§3h8- Gzk; x{ l6i81D-- nja;tj;ijAk; ];jhgpj;jy; MfhJ.
14
15 -y3k]y*-
;
gQ;rhkph;jk;.... k1g8F6 Fg]h\3i] Fm]1d U4D1kzi 88

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1.urgQ;rhkph;jk;- Vyf;fha; Kjypa fe;Njhjfq;fSld; ghy;.japh;.rh;f;fiu
Njd;.nea; Kjypad Nrh;ej ; J.
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,itfs; Nrh;gg ; J.
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m\;lghypif- etgjj;jpd; eLNt.mkph;Nj];tuh;(Nrhk-
Fk;gk;) thkghfk;-fpUj;jpfh .jf;\ghfk;-NuhfpzP.
G+h;thjp 8gjq;fspy; ,e;jpuhjpfis G+[pg;gJ.
Jthjr ghypif- kj;jpapy; 2rf;jpfSld; NrhkFk;gk;.
12 ghypiffspYk; Nk\k;Kjyhd uhrpfis
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kq;fsh vdehy;tUld; ghypiffspy;...
G+h;thjpahf.....gpuk;kh. tp\;Z. Uj;jpud;. mde;jd; vd
ehy;tiuAk; G+[pg;gJ.
rptd;Mya thapw;fhtyh;fs;. x]z~3l h3Ly3,- (nusuthfkk;) 89
fpof;F thry; njw;F thry;
h7z9~3l; 1Dm]d~3l;
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rptj;Jthu ghyfh;fs; (nusuthfkk;) ~3lh3Ly,- thapw;fhtyh;fs;. 90
Nkw;Fthry;. tlf;Fthry;
hxˆ]k~3l; eD¦l~3l;
tp[ad; gpWq;fp Nfhgjp mde;jd;

Njtg+i[.....kq;fy jrjuprdk;.. 91
Myaq;fspy; Fk;ghgpN\fk
hgpN\fk; eilngWk;nghOJ %yhyaj;jpy; Fk;gePh; mgpN\fk;nra;jTld; Myaf; fjT
rhj;jg;gLk;. mjw;Fupa fhuzk;...kdpjh;fshfpa vk;khy; nra;ag;gl;l Fk;ghgpN\fj;jpy; njupe;Njh njupahkNyh
nra;ag;gl;l Fw;wk; Fiwfis ePfF ; tjw;fhf Njth;fs; tUifje;J khdrPfg;gpujp\;il nra;J G+i[ nra;J
mUis Vw;gLj;jpr;nry;thh;fs;.mjw;fhfNt miukzpNeuk; NjtG+i[f;fhf fjT rhj;jg;gLk;.
mjd;gpd; jrjuprdk; fhz;gpf;fg;gLk;. jrjupdkhtJ...10 tpj kq;fyq;fis ,iwtDf;F fhz;gpj;jy;.
mitahtd.....1.Njth;fs;ahtUk; epiwe;jpUf;Fk; gR. 2. Fk;ghgpN\fj;ij elhj;jpitj;j mwpthh;ej; FU.
3. Ntjghuhazk; nra;j me;jzh;. 4.. kq;fyk;jUk; fz;zhb.
5. G+uzFk;gk; 6. kq;fyjPgk;. 7. fd;dpg;ngz;fs;. 8. eldkpLk; fzpifah;
9. ehl;ilMs;gth;. Myav[khd; 10. gz;ghLk; mbahh; jpUf;$l;lk;.
gz;zpNdh;nkhop vDk; gjpfk; ghb fjTjpwe;J ,itfs; xtnthd;whf fhz;gpj;J jPgk;fhl;Ljy; Ntz;Lk;.
juprpf;Fk; gf;jh;fs; fz;zhbtopahf Kjypy; juprdk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
92
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kzp
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<oey;Yhh;.rpthfktprhuj-Kj;jopo;FUkzp- fiykhkzp Dr..v];.v];.FU[P - Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-3;
q?ƒ6x3v¦Þ*-
93
tpehafh;. mq;Frh];j;uk;.(G+[pf;fg;gLk; Njtijfs;.).
g83G*-
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tpyhrpdp ; gpuNkhjd;
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tpfph;jp yh3L x7L; hF°V ykd¤L²m g3l]d;
El6bv¦;~]h3FV y]V]Mj\bv]D3GG;
MNkhjd;
ty;yghNjtp
tpflh; 1y3a› 1y3a› kb3O²3L; j\b°z]c¥6 x]z3D°y;
tPud;
kb3;y6x3v¦\ 1kzB6g831KM z]UªG]z3ly*--
Jh;jud;Kjyhd
m\;lehfhjpfs; vz;kh;
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; pud;
m\;lnf[k;
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#h;ad;
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Jthjrhjpj;ah;fs;
etf;fpufhjpNjth;fs;
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; puk; x]z3v¦ \ ; 94
D]\1GD\; l{zd9V EX²91yx; v6F;%]\d;-

