Chapter 28

Module 8

Reading and Writing - 27 Questions

DIRECTIONS: The questions in this section are designed to test your reading and writing
abilities. Each question will provide you with one or more passages. It is important to
thoroughly read each passage and question before selecting the best answer based on the
information provided. All of the questions in this section are multiple-choice and will have
four options to choose from. There is only one correct answer for each question.

1. In 1997, biotechnologist Dr. Jane Collins developed a groundbreaking technique for edit-
ing plant genomes. By precisely targeting specific genes, Collins’s method enabled sci-
entists to modify crop traits such as pest resistance, drought tolerance, and nutritional
content. This innovation revolutionized agriculture, leading to increased food production
and reduced environmental impact. Today, her technique continues to shape the future
of sustainable farming practices.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A) To discuss the ethical implications of gene editing in plants and their potential con-
sequences
B) To highlight Dr. Jane Collins’s significant contribution to the field of biotechnology
and its impact on agriculture
C) To argue that other biotechnological advancements are overshadowing Dr. Collins’s
work
D) To describe the process of editing plant genomes in detail and its various applications

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2. In the 1985 science fiction film ’Back to the Future,’ teenager Marty McFly accidentally
travels back in time to the year 1955 using a time machine created by eccentric scientist
Doc Brown. Marty’s presence in the past jeopardizes his own existence as he interferes
with his parents’ meeting, and he must ensure they fall in love to secure his future.
Throughout the film, Marty and Doc work together to restore the timeline and find a way
for Marty to return to 1985.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A) To summarize the central plot and conflicts of the film ’Back to the Future’
B) To analyze the scientific accuracy of the time travel concepts in ’Back to the Future’
C) To compare the cultural differences between 1955 and 1985 as portrayed in ’Back to
the Future’
D) To discuss the impact of ’Back to the Future’ on the careers of its lead actors

3. Text 1: Motocross racer Alice Jamison is renowned for her unconventional racing style,
which allows her to gain an edge over opponents. Many racers strictly adhere to traditional
techniques, but Jamison’s innovative approach has opened up possibilities for new racing
strategies.

Text 2: In a recent interview, motocross coach and former racer Tom Harrison discussed
the evolution of racing strategies. Harrison emphasized the importance of adapting to
changing conditions and exploring alternative techniques, arguing that racers who stick
to conventional methods may struggle to keep up with the sport’s advancements.

Based on the texts, how would Tom Harrison (Text 2) most likely respond to the racing
style of Alice Jamison (Text 1)?

A) By asserting that her unconventional style is detrimental to her overall performance

B) By appreciating her willingness to explore new strategies and adapt to the sport’s
evolution
C) By questioning her ability to maintain consistent results with an innovative approach
D) By expressing concerns about the potential risks associated with deviating from
traditional techniques

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4. Before becoming the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama worked as a
community organizer, a civil rights attorney, and a law professor. In 1996, he to
the Illinois State Senate, where he served for eight years.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?

A) was elected
B) being elected
C) to be elected
D) electing

5. Remote sensing is a valuable tool for monitoring the Earth’s surface. Using satellite im-
agery, researchers can gather data on various environmental factors such as temperature,
vegetation, and precipitation. By analyzing this data, scientists can models to
predict climate change and assess the impact of human activities on the environment.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?

A) utilized
B) having utilized
C) utilizing
D) utilize

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6. Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, conducted groundbreaking research on radioactivity.
She the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to have
won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields: physics and chemistry.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?

A) became
B) becoming
C) to become
D) would become

7. In the 1980s, the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers were two of the most dominant
teams in the NBA. Their intense rivalry to a series of memorable championship
clashes, featuring legendary players like Larry Bird and Magic Johnson.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?

A) to lead
B) leading
C) led
D) leads

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8. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Alan Turing was a British mathematician and computer scientist.

• Turing developed the concept of the Turing machine, a theoretical device that laid
the foundation for modern computers.
• During World War II, Turing played a crucial role in breaking the German Enigma
code.
• Turing’s work in artificial intelligence led to the creation of the Turing Test, which
evaluates a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to emphasize
Turing’s contributions to the field of computer science?

A) Alan Turing, a pioneer in computer science, developed the Turing machine concept
and laid the groundwork for artificial intelligence with the Turing Test.
B) Turing was a British scientist whose work in artificial intelligence led to the Turing
Test.
C) Alan Turing, a British mathematician, developed the theoretical concept of the Turing
machine.
D) Alan Turing was a mathematician who helped break the Enigma code during World
War II.

9. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Lacrosse is a fast-paced sport with Native American origins.

