&i.

try. fl'yrnon /l6d fi A3/^

IL
t- onclraJ
( LcrLu,c I) f e0tS
Z6/ta/ ?a3.,

,(* ATA chapt,e,

af landiry
fl eals is chapler
(3r)

seats:

' L anJ inj gu,s erc. responsiblcin cotrying tic ai crafL on

flround. Land;nS gea$ ort ret,acLrd du,tnj

flighL in o,dg la

redurc lh._ d,aX

fo,r, on t/i* a,:, c.ra{L.

74t,, ere h,,o {yrt of lon d,hX

flcars acca,rl;ng k, lAr;, !ocolion
in {h. air crolt, $c1 erc

rrl ain I a" d ,,y

F"4- fl ear

n osc lo" dinj fl u,

no5c land;n3
rr1atfi lonJ;E
e6(
3 gu,

T, ftteia tand inl ea( canL{.in

9 s at lc.astt- uthrch, ond /Ae
n osc la"dul gea, usu.ally hat L
c^,f1ecJS
. { At,Lus Ajto

hot (zt-) a,A..Js on tts land;g

9 ro,s)

r : . . .I
 E
lonrJn3

/Jr rraft Struclurc --+

Sl,ock absorb.rcy linclu

5hock obsatbcr ra{r1

l'oot

,/
xy4hock abrrbcr
t/
of
, Jt is con,poscd il, shork absubcrcgl;odcrond lhl- sAocA abso,k,

ram. wAcn (A, *herls at tA, ai(crc{t tauchrsgraund

, tk fr,hclic

encrgydn. to do*n uta,d lnation mut[ 6. $rac]uallyabs,bcl in

otder [o auoid e4(tcss laa& h b, f rcr,,frr.d lo f ,1. air craf t

Slrucfua. 7k tinchc encrl1 du, lo d*n tuard ,nolian r'r grad"olll

sbsa,bcdbJ th, shocl absorbcr.

&cl*een {h. sr\ocA abso$u ,g lindr,, and

6cr (arn,
rhocft obsor

(hr,. ir nitragtn a^d oil,

bo$ af (lrr^ hclpfi danp;ryshocls.
 llj

. n ( o, air) is a {omfrcssillc f lu;d, s o r l < o n u r , { et A <

N; L,oge
I
da"n *ord k;nchc energ
! iolo prcssurc ene,gy) t . e .( i L a b r or b c 5

il. sho',*).O;l is usd in clanpinl slnl.r il h an incomprcssibk

fl";at e( rna(c accu(olcly, iLit wilh ucty lo, anJ nrglrgable

(onpr cssibil; (,y.

hJhen (A, *f,r"l s at il. aircrall [ouchrt (Ae ground, air is

CamD I ct5ed
t.
tA oedcr [o abso,b tA, s hocA ond in ( h;t case
, o;/
T

oc[s aj rtgid racj. Aflc, lhoL, air i: ttqpanded ond ile

oil ar[t 4 5 a tshockdo-p.r)

7F" s{ruclur. of lond,aj uo,/ f," a d csignlo a*11",

fl ears

L af ilr^ arc d,scusscJbelaw

b.a-
ftog*
' 5e' Pafl' (tr) fo, .a cliogra^ af (rigid bea^ 6og;e)

78, (co( *4,.1 [ou.lr.r ground befo,, ilr, fron| */,eel.

hthrn [h. rea( -Ac.l fo,.,.h.s {k grcund, (h. s}roc&cisor6cr i:

t cLracl.d and ll,, l]ont *hrr.l {ou.},.s g rr*nd. 75. b o g i r 6 u o -

s66Laint al, l.al I t+ *A..lr.

 ?- Ar[;rrloLrd, bogis - 1\,--a-,f"]

5c. pogt ( L \) fo, a. diog,o^ o{ atliru laLrd bog;e

. Unl;k< th" rigid bra^ bogie, (4. orI ic,.rtai.d bagir hat

anlS one shoc,kobrorbcr. L ond;ry looc|t 6n (lrc frorL*htzls

are [.onsmilLed (lt,ough lf t /tlr and lcu.. fo ilt, sAociabrorbe

r.

"f-

*y' 5ho.k absorbe.