mf;dp rptUj;jpuh;
thA
Mfhrk; yh3L x7L; hF°V ykd¤L²m g3l]d;-
gpuk;kh tp\;Z El6bv¦;~]h3FV y]V]Mj\bv]D3GG;-
guNk];tup 1y3a› 1y3a› kb3O²3L; j\b°z]c¥6 x]z3D°y;
kb3x]z3v¦\1kzB6 g831KM z]UªG]z3ly*--
kfhfhsp
ru];tjp =Njtp
<rhehjp Njth;fs; tpf;Nd];tuh;
mtpf;dd;
N\j;jpughyh;
gpuhk;kpKjyhd rg;jkhjhf;fs; gpuNkhjd; Jh;Kfd;
re;jpud; #h;ad;
MNkhjd; tpf;dfh;jj
; h
thkhjpetrf;jp
m\;lkq;fyk; VfhjrUj;jpuh;
m\;liguth;
Jthjr Mjpj;jpah;
m\;ltRf;fs;
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kfhrh];jh
; Jh;fhNjtp
etf;fpufk;
m\;lnf[k;. m\;lehfk;. m\;lgh;tjk;
(Rg;gpukzpah;)..Ffh];jpuk;. u6b3v¹*- 95
mf;dp
Uj;jpuh;
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qv6l bld xv¹; x{]k3kd£]D3u\;-
kfhrh];jh vyLv6l kK3B; vƒ#bv¦ h]\K;v83M-
D]\x]YO²L]D zbª] z3K6l3y3x k7D]9;-
thA tp\;Z
qklzlv6 h7O8; qv¹1Fz v²l7h*--
Mfhr%h;jj
; p gpuk;kh
];fe;jh;
rFd;epahjp m\;lrf;jpfs;.
kfhty;yp nf[ty;yp
#upad;
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kA+uh;
96
96
Mapuj;njl;L ypq;fk;
97
rptdpd; vOtifj; jhz;ltq;fs;.. 98
3.re;jpah jhz;ltk;.(fhj;jy;) 4.rq;fhujhz;ltk;(mopj;jy;)
rptdpd; vOtifj; jhz;ltq;fs;.. 99
5.jpupGu jhz;ltk;.(kiwj;jy) 6.Ch;jJ

; t jhz;ltk; (mUsy;)
100
101
,iw rpifmyq;fhuk; 102
jkpok;(rpyk;Gf;nfhz;il)
msf#lk; jkpok;
jk;kpy;yk;(jkpok;) jkpok;
jiymyq;fhuk;-1 103
[lhkz;lyk; [lhkz;lyk; Rlh;Kb
rh;gg
; nksyp Nfrge;jk; [lhge;jk;
jiymyq;fhuk;-2 Nfrge;jk; tpupril 104
Nfrge;jk; tpupril
jiymyq;fhuk;-3 [lhghuk; [lhghuk;. 105
rpu];jpufk;
Fe;jsk; [lhghuk;
,iwmzpfyq;fs;. 1 106
Nkfiy Nkfiy Nkfiygpd;Gwk; miug;gl;b jhufr;Rk;ik
1
2
miug;gl;bgpd;mikjp
Nkfiy. ,ilf;fl;L Kbr;rzpNkfiy miug;gl;b cjug;gl;b
jhufr;Rk;ik
,iwmzpfyq;fs;....... 107
rd;dtPuk;
Njhs;tisfs;
tPur;rq;fpyp
G+Ehy;- cjuge;jk;
.G+Ehy; cu];#j;jpuk;
rd;dtPuk; gpd;mikjp tPur;rq;fpyp
mzpfyq;fs;.. 108
Gypg;gy; jhyp
mUk;Gr;ruk;-rug;gsp
fz;bif-rug;gsp-rTb
njha;afk;- fbg;G
fpiuNtafhuk; Njhs;tis
Njhs;khiy
];jd#j;jpuk;. cu];#j;jpuk;
thFkhiy- cjuge;jdk;
gpuk;kKbr;R
gpuk;kKbr;R
109
nja;tMilmzpfyq;fs;
Njhyhil kuTupMil g;lhilapd;mikjp
gl;lhil,ilf;fl;L.
Kj;jhsak;
Njhyhil gQ;rhilapd;mikjp Fwq;F nrwp

110
epw;Fk; jpUf;Nfhyq;fs;..
itj];jpf];jhdfk; rkghj];jhdfk;
itrhf ];jhdfk; fhNahj;rh;f;fk;
];t];jpfhrdk; mh;jj
; itj];jpfk; it\;ztk; Vfghj ];jhdfk;
Rthkpfspd; ,Uf;if epiyfs;. 111
gj;khrdk; Rfhrdk; cj;Fbfhrdk;
mh;jj
; gj;khrdk; Nahfhrdk; tPuhrdk;
112
113
rpd;Kj;jpiu NahfKj;jpiu jh;[dP`];jk; jhld`];jk;.
mga`];jk; tuj`];jk; flf`];jk; rpk;kfh;zk; fz;lh`];jk; tpahf;u`\;jk;
lkU`];jk;
jz;l`];jk; gpurhupjk; G\;gGlk; nf[`];jk; mQ;ryp
114
rptahf Fk;gq;fs;.. 115

