Heat Transfer(ME431)

Section 13 – Forced Convection

Flow Across Banks of Tubes
ENG. ZIAD ASHRAF ABOULSEOUD

College of Engineering & Technology

Mechanical Engineering Department (Mechatronics Program)
 Flow Across Banks of Tubes

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 𝐴1 = 𝑆𝑇 𝐿
𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑆𝑇 − 𝐷 𝐿
𝐴𝐷 = 𝑆𝐷 − 𝐷 𝐿

Arrangement of the tubes in in-line and staggered tube banks (A1, AT, and AD are flow areas at indicated locations, and L is the length of the tubes).

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If 𝑇𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑇𝑠
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 6
Summary
1 Get all properties from table 𝑇𝑚 All properties 𝑻𝒊 + 𝑻𝒆
𝑇𝑖 𝜌𝑖 𝑚ሶ 𝑻𝒎 =
𝑃𝑟𝑠 𝟐
2 Calculate 𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 (check if staggered) 𝑇𝑠

3 Calculate 𝑹𝒆𝑫𝒎𝒂𝒙
Choose 𝑵𝒖𝑫 correlation based on: 𝑹𝒆𝑫𝒎𝒂𝒙 & arrangement of tubes If 𝑵𝑳 < 𝟏𝟔 calculate F (correction
4 factor) & new Nusselt number
0.25
𝑚 𝑛 𝑃𝑟 becomes 𝑵𝒖𝑫,𝑵 <𝟏𝟔 = 𝑭𝑵𝒖𝑫
𝑁𝑢𝐷 = C𝑅𝑒𝐷 𝑃𝑟 𝑳
𝑃𝑟𝑠
𝑵𝒖𝑫 𝒌
5 Calculate ℎ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚: 𝒉 = 𝑫

𝑵 = 𝑵𝑳 𝑵𝑻 𝑨𝒔 = 𝑵𝝅𝑫𝑳
𝒎ሶ = 𝝆𝒊 𝑽(𝑵𝑻 𝑺𝑻 𝑳)
6 Check 𝑨 𝒉 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
− ሶ𝒔
𝑇𝑒 𝑖𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑻𝒆 = 𝑻𝒔 − (𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒊 )𝒆 𝒎𝒄𝑷
∆𝑻𝒆 − ∆𝑻𝒊
7 ∆𝑻𝒍𝒎 = 8
𝒍𝒏
∆𝑻𝒆
ൗ∆𝑻 𝑸ሶ = 𝒉𝑨𝒔 ∆𝑻𝒍𝒎 = 𝒎𝑪
ሶ 𝒑 (𝑻𝒆 − 𝑻𝒊 ) 𝑸ሶ = 𝒎𝒉
ሶ 𝒇𝒈
𝒊

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 Summary
𝝆𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐
9 ∆𝑷 = 𝑵𝑳 𝐟𝐗
𝟐

Inline: 𝑹𝒆𝑫𝒎𝒂𝒙 & 𝑷𝑳

𝐟 (friction factor)
Staggered: 𝑹𝒆𝑫𝒎𝒂𝒙 & 𝑷𝑻

If arrangement is square in case of inline or

𝐗=𝟏
equilateral in case of staggered
(𝑷𝑻 − 1)/(𝑷𝑳 − 𝟏) inline
Otherwise
(𝑷𝑻 )/(𝑷𝑳 ) staggered

10 𝑾ሶ 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 = 𝑽∆𝑷
ሶ ሶ
𝒎∆𝑷
𝑾ሶ 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 =
𝝆𝒊

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 Sheet 4

𝑵𝑻
𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 ∴ =𝟏 𝑵𝑳
𝑳 = 𝟏𝒎

Assume 𝑇𝑒 = 25℃
𝑇𝑖 + 𝑇𝑒 15 + 25
𝑇𝑚 = = = 20℃
2 2

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 Sheet 4

4
3

Correction required to 𝑵𝒖𝑫

Corrected Nu
5
Use interpolation

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 Sheet 4

𝒈𝒐𝒐𝒅 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

6

∆𝑻𝒆 = 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒆
7 ∆𝑻𝒆 − ∆𝑻𝒊 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒆 − (𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒊 ) 𝟗𝟎 − 𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟏 − (𝟗𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓)
∆𝑻𝒍𝒎 = = = = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟎𝟖℃ ∆𝑻𝒊 = 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒊
∆𝑻𝒆 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒆 (𝟗𝟎 − 𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟏)
𝒍𝒏 ൗ∆𝑻 𝒍𝒏 ൗ𝑻 − 𝑻 𝒍𝒏 ൘(𝟗𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓)
𝒊 𝒔 𝒊

8 𝑸ሶ = 𝒎𝑪
ሶ 𝒑 (𝑻𝒆 − 𝑻𝒊 )

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 Sheet 4

𝝆𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐
9 ∆𝑷 = 𝑵𝑳 𝐟𝐗
𝟐

For friction factor

= 9 ∗ 103

𝑺𝑳 𝟓
𝑷𝑳 = = = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟖 0.22
𝑫 𝟐. 𝟏

10 𝑾ሶ 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 = 𝑽∆𝑷
ሶ ሶ
𝒎∆𝑷
𝑾ሶ 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 =
𝝆𝒊 9 ∗ 103

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 Sheet 4 Phase change

Assume 𝑇𝑒 = 50℃
𝑇𝑖 + 𝑇𝑒 20 + 50
𝑇𝑚 = = = 35℃
2 2

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 Sheet 4

𝑺𝑻 𝟐
𝑺𝑫 = 𝑺𝑳 𝟐 + ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟕𝟐 𝒎
𝟐
𝑺𝑻
𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 < 𝑵𝑶 ∴ 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒇𝒐𝒓 (𝑰𝒏 − 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆) If YES use 𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐(𝑺 − 𝑫) 𝑽
𝑽 =
𝑫

𝑵𝑳 = 𝟐𝟎 > 𝟏𝟔
∴ 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝑭 = 𝟏

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 Sheet 4

𝒈𝒐𝒐𝒅 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

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 Sheet 4

∆𝑻𝒆 − ∆𝑻𝒊 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒆 − (𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒊 ) 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟗. 𝟔𝟖 − (𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎) ∆𝑻𝒆 = 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒆

∆𝑻𝒍𝒎 = = = = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟎𝟏℃
∆𝑻𝒆 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒆 (𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟗. 𝟔𝟖)
𝒍𝒏 ൗ∆𝑻 𝒍𝒏 ൗ𝑻 − 𝑻 𝒍𝒏 ൘(𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎) ∆𝑻𝒊 = 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻𝒊
𝒊 𝒔 𝒊

𝑊
𝑄ሶ = ℎ𝐴𝑠 ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 = 116.3 .℃ 30.16 𝑚2 64.01℃ = 225 𝐾𝑊
𝑚2

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 Sheet 4

𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝐿

𝝆𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐
∆𝑷 = 𝑵𝑳 𝐟𝐗
𝟐

225(𝑘𝐽/𝑠)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟗𝟕 𝒌𝒈/𝒔
2257(𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔)

ሶ 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝒎ሶ 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟖

𝑾ሶ 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 = 𝑽∆𝑷
ሶ ሶ
𝒎∆𝑷
𝑾ሶ 𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒑 = 8 ∗ 103
𝝆𝒊

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