• The game is played using a small rubber ball and a long-handled stick called a crosse.
• There are two main versions of lacrosse: field lacrosse and box lacrosse.
• In both versions, the objective is to score goals by shooting the ball into the opposing
team’s net.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to explain the
main objective in Lacrosse?

A) Lacrosse is a fast-paced sport with an objective to run faster than the opposing team.
B) The primary objective in both field and box lacrosse is to score goals by propelling
the ball into the opposing team’s net using a crosse.
C) The objective of lacrosse is to have the most players on the field at the end of the
game.

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 D) The goal of lacrosse is to pass the ball between players using their crosses without
dropping the ball.

10. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Perfect competition is a market structure with many buyers and sellers.

• In perfect competition, firms produce homogeneous products.
• Barriers to entry and exit are minimal in perfect competition.
• Firms in perfect competition are price takers.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to describe the
characteristics of perfect competition?

A) Perfect competition is a market structure with many buyers and sellers, homogeneous
products, and minimal barriers to entry and exit, making firms price takers.
B) Perfect competition involves many buyers and sellers, but the products are not ho-
mogeneous.
C) In perfect competition, firms produce homogeneous products, but there are significant
barriers to entry and exit.
D) Firms in perfect competition are price takers, but the market structure does not
involve many buyers and sellers.

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11. The Good Friday Agreement, signed in 1998, brought an end to decades of conflict in
Northern Ireland. It created power-sharing arrangements between political parties and
established a between the governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom,
fostering cooperation and dialogue.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?

A) relation’s
B) relations’
C) relationships’
D) relationship

12. During their time at the university, best friends Jessica and Rebecca became inseparable.
They shared not only their love for studying literature, but also their passion for hiking
and exploring nature. After graduation, they decided to embark on a six-month journey,
where they would visit various national parks and hike through the trails.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?

A) countrys’
B) country’s
C) countries
D) countries’

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13. Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, also made significant contributions
to the field of aviation. Bell’s interest in flight led him to establish the Aerial Experiment
Association (AEA) in 1907, which aimed to develop heavier-than-air flying machines.
The AEA created several successful aircraft, with Bell playing a crucial role in their
and engineering.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?

A) designed
B) designs,
C) design’s
D) design

14. Cleopatra was a skilled diplomat, a brilliant military strategist, and the last Pharaoh of
Ancient Egypt. Her reign was marked by a series of tumultuous events, including wars,
assassinations, and political intrigue. Despite her many accomplishments, Cleopatra’s life
ended in tragedy when she was captured and forced to commit by her Roman
captors.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) celebration
B) resignation
C) espionage
D) suicide

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15. Hedy Lamarr, an actress and inventor, co-developed a frequency-hopping technology
during World War II. This invention later became the foundation for modern spread-
spectrum communication technologies, such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Lamarr’s work was
for years, until her contributions were finally recognized in the 1990s.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) publicized
B) unrivaled
C) overlooked
D) copied

16. The Uruguayan milonga, a precursor to the tango, is a lively dance characterized by its
syncopated rhythms and intricate footwork. It has its roots in African musical traditions
and was developed in the 19th century by the Afro-Uruguayan community. Over time,
the milonga has evolved into a social event, attracting dancers and musicians
from all walks of life.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) vibrant
B) secluded
C) monotonous
D) predictable

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17. In the world of powerlifting, three primary exercises are vital for success: the squat, the
bench press, and the deadlift. These exercises involve compound movements that engage
multiple muscle groups, providing a comprehensive strength-building workout. Athletes
often dedicate specific days to each of these exercises, ensuring they have ample time to
perfect their form and build the necessary strength. A well-rounded powerlifting program
incorporates these exercises, along with accessory movements, to maximize the athlete’s
potential.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) The three primary exercises in powerlifting and their role in a well-rounded program
B) How powerlifting exercises focus on isolating individual muscle groups
C) The importance of perfecting form to prevent injury in powerlifting
D) The benefits of incorporating accessory movements in a powerlifting routine

18. During the French Revolution, the radical Jacobin party, led by Robespierre, sought to
create a new society based on reason and equality. In their pursuit of these ideals, they
instituted the Reign of Terror, executing thousands of perceived enemies. The revolution
ultimately led to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, a military leader who seized power and
declared himself Emperor.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) The French Revolution, driven by radical ideals, led to the Reign of Terror and the
rise of Napoleon.
B) Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power was unrelated to the French Revolution.
C) The Reign of Terror was a necessary step for the French Revolution to succeed.
D) Robespierre’s leadership during the French Revolution prevented the establishment
of a democratic government.