116
117
118
119
gtpj;jpuk; hz]D\g3ld z]g], - 120

Kf3zO\; v61l#\x8 Kf3 x7L; blv8i -Kf3iy\; z]1c¥3, Df3u61l3h9z]D\y* -
vhz]D\ y1l11dz vz9y3K9; vk3i1lM-- – (y3l1d)
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mJNghy FUtpw;F gtpj;jpuk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. vdNt G+i[ fpupia nra;Ak; FU
gtpj;jpuk; mzpe;Jnfhz;Ljhd; vy;yhf;fh;khf;fisAk;nra;jy;Ntz;Lk;. (fhuzhfkk;)
Ie;J jh;igapy;nra;j gtpj;uk; NjfG\;biaf; nfhLf;Fk;. ehd;Fjh;g;igapyhd gtpj;uk;
rj;JUehrj;ij jUk;. %d;W jh;igg;gtpj;uk; rhe;jpiaj; jUk;. ,uz;Ljh;ig gtpj;uk;
Mya Njtfhupaq;fSf;Fk; xU jh;g;igg; gtpj;uk; gpNujfhh;aq;fSf;Fk; mzpjy;Ntz;Lk;.
u61l3h9z]D\; yGy3v¦f3 - (v6h\1J1F)
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rh;tjPh;j;jq;fs; q1uŸD6 vz9D[f93G] hz]DŸv83g] 1FzD3 -- ((/3GlDª3zL])
4mq;Fyk; g - ghtehrk;. tp - Kk;kyehrk; j;jpu - fh;kRj;jp ,k;%d;Wk; jUtJ gtpj;uk;.
xh;fpupia nra;Ak;NghJ fztd;kl;Lk; gtpj;jpuk; mzpjNy tpjp. kidtpahdts; jh;igapdhy;
,lJNjhis njhLjy;Ntz;Lk;. fztd;,y;yhjtplj;J kidtp tyJifapy; Nkhjputpuypy;
mzpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ngz;fs; ,lJifapy; gtpj;jpuk; mzpe;jhy; nra;Ak;fhupak; gadw;Wg;
1mq;Fy Kbr;rpy; NghFk;. Vnddpy; gtpj;jpukhd njh;igia mRj;jKs;s ,lJiftpuypy; NghlyhFkh?
ru];tjp ngz;fs; fhg;GEhy; kl;Lk; kzpf;fl;Lf;FNky; ,lJifapy; mzpayhk;. jPh;j;jk; gUFk;NghJ
gtpj;jpuj;ij fow;wp tyJfhjpNy itj;Jtpl;L jPh;j;jk;Fbj;jy;Ntz;Lk; gpd; if
myk;gptpl;L gtpj;jpuj;ij kPz;Lk; mzpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
ehsj;jpy; tpdhafiu Fl;btzq;Fk;NghJk; Ie;JKiw Fl;Ljy;Ntz;Lk;. mJTk;
2mq;Fyk; ghh;tjp iffis Neuhfitj;J Fl;lNtz;Lk;. Njhg;Gf;fuzk;NghLk;NghJ kl;Lk;ifia
khwpgpbj;jy;Ntz;L;k;.
Fl;ldk; gQ;rthufk
thufk; Fl;Ljy; Ie;J Kiw vdfhkpfhfkk; $Wk;..
<rhdhjp gQ;r%h;j;jpfs;. 121
<rhd%h;j;jp jj;GU\%h;j;jp
(nghd;epwk;) (kQ;rs;)
122
<rhdhjp gQ;r%h;j;jpfs;. 123
rj;jpNah[hj %h;jj
; p tPugj;jpuh;
(ntz;ik)
124
125
jPghuujidfs;.....
1 2 3 4
ehfjPgk; tpU\jPgk; GU\jPgk;
mLf;Fj;jg
P k;
5 6 7 7 8
t;ahf;u jPgk; rpk;kjPgk; #h;ajPgk; re;jpujPgk;

126
9 10 11 12
nf[jPgk; m];tjPgk; NkUjPgk; tpUl;rjPgk;
13 14 15
el;rj;jpujPgk; $h;kjPgk; Fk;gjPgk;

gQ;rjl;Lf;fs;
jPghuhjid..... ,d;ndhUtif jPg cgrhuk;- mjd; mjpNjtijfs; 127
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
9.el;rj;jpujPgk-
6, 8, 7 9. 10. 11.
1.Jhgk;- thA 9.el;rj;jpujPgk-27el;rj;jpuq;fs;;

2.xw;iwj;jPgk; - mf;dp 10.NkUjPgk;-gd;dpUMjpj;jpah;fs;
3.mLf;FjPgk;-rptd; 11.fw;G+uj;jl;L- rptrf;jp
4.ehfjPgk;-NfJ 12.gQ;r`huhj;jp- rjhrpth;
5.tpU\gjPgk;-jh;kNjtd;
.6.GU\jPgk;-tp\;Z ,j;NjhL-g];kghj;uk;.fz;zhb.Fil.
12.
7.Fk;gjPgk;-Uj;jpud; rhkiu.tprpwp.nfhb.Mytl;lk;.
8.gQ;rjl;L-gQ;rg;gpuk;kk;
\l;cgrhuk; ....MWcgrhuq;fs;. 128
1 2 3
fz;zhb Fil rhkiu
4 5 6
nfhb
tprpwp Mytl;lk;
rpWf;rpWtk;.... (Xkf;fwz;b) (rpytiffs;) 129
tN]hh; j hiu
rpk;kKf rpWf;
];RWtk;
\l;N
; fhz rpWf;
130
rpWf;rpWt Ngjq;fs; rpy...
tpU\gKf rpWf;F
nf[ KfrpWf;F
kA+uKfrpWf;F
ahspKf rpWf;F
rpWf;rpWt Ngjq;fs;.....njhlh;rr; p
v4y0v\6z g83G*
131
ek3x]z zh6K6u° k7Xˆ9j3b6; D]\1GD\;

