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463
Test Bank
Questions for Chapter 1
What is the negation of the propositions in 1–4?
1. Abby has more than 300 friends on Facebook.
2. Alissa owns more quilts than Federico.
3. A messaging package for a cell phone costs less than $20 per month.
4. 4.5 + 2.5 = 6
In questions 5–9, determine whether the proposition is TRUE or FALSE.
5. 1 + 1 = 3 if and only if 2 + 2 = 3 .
6. If it is raining, then it is raining.
7. If 1 < 0 , then 3 = 4 .
8. If 2 + 1 = 3 , then 2 = 3 − 1 .
9. If 1 + 1 = 2 or 1 + 1 = 3 , then 2 + 2 = 3 and 2 + 2 = 4 .
10. Write the truth table for the proposition ¬(r → ¬q) ∨ (p ∧ ¬r) .
11. (a) Find a proposition with the truth table at the right. p ¬p ?
(b) Find a proposition using only p, q, ¬, and the connective ∨ that has this T T F
truth table. T F F
F T T
F F F
12. Find a proposition with three variables p , q , and r that is true when p and r are true and q is false, and
false otherwise.
13. Find a proposition with three variables p, q , and r that is true when at most one of the three variables is
true, and false otherwise.
14. Find a proposition with three variables p , q , and r that is never true.
15. Find a proposition using only p, q, ¬, and the connective ∨ with the truth table p ¬p ?
at the right. T T F
T F T
F T T
F F F
In 16–17, use the conditional-disjunction equivalence to find an equivalent compound proposition that does not
involve conditions.
16. ¬p → q
17. p → (p ∧ q)
18. Determine whether p → (q → r) and p → (q ∧ r) are equivalent.
19. Determine whether p → (q → r) is equivalent to (p → q) → r .
20. Determine whether (p → q) ∧ (¬p → q) ≡ q .
21. Write a proposition equivalent to p ∨ ¬q that uses only p, q, ¬, and the connective ∧.
22. Write a proposition equivalent to ¬p ∧ ¬q using only p, q, ¬, and the connective ∨.
23. Prove that the proposition “if it is not hot, then it is hot” is equivalent to “it is hot.”
24. Write a proposition equivalent to p → q using only p, q, ¬, and the connective ∨.
25. Write a proposition equivalent to p → q using only p, q, ¬, and the connective ∧.
26. Prove that p → q and its converse are not logically equivalent.
27. Prove that ¬p → ¬q and its inverse are not logically equivalent.
28. Determine whether the following two propositions are logically equivalent: p ∨ (q ∧ r), (p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r) .
29. Determine whether the following two propositions are logically equivalent: p → (¬q ∧ r), ¬p ∨ ¬(r → q) .
30. Prove that (q ∧ (p → ¬q)) → ¬p is a tautology using propositional equivalence and the laws of logic.
31. Determine whether this proposition is a tautology: ((p → q) ∧ ¬p) → ¬q .
32. Determine whether this proposition is a tautology: ((p → ¬q) ∧ q) → ¬p .
In 33–39, write the statement in the form “If . . . , then . . . .”
33. x is even only if y is odd.
34. A implies B .
35. It is hot whenever it is sunny.
36. To get a good grade it is necessary that you study.
37. Studying is sufficient for passing.
38. The team wins if the quarterback can pass.
39. You need to be registered in order to check out library books.
40. Write the contrapositive, converse, and inverse of the following: If you try hard, then you will win.
41. Write the contrapositive, converse, and inverse of the following: You sleep late if it is Saturday.
In 42–44 write the negation of the statement. (Don’t write “It is not true that . . . .”)
42. It is Thursday and it is cold.
43. I will go to the play or read a book, but not both.
44. If it is rainy, then we go to the movies.
45. Explain why the negation of “Al and Bill are absent” is not “Al and Bill are present.”
46. Using c for “it is cold” and d for “it is dry,” write “It is neither cold nor dry” in symbols.
47. Using c for “it is cold” and r for “it is rainy,” write “It is rainy if it is not cold” in symbols.
48. Using c for “it is cold” and w for “it is windy,” write “To be windy it is necessary that it be cold” in symbols.
49. Using c for “it is cold,” r for “it is rainy,” and w for “it is windy,” write “It is rainy only if it is windy and
cold” in symbols.
50. Express r ⊕ d in English, where r is “it is rainy” and d is “it is dry.”
51. Translate the given statement into propositional logic using the propositions provided: On certain highways
in the Washington, DC metro area you are allowed to travel on high occupancy lanes during rush hour only
if there are at least three passengers in the vehicle. Express your answer in terms of r:“You are traveling
during rush hour.” t:“You are riding in a car with at least three passengers.” and h:“You can travel on a
high occupancy lane.”