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19. During the Russian Revolution, the power struggle between the Bolsheviks and the Pro-
visional Government intensified. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, advocated for a
socialist government, while the Provisional Government aimed to restore a constitutional
monarchy. As the revolution unfolded, the Bolsheviks gained popular support, ultimately
leading to their victory and the establishment of the Soviet Union.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) The Bolsheviks’ rise to power was primarily due to their charismatic leader, Vladimir
Lenin.
B) The Provisional Government’s attempt to restore the monarchy was the main cause
of the Russian Revolution.
C) The Russian Revolution was a minor conflict between various factions, with little
lasting impact on Russia’s political landscape.
D) The power struggle between the Bolsheviks and Provisional Government during the
Russian Revolution resulted in the Bolsheviks’ victory and the Soviet Union’s estab-
lishment.

20. Paper engineers have developed a new technique to enhance the strength of paper products
by adding a specialized polymer. This method not only improves the durability of paper
items but also reduces environmental impact, as the modified paper can be recycled
without compromising quality.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the effectiveness of the new technique?

A) Some paper engineers have expressed concerns about the long-term viability of the
polymer used in the new technique.
B) Products made with the new technique show a 50% increase in strength and a higher
recycling rate compared to conventional paper products.
C) The new technique has been adopted by a few companies as an alternative to tradi-
tional paper manufacturing processes.
D) A different technique involving nanocellulose fibers has also been proposed to increase
the strength of paper products.

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21. In the aftermath of Brexit, many UK-based companies shifted their operations to other
EU countries. A study examined the impact of this relocation on the economies of the
countries where these companies moved.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the claim that Brexit has positively
impacted the economies of other EU countries?

A) Several EU countries that did not receive a significant number of UK-based companies
also experienced economic growth post-Brexit.
B) A few EU countries experienced a decline in economic growth following Brexit despite
an increase in UK-based companies relocating there.
C) Countries that received a significant number of relocating UK-based companies ex-
perienced higher economic growth post-Brexit.
D) Some UK-based companies that relocated to EU countries faced challenges in adapt-
ing to new regulations and market conditions.

22. Zadie Smith, a renowned British author, is known for exploring themes of cultural, racial,
and social identity in her novels. Her first novel, White Teeth, was published in 2000 and
has since garnered critical acclaim and numerous awards.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the claim that Zadie Smith’s novels
have had a significant impact on contemporary literature?

A) The number of novels exploring cultural, racial, and social identity themes has in-
creased since the release of White Teeth.
B) Zadie Smith’s novels have been adapted into successful film and television produc-
tions.
C) Zadie Smith has received prestigious literary awards for her novels, including the Man
Booker Prize.
D) Zadie Smith’s novels have been translated into multiple languages and are available
worldwide.

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23. The Organization of American States (OAS) fosters cooperation among its member states,
aiming to promote democracy, human rights, and economic development within the West-
ern Hemisphere. However, critics argue that the OAS has been biased towards certain
political ideologies, which may have resulted in .

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) a complete disregard for the economic development of the Western Hemisphere

B) the organization’s actions and decisions being influenced by specific political interests
C) an increased focus on improving cultural ties among member states
D) a decline in the overall effectiveness of the OAS in promoting democracy and human
rights

24. A command economy is an economic system in which the government controls the produc-
tion, allocation, and prices of goods and services. While it can lead to a stable economic
environment, critics argue that the lack of market competition may result in inefficient
production and allocation of resources, ultimately leading to .

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) increased individual freedom for citizens

B) stagnation and limited innovation in the long run
C) higher levels of income inequality among the population
D) greater incentives for entrepreneurship and private investment

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25. The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American tribes from their
ancestral homelands in the southeastern United States to areas west of the Mississippi
River. Thousands of Native Americans suffered and died during the forced marches.
this tragic event had a lasting impact on the tribes involved, causing cultural
disruption and loss of traditional lands.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) On the other hand

B) Similarly
C) Consequently
D) Alternatively

26. Fly fishing is a popular angling method that uses an artificial ’fly’ to catch fish. The
fly is cast using a specialized weighted line, and the method requires a great deal of
skill and practice to master. fly fishing is often considered a more challenging
and rewarding form of angling compared to traditional bait fishing. Enthusiasts enjoy
the artistry involved in casting the fly and the connection with nature that comes from
standing waist-deep in a river or stream.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) On the other hand

B) In contrast
C) Consequently
D) Alternatively

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27. James Watson, an American molecular biologist, is best known for his discovery of the
structure of DNA, along with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin. This groundbreaking
work earned them the Nobel Prize in 1962. Watson went on to write a contro-
versial memoir called ’The Double Helix,’ in which he chronicled the discovery and the
scientific community’s reactions.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) However
B) In addition
C) Subsequently
D) Alternatively

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