ildK6uz]l]V]; x3x²D;z]c¥6kg8;-
ykLlz]xx3;u; G3nzM v\6;k6Y31u\
vyLkG6kK3;u; v\6yµ\z3Y8; J1Kb*--
–y3k]y;-
.; rf;jp
rptd;
Rthkp thfdq;fs;.... 132
%\pfthfdk; rpk;kthfdk;
];te thfdk;. `k;r thfdk; ahsp thfdk; 133
Rthkpia Vw;Wtjw;fhf epWj;jg;gLk;

thfdq;fs; %yhyaj;ij ghh;fF ; k;
tz;zk; epWj;jp itf;fNtz;Lk;.
fhuzk;.Rthkpia vjphghh;j;Jf;fhj;J
epw;fNtz;Lk;.
gpd; gFjpia fhl;bagb epWj;jp
itg;gJ jtwhFk;.
gy;yf;F ee;jpthfdk;
th`dq;fs;... 134
nf[th`dk; kA+uth`dk; m[th`dk;
tpU\gth`dk;. fhkNjDth`dk; eh`thèk; ee;jpthèk;

rg;jkhjhf;fs;..... 135
1.gpuhk;kp 2.khNf];tup
rg;jkhjhf;fs;..... 136
3.nfskhup 4.it\;ztp
rg;jkhjhf;fs;......... 137
5.thuh`p 6.rhKz;;b 7.,e;jpuhzp

G+h;tfhuzhfk tpjpg;gb etf;fpuf epiy. 138
h71z91v3kv²l7hV Fm]1d j6g,h7OG;- u6l6;11zhxˆ]1kh7O8 eD¦1lx6y\vki91KM-

quª2q;u3ly; h7O8-G]rrD2 i x11Gxˆl;-l3b6;iz3K61F1xD6 1yD6; Wx3G1u3i1l--
tlf;F <rhdk;
thA
Nkw;F fpof;F
epWjp njw;F mf;dp

cj;jufhkpfhfk fpuzhfkk; tpjpg;gb 139
tpjpg;gb etf;fpuf epiy. etf;fpuf epiy

tlf;F
tlf;F
fpof;F
fpof;F
njw;F
njw;F
etf;fpuf uhrp el;rj;jp; u kz;lyk; 140
9 etf;fpufk; 12 ,uhrpfs;
tlf;F 27 el;rj;jpuq;fs; vd;gd
jpUNth cj;ju guzp
mikj;J g+i[ N`hkk;
mtpl;lk; rjak m];tp
zk G+ul;lhjp l;lhjp; ; Nutjp vd;gd nra;tjw;F
dp
cfe;jtifapy;
cj;jh
uhlk;
fhh;j;jpif jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Nk\k;
fpufq;fSf;Fupa ,uj;jpdq;fs;.
up\gk; kpJdk; Nuhfppzp
kPdk; #upaDf;F-khzpf;fk;. re;jpuDf;F- Kj;J
nrt;tha;f;F-gtsk; GjDfF -kufjk;
G+uhlk; FUTfF -G\;guhfk;. Rf;fpuDf;F -ituk;
kpUfrPup
; ; ; Fk;gk;. flfk \k; rdpf;F -ePyk;. uhFtw;F-NfhNkjfk;
NfJTf;F-itLh;ak;
fpof;F
fpufgpuPjpfSf;F..
jpUth
%yk; rpq;fk; jpiu #upaDf;F-rptdAk;. re;jpuDf;F-mk;gpif
kfuk
nrt;tha;f;F-KUfidAk;. gj;ufhspiaAk;
GjDf;F-tp\;DitAk;.
Gdh;
Nfl;il FUtpw;f;F-njl;rzh%h;j;jpiaAk;
jD]; tpUr;rpfk Jyhk fd;dp G+rk; Rf;fpuDf;F-yl;Rk pJh;ifiaAk;.
rdpf;F-tp\;D rh];jhitAk;
uhFf;F-Jh;ifiaAk;.
; mD\k; G+rk;
NfJtpw;F-fzgjp.Jh;ifiaAk;
G+[pf;f ed;ikjUk;
Mapy;
tprhfk Rthjp rpj;jpiu m];jk; cj;ju G+uk; kfk;
ak;
njw;F
njupe;J nfhs;sNtz;barpy tplaq;fs;........ 141
topghLKbe;jJk; rz;Nl];tuuplk; nrd;W jpahdj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; mtiu3 Kiw ifjl;b topgl;lgyidjUk;gb
. Ntz;bf;nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. rz;Nl];tuh; xUth;jhNd xt;nthURthkpf;Fk; xt;nthUrz;Nl];tuh;
cz;lh?
vd gyh; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;. mjw;F tpsf;fk;....,e;jpug;gjtp Nghy rz;Nl];tug;gjtpAk; xd;W.;
me;jje;j nja;tj;jpd;kPJ mgupjkhd gf;jp nfhz;lth;fSf;F ,iwtdhy; toq;fg;gLk; gjtpNa
rz;Nl];tugjtpahFk;.
rptDf;Fupa rz;Nl];tuh;- j;Jtdp rz;Nlrh;. mk;ghSf;Fupa rz;Nl];tup- jhupfhrz;Nl];tup
fzgjpf;Fupa rz;Nl];tuh;-Fk;Nghjurz;Nlrh;. KUfDf;Fuparz;Nlrh;- Rkpj;jpu rz;Nlrh;.
igutUf;F-tp[atLfrz;lh;.khupf;F-Ree;jh fhspf;F-fhyjhup. tp\;ZTfF- tp\;tf;Nrdh;.
#upaDf;F- Nj[]; rz;lh;. Iag;gDf;F- rh];Nj[h;
fpupiffSf;Fupa mf;ep....... jPli ; r.rhe;jp.vd;gdtw;wpw;F- ghyhf;dp. GNuhf;\zk;.cw;rtj;jpy;- astdhf;dp

