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1. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
The classic children’s board game Chutes and Ladders is a version of an ancient Nepalese game, Paramapada Sopanapata. In
both games, players encounter “good” or “bad” spaces while traveling along a path; landing on one of the good
spaces ______ a player to skip ahead and arrive closer to the end goal.
A) allows
B) are allowing
C) have allowed
D) allow
2. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Artificially delivering biomolecules to plant cells ______ an important component of protecting plants from pathogens.
A) is being
B) were
C) are
D) is
3. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Research conducted by planetary scientist Katarina Miljkovic ______ that the Moon’s surface may not accurately reflect
early impact events.
A) suggesting
B) suggests
C) suggest
D) have suggested
4. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Many insects are iridescent, or have colors that ______ to shimmer and change when seen from different angles.
A) appears
B) appear
C) was appearing
D) to appear
U
5. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
“In addition to her creative literary works, Braschi ______ academic pieces analyzing writings by Miguel de Cervantes,
Federico García Lorca, and other authors.”
A) to produce
B) produce
C) have produced
D) has produced
6. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Atoms in a synchrotron, a type of circular particle accelerator, ______ faster and faster until they reach a desired energy
level.
A) travel
B) travels
C) travelling
D) has travelled
7. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
The award-winning book is Harris’s first novel, but her writing ______ honored before.
A) were
B) have been
C) has been
D) are
8. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
In winter, the diets of Japanese macaques, also known as snow monkeys, ______ more by food availability than by food
preference.
A) is influenced
B) influenced
C) are influenced
D) have influenced
9. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Gathering accurate data on water flow in the United States ______ challenging because of the country’s millions of miles
of waterways and the fact that the volume and speed of water at any given location can vary drastically over time.
A) were
B) is
C) are
D) have
10. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Designing disorienting spaces like those in the Gins and Arakawa building ______ the most effective way to create a
physically stimulating environment.
A) are
B) being
C) is
D) have been
11. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Following the principles of community-based participatory research, ………………………….
A) tribal nations and research institutions are equal partners in health studies conducted on reservations.
B) health studies conducted on reservations are equal partners of tribal nations and research institutions.
C) reservations were conducted on health studies by equal partners: tribal nations and research institutions.
D) tribal nations’ health studies were conducted on reservations by equal partners.
12. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) the efficiency gains over the long term realized by merged companies do result in economic benefits for consumers.
B) they show that over the long term, the efficiency gains realized by merged companies do result in economic benefits for
consumers.
C) economic benefits for consumers were resulted by merged companies over the long term.
D) merged companies’ efficiency gains resulted in economic benefits for consumers over the long term.
13. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Believing that living in an impractical space can heighten awareness and even improve health, ………………………..
14. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
In 2014, Marie Watt arranged folded blankets into two large stacks and then cast them in bronze, …………… two curving
18-foot-tall blue-bronze pillars.
A) creating
B) creates
C) created
D) was creating
15. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) spiders in two enclosures, one with lizards and one without, were tracked by a student for 30 days in a biology class.
B) two enclosures were placed: one with lizards and one without, tracked the number of spiders in the enclosures for 30
days.
C) a student in a biology class placed spiders in two enclosures, one with lizards and one without, and tracked the number of
spiders in the enclosures for 30 days.
D) the number of spiders in two enclosures, one with lizards and one without, was tracked by a student in a biology class for
30 days.
16. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Having four legs but the skull and teeth of a seal, ………………………………………….
A) the rare fossil’s early stage in the evolution of pinnipeds illustrates its land-dwelling ancestor.
B) pinnipeds’ evolution illustrates the rare fossil’s land-dwelling ancestor.
C) the rare fossil illustrates an early stage in the evolution of pinnipeds from their land-dwelling ancestors.
D) an early stage of the rare fossil illustrates the evolution of pinnipeds from their land-dwelling ancestors.
18. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Enriquez has completed portraits of numerous Mexican Americans, ………… sculptor Luis Jimenez and writer Rudolfo
Anaya.
A) to include
B) included
C) including
D) includes
19. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Boldly mixing elements of poetry, fiction, drama, philosophy, and manifesto, …………………..….
A) Puerto Rican writer Giannina Braschi’s cross-genre literature exploring themes such as immigration and independence.
B) Puerto Rican writer Giannina Braschi creates cross-genre literature that explores themes such as immigration and
independence.
C) themes such as immigration and independence created by Puerto Rican writer Giannina Braschi.
D) cross-genre literature that the writer Giannina Braschi creates explore themes such as immigration and independence.
20. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Although the monkeys prefer to eat vegetation and land-dwelling invertebrates, those food sources may become unavailable
because of extensive snow and ice cover, ______ the monkeys to hunt for marine animals in any streams that have not frozen
over.
A) forces
B) to force
C) forced
D) forcing
21. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
She has indeed been able to ……….. through all the obstacles which she had to face throughout her career.
A) persevere
B) derive
C) circulate
D) implement
22. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
However, the application of these techniques involves several ………….. to the reliability and cost of the systems.
A) structures
B) constraints
C) simulations
D) maintenances
23. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Would you trust a surgeon who lacks ………….. to remove your appendix? His lack of precision might result in the
accidental removal of your spleen.
A) precipitation
B) migration
C) accuracy
D) cultivation
24. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Researchers, for instance, can help shape results by ………….. preferred outcomes and subtly providing conditions that favor
their development.
A) obtaining
B) adjusting
C) anticipating
D) unleashing
25. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
In addition, the chemical must be economically ………….. and must not be hazardous to the environment and other
organisms.
A) adverse
B) discrete
C) arbitrary
D) feasible
26. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Where ownership is not committed to long-term success, the …………… for ongoing performance improvement is poor.
A) prognosis
B) per capita
C) inflation
D) ratio
27. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
The expressive theory implies that changing social structure will determine changing patterns of party ……….. .
A) allegiance
B) folklore
C) vein
D) divination
28. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
However, non-typable clones were also encountered in relatively large numbers and as could be seen from their sources, they
were also involved in …………. infections.
A) longitude
B) invasive
C) prevailing
D) tangible
29. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Claims that money had been wasted were ………. by the chairman of the committee.
A) prejudiced
B) biased
C) denied
D) suspended
30. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
In order to identify the problems that undermined the study, a questionnaire was ………… by the lead researcher.
A) annexed
B) collapsed
C) devised
D) augmented