Rectifiers (basics, HW)

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud Ibrahim

 ‫ إن احتجت التيار ولم يعطى‬:‫مهمة في المسائل‬
use 𝑰𝑭𝒎𝒂𝒙 (region 1 at Va cont.)

DC M/C eq:
𝐸 = 𝑘∅𝜔 DC M/C
𝑃 =𝐼 𝑅
With Diver2
Summery
𝑇𝑚𝑔 = 𝑘∅𝐼𝑎 𝑐𝑢 𝑎 𝑎

Circuit eq: 𝑉𝑎 = 𝐸 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑉𝑓 = 𝐼𝑓 𝑅𝑓
𝑃𝑚𝑔
𝑇𝑚𝑔 =
𝑃𝑎 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 𝐸𝐼𝑎 𝑃𝑓 = 𝑉𝑓 𝐼𝑓 𝜔
𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 =
DC Voltage Control 𝜔
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝜂=
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡
Rectifier Chopper
𝑃𝑠 = 𝑃𝑜 = 𝑉𝑜 𝐼𝑜
(AC to controlled DC) (DC to controlled DC)

‫أهم أسئلة النظري من المحاضرة‬

𝐼𝑜

2𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑜 = cos 𝛼
𝜋

AC givens: RMS Voltage (if not mentioned) 𝑉𝑚 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 2

Content
 Basics (RMS, AVG ,D, th)
 Half wave (HW)
 Full wave (FW)
 RMS & AVG
𝑏 𝑏
1 1 2
𝐴𝐴𝑉𝐺 = (𝐴 𝑒𝑞) , 𝐴𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 𝐴 𝑒𝑞
𝑇 𝑇
𝑎 𝑎

Steps:
1. Determined the Shape which repeat .:. Small period is T
2. Get the equation of the waveform (A eq)
3. Integrate the equation within its definition period (a to b)
Note: if the waveform consist of more than equation, use the following rule:
𝑏 𝑑
1 2 2
𝐴𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 𝐴 𝑒𝑞 + 𝐴 𝑒𝑞 +⋯
𝑇
𝑎 𝑐
Note: Take one period
22
 Example

Must:
Use the calculator Convert Cal. to Rad
1 2 3 2𝜋/3 𝜋+2𝜋/3
1 2 2 2
1 2 2
𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 10𝑡 + −10 + 10𝑡 − 30 = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟓 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 10 sin 𝑡 + 10 sin 𝑡 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟒
3 2𝜋
0 1 2 0 𝜋
Basics
𝜃𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜃°
 =
𝜋 180
 𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡, 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓
𝑉𝑚
 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜃 ∴ 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
2
 Power in general (for not completely sin wave):
1 1 1
 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃𝑎𝑣 = 𝑣𝑖= 𝑖𝑖𝑅=𝑅 𝑖2 = 𝑰𝟐𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑹
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
2
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
1 1
 𝑃𝐸 = 𝑃𝑎𝑣 = 𝐸𝑖=𝐸 𝑖 = 𝑰𝒂𝒗𝒈 𝑬
𝑇 𝑇
𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔
 𝑃𝐿 (𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟) = 0
𝑎𝑣𝑔
 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑃𝑠 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑠 𝑃𝑎 + 𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑎 𝐼𝑎 + 𝑉𝑓 𝐼𝑓
 𝑝𝑓 = = 𝑝𝑓 = =
𝑆𝑠 𝑉𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠
=
𝑉𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝐼𝑎2 𝑟𝑚𝑠 + 𝐼𝑓2
𝑆𝑠 𝑉𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑟𝑚𝑠
 Basics (1-∅ Rectifier types)
 Half wave (HW)
 Uncontrolled Vo (using D)
 Controlled Vo (using th)
Diode Design (=Rating = specification)
𝐼𝐷 𝑎𝑣𝑔 (≡ 𝐼𝐹 ), 𝑉𝐴𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≡ 𝑉𝑅 𝑚𝑎𝑥
 Loads type: R, L, E
Full wave (FW) Bridge
on (sc)
off (oc)
D: If 𝑣𝐴 > 𝑣𝐾 on (sc), else off (oc)
𝐼𝐺 (𝑎𝑡 𝛼) th: st lately at 𝛼 (firing angle)
L: close lately(𝛽). If L is large (I≠0): on until next
If L large (level current): 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔
Half wave (HW) Rectifier
 𝑣𝑠
HW concept (R Load, uncontrolled) 𝑫 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
+ 𝑣𝐴𝐾 −
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑖𝑠 =𝑖𝐷 = 𝑖𝐿
𝑣𝑠 /𝑅

𝑣𝐴𝐾 𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝑠
 Self

𝑣𝑠
HW concept (R Load, uncontrolled) 𝒐𝒇𝒇 𝒕𝒉
𝑫 𝒐𝒏

th th
𝜶 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑖𝐿
𝑣𝑠 /𝑅

𝑣𝐴𝐾 𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝜶 𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝑠
 𝑣𝑠
Prob 1 (𝐼𝐿 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ) 𝑫𝟏 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠

𝑉𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 220 𝑉, 𝑓 = 50 𝐻𝑧
𝑅𝐿 = 50 Ω 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑖𝐿
𝑣𝑠 /𝑅
𝜋 𝜋
1 𝑣𝑠 1 220 2 sin 𝜃
𝐼𝑜𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟖 𝑨 Self
𝝅 𝟐𝝅
2𝜋 𝑅𝐿 2𝜋 𝑅𝐿
0 0
 𝑣𝑠
Prob 2 (α 𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝐼𝐿 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 5 𝐴) 𝑫 𝒐𝒏
𝒕𝒉
th

𝜶 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠

𝑉𝑠𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 220 𝑉, 𝑓 = 50 𝐻𝑧
𝑅𝐿 = 10 Ω 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑖𝐿
𝑣𝑠 /𝑅
𝜋 𝜋
1 𝑣𝑠 1 220 2 sin 𝜃 220 2
𝐼𝑜𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = (cos 𝛼 − cos 𝜋) = 5 𝐴
2𝜋 𝑅𝐿 2𝜋 10 2𝜋 × 10 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝛼 𝛼
∴ 𝛼 = 1.56 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 89.44°

∴ 180° ≥ 𝛼 ≥ 89.44° Self

HW (R-L Load, uncontrolled) 𝑣𝑠
𝑫 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
+ 𝑣𝐴𝐾 −
𝑖𝐿

𝑣𝐿 𝝅 𝜷 𝟐𝝅

𝑣𝑠

𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝛽
1
𝑉𝑜𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜃
2𝜋
𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅 𝟐𝝅 0
delay 𝜶 if contolled
Rectifiers (FW)

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud Ibrahim

Full wave (FW) Bridge Rectifier
Bridge concept (R Load, uncontrolled) 𝑣𝑠
𝑫𝟏 , 𝑫𝟐 𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝟑 , 𝑫𝟒 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠 −𝑣𝑠

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑖𝐿
𝑣𝑠 /𝑅 −𝑣𝑠 /𝑅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐴𝐾1

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝑠
 Self

Bridge concept (R Load, uncontrolled) 𝑣𝑠 𝑫𝟏 , 𝑫𝟐 𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝟑 , 𝑫𝟒 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠 −𝑣𝑠

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑖𝐿 𝑣𝑠 /𝑅 −𝑣𝑠 /𝑅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑖𝐷1 𝑣𝑠 /𝑅

𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑠 /𝑅 𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐴𝐾1 𝑣𝑠 /𝑅
𝜋
1
𝑉𝑜𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜃 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝜋
0 𝑣𝑠
 𝑣𝑠
Bridge concept (R Load, controlled) 𝒐𝒇𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝟏,𝟐 𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝟑,𝟒 𝒐𝒏

𝜶 𝝅 𝝅+𝜶 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠 −𝑣𝑠

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑖𝐿
𝑣𝑠 /𝑅 −𝑣𝑠 /𝑅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝜋
1
𝑉𝑜𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜃
𝜋
𝛼
Bridge (R-L Load, uncontrolled) 𝑣𝑠
𝑫𝟏 , 𝑫𝟐 𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝟑 , 𝑫𝟒 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝑖𝐿

𝝅 𝜷 𝟐𝝅

L effect:
𝐷1,2 on more to let i pass
But another pass is allowed (𝐷3,4 on)

∴ 𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
Bridge (R-L Load, uncontrolled) 𝑣𝑠
𝑫𝟏 , 𝑫𝟐 𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝟑 , 𝑫𝟒 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝑖𝐿

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠 −𝑣𝑠

𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝐿
𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅 𝟐𝝅 −𝑖𝐿
 Self

Bridge (R-L Load, uncontrolled) 𝑣𝑠

𝑫𝟏 , 𝑫𝟐 𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝟑 , 𝑫𝟒 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝑖𝐿

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐿
𝑣𝑠 −𝑣𝑠

𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝐿
𝝅 𝟐𝝅

𝝅 𝟐𝝅
−𝑖𝐿
 𝑣𝑠
Bridge (R-L Load, controlled) 𝟑, 𝟒 𝒕𝒉𝟏,𝟐 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝟑,𝟒 𝒐𝒏
on

𝜶 𝝅 𝝅+𝜶 𝟐𝝅

𝑖𝐿

𝑣𝐿 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝑠 −𝑣𝑠

𝑣𝝅
𝑠
𝟐𝝅

𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑅𝐿𝐸 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡. )

 𝑣𝑠
Prob 3 (get 𝐼𝐹 ) 𝑫𝟏 , 𝑫𝟐 𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝟑 , 𝑫𝟒 𝒐𝒏

𝝅 𝟐𝝅

Field circuit of Sep. Motor: 𝑖𝐹

𝑅𝑓 = 10 Ω
𝐿𝑓 𝑠𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 (𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝑣𝐹
𝑣𝑠 −𝑣𝑠

𝑉𝑠 𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 230 𝑉
𝑓 = 50 𝐻𝑧 𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝜋 𝜋
𝑉𝑜𝑎𝑣𝑔 1 1
𝐼𝐹 = 𝐼𝑜𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 𝑣𝑠 = 230 2 sin 𝜃 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕 𝑨
𝑅𝑓 𝜋𝑅𝑓 𝜋𝑅𝑓
0 0