gpujp\;ilfspy;- tpWj;jrpthf;dp. vd%d;WNgjq;fs; fhuzhfkk; $WfpwJ.
F[m3x3B]v¦6 j3L3uª], -1h\3m1d3Dµz K2zG*- h\D]`c¢3G]D8 z4X3uª];- quª]1JF; D]\g3J1zM--
G+[pf;Fk; mf;dp...... tpthfq;fk; KjypaRgfhh;aq;fspy;- fhh;fgj;a; hf;dp. gpjph;fhh;aq;fspy;- jf;\pzhf;dp
Njtfhh;aq;fspy;- MftdPahf;dp.nfhz;Lk; G+[pf;f.
ghy];jhgdj;jpy; ghyhyak; mikf;fNtz;ba,lk;.- fw;gf;fpufj;j

; pw;F <rhdk;..tlf;F.fpof;F Nkw;F mf;dp
Mfpa ,e;jjpf;Ffspy; tpUk;gpa xh;,lj;jpy; mikf;fyhk;.vd fhkpfhfkk; $WfpwJ.
k7Lv§3Gv8 Wx3G83; eD¦1l h7z9 K3k81K3, -Q1uªK3; k]%1F1xz3 y6K93Mj3Lu\b; y6l6--
G+i[Neuq;fspy; FUkhh; iffshy; Kj;jpiu fhl;Ltjpd; tpjp...Njth;fSf;F re;Njh\j;ij nfhLg;gjdhYk;

mRuh;fis tpul;Ljw;fhfTk; Kj;jpiu Kj;jpifs; fhllg;gLfpwJ.
k6F;y1l3D] 1Fz3G3; F\3KD8 v6l3;v¦f3- 1k3FG3F¨\3zd311iˆz k61F\K; hl]y[D]¦9*-- y3l1d-
G];jfk;. kzp. jPgk;. rq;F. G+ .epiwFlk;. ,itfis epyj;jpy; itf;ff;$lhJ. 142
ePwW
; G+rzpf;fhia ngz;fs; ntl;lf;$lhJ.jiytpupj;jgb kq;fstpohf;fspYk; NfhtpYf;Fk; nry;yf;$lhJ.
,t;tplq;fspy; fWj;jMilfis mzpaf;$lhJ. jq;fj;jpyhd eiffis fhypy; mzpaf;$lhJ.
cgeadk;nra;j me;jzh;fspy; jpUkzk;nra;j FUkhh;fNs Myaq;fspy; FUthf,Uf;Fk; jFjpAilath;fs;.

QhdkhfpaFLkp ,y;yhj jpUkzk; nra;ahj FUkhh;fs; ahfk;. jpUkzk; .Fk;gmgpN\fq;fs; nra;jy; MfhJ
.,J MfktpNuhjnray;. NkYk;. fhaj;jpupn[gk; nra;Ak; me;jzh;fs; G+Dhy; epyj;jpy; gLk;gbahf ntWepyj;
j
; py; tPoe
; J tzq;Fjy; fhtbvLj;jy; nrby;Fw;Wjy; gpujl;ilgz;Zjy; vd;gd nra;jy; $lhJ.
gpuNjh\hyj;jpy;..Kjypy; eNlrUf;F G+i[ nra;Jtpl;L gpd;dh; %yhya rptDf;Fk; ee;jpfFk; mgpN\fk; G+i[
nra;jy;Ntz;Lk;. Njq;fha; cilf;Fk;NghJ FLkpAs;sNjq;fha; cilg;gNj MfktpjpAilajhFk;.
tpG+jpia tajhdme;jzFUkhh;fs;G+rptplyhk;.Mdhy; vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk;; GU\idj;jtpu NtWahUk; ngz;
fSf;F Fq;Fkk; itf;ff;$lhJ. Fq;Fkk;itf;Fk; jFjp fztd; XUtDf;Nf cupik.
jpUkzkhfpa rpthr;rhh;ah;fs; ,iwtDf;F Mthfdk; nra;Ak;fhyj;jpy; FU&gkhfTk;. mgpN\fk; nra;Ak;
fhyj;jpy; jha;&gkhfTk; Mfpwhh;.vd Mfkq;fs; nrhyYfpd;wd.
gpujl;rz ek];fhuk;.......
tpehafiu-XUKiw gpujl;rzk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. #upaid- ,uz;LKiw gpujl;rzk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;
rptid - %d;WKiw gpujl;rzk; nra;jy;Ntz;Lk;. mk;ghisAk;.tp\;ZitAk;- ehd;FKiw gpujl;rzk;.
murkuj;ij-VOKiw gpujl;rzk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Fl;btzq;Fjy;- Ie;JKiw jiyapy; Fl;btzq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.mJTk; iffis khw;whky; glj;jpy;