52. A set of propositions is consistent if there is an assignment of truth values to each of the variables in the
propositions that makes each proposition true. Is the following set of propositions consistent?
The system is in multiuser state if and only if it is operating normally.
If the system is operating normally, the kernel is functioning.
The kernel is not functioning or the system is in interrupt mode.
If the system is not in multiuser state, then it is in interrupt mode.
The system is in interrupt mode.
53. What Boolean search could you use to look for web pages about U.S. national forests not in Alaska or Hawaii?
Chapter 1 Test Bank 465
54. On the island of knights and knaves you encounter two people, A and B . Person A says “B is a knave.”
Person B says “We are both knights.” Determine whether each person is a knight or a knave.
55. On the island of knights and knaves you encounter two people, A and B . Person A says “B is a knave.”
Person B says “At least one of us is a knight.” Determine whether each person is a knight or a knave.
Questions 56–58 relate to inhabitants of an island on which there are three kinds of people: knights who always
tell the truth, knaves who always lie, and spies who can either tell the truth or lie. You encounter three people, A ,
B , and C . You know one of the three people is a knight, one is a knave, and one is a spy. Each of the three people
knows the type of person each of the other two is. For each of these situations, if possible, determine whether there
is a unique solution, list all possible solutions or state that there are no solutions.
56. A says “I am not a knight,” B says “I am not a spy,” and C says “I am not a knave.”
57. A says “I am a spy,” B says “I am a spy” and C says “B is a spy.”
58. A says “I am a knight,” B says “I am a knave,” and C says “I am not a knave.”
Find the output of the combinatorial circuits in 59–60.
59.
p
q
r
60.
p
q
q
r
Construct a combinatorial circuit using inverters, OR gates, and AND gates, that produces the outputs in 61–62
from input bits p, q and r .
61. (¬p ∧ ¬q) ∨ (p ∧ ¬r)
62. ((p ∨ ¬q) ∧ r) ∧ ((¬p ∧ ¬q) ∨ r)
Determine whether the compound propositions in 63–64 are satisfiable.
63. (¬p ∨ ¬q) ∧ (p → q)
64. (p → q) ∧ (q → ¬p) ∧ (p ∨ q)
In 65–67 suppose that Q(x) is “x + 1 = 2x ,” where x is a real number. Find the truth value of the statement.
65. Q(2)
66. ∀x Q(x)
67. ∃x Q(x)
In 68–75 P (x, y) means “ x + 2y = xy ,” where x and y are integers. Determine the truth value of the statement.
68. P (1, −1)
69. P (0, 0)
70. ∃y P (3, y)
71. ∀x∃y P (x, y)
72. ∃x∀y P (x, y)
73. ∀y∃x P (x, y)
74. ∃y∀x P (x, y)
75. ¬∀x∃y ¬P (x, y)
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to the assembled company at the barn; and, after an embrace from
her mother, the bride led the way accompanied by her lord and
master, to the dinner table.
“The woods, prairies, and waters, as well as the Galveston
market, had all liberally contributed their share of provender.
Wild turkeys, ducks, geese, haunches of venison, were displayed,
beside roast beaf, pork, red-fish, Irish and sweet potatoes,
pumpkin and apple pie, and an abundant supply of whiskey,
brandy, and Hollands, without which a fête in Texas is nothing
thought of. An hour was consumed in eating and drinking when
Sambo was summoned to take his share in the day’s proceedings.
Tables, such as they were, were cleared away, the floor swept,
partners chosen, and, despite the remonstrance of one of the
faculty present, Dr. Worcester, against dancing so shortly after a
heavy meal, all present, the dissentient included, began to foot it
most nimbly.
“Never was there seen such dancing since the world began,
never such laughing, such screaming, such fiddling. Every one
took off shoes and stockings. I was compelled to do so, to save
the toes of my especial partner, and to the rapid music of the old
negro, reels and country dances were rattled off at a most
surprising rate. All talked, and joked, and laughed, such couples
as were tired retreating to seek refreshment; but the dancing never
ceasing, except at rare intervals, when Sambo gave in from sheer
fatigue and thirst. Such was the state of things until about nine
o’clock, when a sudden diminution in our number was noticed by
all present. The bride and bridegroom were missed, as well as the
four couples who accompanied Luke. Rushing into the open air,
we descried the husband and wife on their fine black horse
galloping beneath the pale moon across the prairie, escorted by
their friends. A loud shout was given them, and those who
remained, returned to the house to renew the dancing which was
kept up until a late hour. It was four days after my departure ere I
regained my companions at Todville.
“Such was the wedding of one of those hardy pioneers of
civilization, whose descendants may yet be members of a great
and powerful nation.”
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*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DIXIE: A
MONTHLY MAGAZINE, VOL. I, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1899 ***
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