fhzg;gLtJNghy; Neuhf Fl;Ljy; Ntz;Lk;..%d;WKiw Fl;Ljy; tpehafUf;FNruhJ. mRuh;fF ; Ngha; NrUk;.
1;.Rf;yhk;gujuk;>2.tp\;Zk; 3.rrpth;zk;> 4. rJh;G[k; 5.gpurd;dtjdk; vdIe;J thf;fpaq;fs; nrhy;yp>j;ahNaj;
jpahdpf;fpd;Nwd;.rh;ttpf;Ndhg rhe;jNa. vy;yhtpj ,ilA+WfSk; ePff
; jy;nghUl;L. vd;gNj.
.cyfj;jpy; Kjy; kdpjh; Mjhk;.Vths;. ,J Mq;fpy kjq;fs;; nrhy;YtJ. Mdhy; cyfj;jpd;

Rak;G- kD vd;W $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Kjw; rkakhftpsq;Fk; vkJ rkaj;jpy; Kjy;kdpjh;...Rak;
Rthkpf;FJhgk;fhl;Ljy;- ehrpf;FNkNy Nghff;$lhJ. jPgk;-fz;fSf;FNkNy Nghff$lhJ. ieNtj;jpak;- 143
iffsNy rkh;gpf;fNtz;Lk;.
g7h;G3v3h6a~1K- F[h; 1G1D\c6 z]G8v8- qGª3F] z]G81vMy1l-- y3k]1y-
Fz;lq;fs;...tpehafUf;F-xd;gJ Fzlkhspd;..jpf;Ffspy; rJuFz;lKk; tpjpf;Ffspy; gj;kFz;lKk;. gpujhdk;-

tpWj;jFz;lKk; Nghlg;glNtz;Lk;.
rptDf;F..etFz;lj;jpy;...jpf;Ffspy; KiwNa..rJuk;.mh;j;jre;jpuk;.jpupNfhzk;.\l;Nfhzk;.tpjpf;Ffspy;...KiwNa
tpUj;jk;.gj;kk;.vz;Nfhzk;.Nahdp..Fz;lq;fSk;> gpujhdk; tpWj;jk;. vdmikAk;.
KUfDf;F..jpf;Ffspy; mWNfhzKk;. tpjpf;Ffspy;.gj;kKk;. gpujhdk; tpWj;jKk; mikAk;.
igutUf;F..m\;ljpf;FfsYk; vz;Nfhzk; .gpujhdk;..tpWj;jk; vdmikAk;.
rz;Nl];tuUf;F..jpfFfspy; gj;kKk;. tpjpf;Ffspy; rJuKk; gpujhdk; tpWj;jKk; mikAk;.
fhspfF jpf;Ffspy; Nahdp tpjpf;Ffspy; gj;kk; gpujhdk; tpWj;jk;.vdTk;mikAk;.
kw;iwanja;tq;fSf;F..jpf;Ffspy; rJuKk;.tpjpf;Ffspy; tpUj;jKk; mikAk; vy;yhnja;tq;fSf;Fk;
tpUj;jNk
gpujhdFz;lk;. G+h;zhFjp vy;yhFz;lj;jpYk; rkfhyj;jpy; nra;aNtz;Lk;. vy;yhFz;lq;fSf;Fk;
ehbre;jhdk;NghlNtz;Lk;.ehb,y;yhky; nra;ag;gLk; N`hkq;fshy; xUgyDk; fpilf;fhJ..
.(ehbtpeh N`hkk;eh];jp)
etFz;lq;fspy; %h;jpgh;fs;(FUkhh;) ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy; gpujhdFUNt vy;yhf;Fz;lq;fspYk; Kiwg;gb
N`hkk;nra;ayhk;.. gpujp\;ilfspy; .rg;jFz;lk; .jrFz;lk;. 15Fz;lk;.16Fz;lk;.Nghlf;$lhJ.
ahfg+i[...xd;gJehs; ahfG+i[ cj;jkk;.,jpy;16 fhyg+i[ eilngWk;. VOehs;ahfj;jpy;..12 fhyg+i[.
Ie;Jehs;ahfj;jpy;.- 8 fhyG+i[. %d;Wehs;ahfj;jpy;- 6 fhyG+i[ nra;ag;gLk;.
kr;rk; khkprk; cz;gth;fSk;..jPl;irngwhjth;fSk;..Uj;jpuhl;rk;mzpjy;$lhJ.Myaq;fspy;,th;fs;gQ;rGuhzk;

XJjy; MfhJ. rkajPli ; r ngw;why;jhd; irtd; Mthd;.mtDf;Nf irtrka fpupiffs;
nra;amjpfhuk;cz;L.
rq;F... rq;fjPhj
; j
; k; gUFtjhy; rfyghtq;fSk; ePqf; g;ngWk;. %dW cyfpy;cs;s vy;yhjPhj
; j
; q;fSk;
tp\;DtpDila fl;lisahy; rq;fpNy thrk; nra;fpd;wd. eLtpy; tUzDk;. Edpapy;-fq;if.ru];tjp
Kjyhd Gz;aejpfSk;. gpd;gf;fk; gpuahgjpAk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.,jdhy;jhd; rq;fpwF kfpik rpwg;G cz;lhfpaJ.
<oey;Yhh;.rpthfktprhuj-Kj;jopo;FUkzp- fiykhkzp Dr..v];.v].FU[P - Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;-ghfk;-3; 144
rpthtp\;Z Myak;mikf;Fk; Kiw... rpthfkq;fspy; tp\;Zit gupthukhf mikf;ftpjpAz;L.
Mdhy; it\;ztMfkq;fspy; rptid
gpujp\;ilnra;a tpjp
,y;iy.
vdNt..rptidAk;
tp\;DitAk; gpujp\;
il nra;a tpjp ,y;
iy. vdNt ,t;tpj
khd FiwghLfs;
ePff
; . eLNt mk;gh
is gpujp\;ilnra;t
jhy; Fiw ePqF ; k;.
gy Ma;Tfspd; gpd;
,e;jg;glj;jpy; cs;s
JNghy; mikf;fyhk;
vd tiue;Js;Nsd;.
c
rptkak;
Mfkr;rpj;jpuq;fs;.ghfk;-3 Ehyhrpupah; gw;wp....
,th;....,yq;ifapy; KjyhtJ ,e;Jkj FUgPlhjpgjpahf njupTnra;ag;gl;l FUkfhd;
“NtjrpthfkGuhz jj;JtQhdp” tpj;ahrhfuk;” itj;jpa fyhepjp”
rptgpuk;k=-];fe;j-rhk;grpt rpthr;rhh;ahh;.M.I.H & M.D.H & D.A.M.mth;fspd; Gjy;th;
Mthh;. ,th; ey;Yhh; fzgjP]t ; uFUFyj;jpy; 7Mz;Lfs; fw;W “rk];fpUj ghygz;bjh;”
rpj;jpaile;Js;shh;. ey;iy Qhdrk;ge;jh; MjPdj;jpy; irtrpj;jhe;j gapw;rpnewp tFg;gpy;
fye;Jnfhz;L “rpj;jhe;j tpj;jfh;”gl;lk; ngw;Ws;shh;.fiyapd;ghy; ehl;lk;nfhz;L 15Mapuk;
tpy;ypir epfo;rr; pfis elhj;jp 15f;Fk;Nkw;gl;l gl;lq;fSk; 25 jq;fgjffq;fSk; ngw;Ws;s nts;sptpoh
fiyQh;. NkYk;.. ,ir eldk; ehlfk; ftpij rpj;jpuk; rpw;gk; N[hjplk; fjhgpurq;fk; rkar;nrhw;nghopT
Ntjk;. rpthfkMuhr;rp GuhzNjh;rr ; p gz;zpir FUj;Jtk; vd gyJiwfspy; ty;y ; fiykhkzp.
,tupd; jpwikfisnkr;rp nfhOk;gpy; 2004y; “nfsut lhf;lh;” gl;lk; toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lJ.
,th;rk];fpUj Ehy;fshf “ffhufzgjprf];uehkk;” “gj;jpufhspkz;lgG+[h” Mfkr;rpj;jpuq;fs;.ghfk;-1
ghfk;-2 (it~;ztepjp). vd Vw;fdNt ehd;F Ehy;fis ntspapl;L ,yq;if ,e;jpaFUkhh;fspy;
ghuhl;il
ngw;wth;. jw;nghOJ Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;.%d;whk; ghfk; vd;Dk;,e;Ehy; gyMfkq;fis Muha;eJ ; ntspaPL
nra;fpwhh;.NkYk;..Mfkr;rpj;jpuq;fs;.ghfk;-4 rf;jptopghl;L tpjpfSld; Ehw;Wf;FNkw;gl;l rf;jpapd;jpUTUt
rpj;jpuq;fs;.jpahdq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw jhq;fp ntspapl,Uf;fpwhh;.NkYk;...jkpopNy...MyatopghLfs;.kNfhw;
];rttpsf;fq;fs;.Fk;ghgpN~f tpsf;fq;fs; vd;gdTk;..fy;ahz fpupiffspd; Kiwfs; mjw;Fupa tpsf;fq;
fs;.vd;gdtw;iwAk; Ehyhf ntspapl Kad;WtUfpwhh;.,tUila ,g;gzpfSf;F md;gh;fs; cjTthh;fsh
apd; rPff; puk; ,e;Ehy;fs; ntsptu tha;gG ; z;lhFk;. ed;wp..gpuk;k=.r.Rjd;rh;kh.(nkhd;wpay;.Jh;ifmk;kd;Nfhtpy;)
vdJ mUikr;rNfhjuh; fiykhkzp lhf;lh; Nrhkh];fe;j FU[P mth;fspd; ,g;gzp
ntw;wpngw vdJ,jaq;fdpe;j tho;jJ
; f;fisAk; ey;yhrpfisAk; njuptpj;Jnfhs;fNwd;.
tsh;f ,th;MASk; mwpTk; Ma;Tk;. kfpo;Tld;...mz;zd;...
“rpthfkfpupahN[hjp”
“itj;jpafyhepjp” rpt=;.; rhk;grpt-rz;Kfehjf;FUf;fs;.D.A.M
=nfsupN[hjpl epiyak;. yz;ld;.

Agama Descriptions

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c

rka newpnahd;wpy; Kiwahf xOf tpiogth;fSf;F mr;rkakuG rhh;ej ; topghl;Lnewp Kiwfspy;

fiykhkzp lhf;lh;.FU[P mth;fspd; “Mfkrpj;jpuq;fs;”ghfk;-3 Ehy; irtcyfpw;F gaDilajhf mikatho;jJ ; fpNwhk;.

“rpthfktpj;thd;” “rpthfkQhdrhfuk;” aho;g;ghzk;-ethypA+h;

“rpthfktpj;thd;” “rpj;jhe;jrhfuk;” rh;tNjr ,e;JkjgPlhjpgjp ,yq;if rgupkiy rh];jhgPlk;

,e;jkz;zpy; thOfpd;w xt;nthUtUk; jhk;thOk; kz;zpw;Nfh..jk; ,dj;jpw;Nfh jhk;rhh;ej ; r%fj;jpw;Nfh....

QLK; h6l6xl7h*- (radepiy) -fhuzhfkk;

kdpjclYk; Nfhtpy; mq;fKk;-

fz;-#upad; tha;- mf;dp r;Nuhj;u];a jpf;Njtjh

rfyfhupaq;fSf;Fk; Kjypy; Gz;zp;ahfk;. h6d83b; h\Fk*- 5

tUzgfthd; h6y3l; h3hG3x;v83M -d8y3l; 1Fbx6X]F; -

G - ghgehrj;ijAk; z;a - NjfRj;jpiaAk; `- ,lj;jpd;Rj;jpiaAk;

b6;HsB3v¦\k1B\d g7hF[1hG h7O1KM-

q1U3l3v¦\ k1B\d 1h\3m1Ki‰6X z3l]d3 -- (z3D61n)

jpUtpsf;F F[h* fhiy khiy tPl;by; jPgk; Vw;wpitj;jth; rh;tkq;fsKk;

ntWk;epyj;jpy; jPgj;ijitf;ff;$lhJ. thahy;jg

jhk;G+yk; (ntw;wpiy) D3;j7L3g] 1FzD3 - 8

ntw;wpiyapd; Edpg;gFjpapy; - ru];tjpAk;@

G3n›1yl h1D\d 1D3ld; hVFn3G]c6

kq;fyj;NjhuzkhdJ njd;idkuj;jpd; kQ;rs;epw

fz;.fhJ.Njhy; ehf;F.%f;F.Mfpa QhNde;jpupaq;fshYk;

khtpiy fl;Lk;NghJ..mjd;fhk;G Kd;gf;fk; vLj;Jf; Fj;J

QD°3D§9V hl3D§V QF]11x1zG h7O]D; - QF]11xz wD]1h\3{; vµx]z j\:1d3 u6l6 --

kzpf;fl;by; - gpuk;khTk; tp\;ZTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.

Njth;fis tutiof;fTk; mRuh;fis tpul;lTk;

vª3G3F2 i DF1Bi b8i9G31B D11fzi-

mgpN\f Muk;gj;jpYk;.KbtpYk;. mh;ridKbtpYk;

ifkzp - DG6Ud¡3 Quk3f9B6 1Fz3G3; ukG3f9B6 l3mv3;-

rpurpy;- Uj;jpud;. gpd;gf;fk;- tpU\gNjth; y61z9Ud¡3lz;DD\ 1FzF3b²3G y3ld*--

Njth;is tutiof;fTk;>mRuh;fis tpul;lTk;

vg;nghOJk;G+i[apy; kzpmbg;gjhy; vy;yhtpj tpf;dq;

ehsj;jpy;- gpuk;kh ,e;jpud;Kjyhd xUjhs XirAld; kzpmbg;gjhy; Nkhl;rKk;.,Ujhs

vy;yh thj;jpaq;fspYk; Kjd;ikahdJk; Xq;fhuehj

kzpehf;fpy;- ru];tjp ehf;FEdpapy;-NrhkNjtd;

nja;tPf ,irthj;jpaq;fs; ... ee;jpthj;ak; - kpUjq;fk; (kj;jsk;) 14

rptngUkhDila 108 jhz;ltj;jpd;NghJ gpuk;kNjtupdhy;; kz;Zk; nghd;Dk; fye;j cUthf;fg;gl;lNj

Myaq; f spy; kpUjq; f ,ir thrpg; g J ,iwtDf; F kfpo; r ; r pjUk; .

G+Nyhfk;.Rth;f;fk;.ghjhsk; vy;yh,lKk; trpg;gtuhfpa

kq;fy (ehj];tu) uhfNjtij (ehjk;+];tuk;) 16

nja;tPf ,irthj;jpaq;fs; ... tPzh (tPiz) Vfhe;jthj;jpak; 17

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ahfrhiyapy; rptd; thj;jdpia ,izf;Fk; Qhdfl;fk;. 19

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gukrhapgj th];Jrhe;jp (gj;J#j;jpuq;fis (86gjq;fs;.) nfhz;lJ) 22

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tpehafUf;Fupa m\;lkq;fyk;. u1dx3%k;un* - 25

me;jzh;fSf;Fupa m\;lkq;fsk;. ~]O3% k;un* - 26

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m\;lkq;fyj;ij jhq;Fk; Njtfd;dpah;. q%k;un*- 32

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