{,*t
Lf
6r,, ctre L rnoin af .tAoc,t absarbers,tAry are:
\pc

-1 - a i r _ ail *i{lro"t scparolio,. ( alro - ttrilhou( separalia")

' l e . p"g, (orj fo, a lypical aleo- penu

^ati, sAoc,t

o bsorbrrwi llr*'I separation

' Ttr. air il p(essur$ed ouct lA" oir

a;l dirr.Lly wilha"t anJ Stporalton oil

bcl*ecn thrnr,. bJ[ra lood is inc,eased,

{h. air prcs5urr incrcascs

, anJ oi! ob;t;t7 [a

absorb ( o, {o mit in it} air also ,r,llct*cs. T/,is

{rcd,,,r.r lh- ail uistosity\ fo, {lris f ca}on, {Ai,

b Pu of sAocA
absorbers arc uscJ rt >nail aircrafh only^
 ,/
-.y A;, - oil with ,separalion { alco* r,;lh sepc'ra|ion)
tt
5ec fa7c ( orJ fo, a Qpical oleo- penu,not;< sAocft absarbu

uti lh scpo(o Io,

. 7tr, oil c ho^bcr

C ; l c ho ^ b e r
mal be aLoucar
f /aot;"g PisLan (scpo,al,o,)
-,
brl* fA. air cha*bc,
oir cho* br,
accordin7 {o [4. d csign

o f l]r, shac* absarbc,

'rt. ^olion o f (A. floo liy pislan dcy"dt

an lh, niLrogen
t ot c,itJ preS5ure.

^f
(anmercial air crafis, I lr,, rnatc (lron onc r Aa,nbc,
, L

fo, oir and onc f* oil a, en axa*pl<

:

NihoJra( ar a;r) cAo*bcrJ

f lor'L,oCfislanJ
sil cha*be,

floolnj pitlon L

( or oir) cha*be,Z
fu;lroge.,
 .t
rtJl I
I f7r:1e4 I
. TE. :epa rahrs *oJ canlain openings
tvJ'
o( ma,J Aou, no

(t-J"l*)
, (4.s. apenings
ij:enii-gi o lla^t ai I or air l, pav llr"gh

#en occodinJ[o t|n. desrgnol (h. separa .

tro,
--TA*. o1h-',ga,"g h" /4*/*i o$;*,n .

7tr, bogie b rom naatncZ""ta.fro!^.r-

5lub axler-1

Bogie b*o^ 5 ho.l

Strut

lA" liah beluccn /4. air crafI s lruclure and

ltt
- . -/J trut, : ]t ir
t/ Fr+

il. lond;nj Aanisrn.

flca( rtlc<

. 5hx{tL,ut ; t f fiu l;nh $el.r,een /[. c and

oir cralI S[ruc[u'
-/
I/
lh' lanJinj geo( mc.honism i5 a' shochobsorbec
it will 6. nomeJ " 5Ao.AS&ru&
".

arrcs: It it il, dxe 6e{r.ueen

{h, ruhccll and li,.
,/
bogi, bea^
bogieb.a-
wh.l x/

5 l"b a xlcs -lu.l

 Tiprr ol bogil bta*s,

1- R;g;d Ara^ bagi<

'r or alc d,trussrd bcfa, in
f {/,r
lerlurc ( src Pdi. tL)
e - Arl;cula|'d bea* bagie

x2lfu cAag;a3af (A" shockobsorbc'

(./
. A;, cltorginS ualtc , fr* (hit uolr'.) QI'( ( o' ntLrogc") ;s

fittrJ a( s,ralusLedf,,o^ l}r" slr.k cbsorber

fi
sf;'
{..
t
56

!i'

chargtd air inlo (A, sAocl obrcrb.r drp'nJ on '

F'
r.
7[. arnounf o!

ol air nsiclc{A, sh".J abubc,)

J _ Ai, cralt utcigAt { prcssur<

e- Frlernal ( su,r*"d;ng) le*prrad,r.c (o.A.T)

R.stur. exlensiongroph

,[:

-
,noliu, d,rccbons
o f lh. P$lon
ffirt
Rela lion I>cI-.e' oir prc5sur< insicJc tA, gl,aclcr od ( Ac
g 1tt.r:ia" is shc^^r.,in (Ae nctt
curvc
 D
lqi,
,

l/lcr call in

tcmpcature
R<ldI;o, bclwccn

pr<stur< insiJe (4,

cglthdu(.P"il anJ tAc

( Hl o[
"xlension
di[k,c"t uolucso f

{c-perolu,* ( r)

aulside
T o( T o(7, o(7,, is sel."[,J la 6" efual la lA-

{r^7rr,.!u,,

Po,,
( 5.. Pagc o'I)

Q(ca.d,hJ h lA'

rcTwreJ uolucof

( u ), (P";,)it

scl<c[ed f,o^
Po;,
{l,r. oppasilc

currteol ti,<

SurrotnJftiStot
( emPeraI ur c
 f n n r , 5L r u cL u *t o f S h o c habsorbe.

o;l Sefaralor ma| exirl

ty /;nder
o( not auord,'y lo il,

dcsign of (A, shock

5cpara[ar

absorbcr

r .l
L+then Atr nSicJc
lJreSSurc

/4, shoct, absarbertrxrcsg,

/4. bryht parl /noees

do*n ward ( ouurntry (i^;lr, :'

iso/Ae(n1aI proccssJ.

.-t-a'
(omponenlsol I o"J;y gea(
,r-ff
tr
L./

'o*'rr sea(

lrg ond dao, 5 Leer;n5 6,alcs

J- Lrgs'

frtI e(e ca^portcnls

Lr!*,en air craft JLruclu,"and *herls
 ' UAenlA, o4 craft * hrrls / t
toucn
lt
t he ground, rl
the {rg, rccicue

/4, shock,ond //r;> sAo.t

i s a b s a r b r J bJ
ilc shoct absorber,
( 7A, s hock a|v,rb* )s
a componen
t ln lA, lril

U Aen (A, e ir tra{'[ (akrs o ff , ll

(hc
I
l(Q5 O(e , r L , o c t r din [o
{

{he;, housrs. ( /J ou,, i s ilal frcys

a p l a c e i n s i d e / 4 , fut, {agc

insidclt {4, kgs d u,inj flryht)

0l|rn (4, hXs a ( c r e l r a c L e l, {Atrc ele g e a ( uplact baxes h

( aLch lAr^, /.e. (a lark (Ac lcgs t O

IA, f, tt, r e t r a r t i o np o i l l i a n .

porl of fJ" 'tt

Uhra exbnd,'nJ Signol \

15 r ecieacd, /A, Aydrauli,

IaLrhloclq,
acluah, tnau$ !A. (aich

Jo.h do*^ *oJ s a/lo*;n3 {A, hyd'4"/ic

octuaLor
lr7 k J. exLcnd
rd

a- Doars :

ttJAen{he (egs ctre ,e{.rocLcd,

doo,s t_i// bc c/ued in ardu to A.np
{4, aer6djnamir :hape
of fAc f,xrloq,
 IJAcn (he doorS &c clxcd, ($c,, a(e doar up lochs h
rl I

taLch
t

dmn *hrn tAy erc clascd.

r/
S[e.rin7:
F-
fuhen (4, a'trcrafl is mouinj on ground, it ntrds lo [a,n inlo

riSht ond {efl d;,rc{,on:. 7frisis dsl, I/', n o s e* h c u l

U
Fl
t.
ki

[!'
tts
Broh,s,
Fr
b.
ts
li.

"r,
Uf
ItF
&
ih
frf lt, (4, air crall I aucitct IA. graund, it rnustbe J[oppcd.
kr:'

,4,
t,
r lt ok'nJ syJLcm,
4fr. oir craft iy slappcd eU
Fr..
lur , 5poilersand #rut
;,
h
*?
feuerg€,r.)
F.
P
f:

H.
li.

lr"
DI
F
F
ti1:
(4. hgdrauh, :yskm ait.d h apen doo,sond ertendg €ars,
F-
1
f
lt-.

Fr'
iltg con bo opncd and urlendcd 'c,onk
R.l
,nechantcailybJ hanllr"
r.
L
I'
i':
lir
r
ti
b
F.
c,ook handl. is tscd cron!,ryhondl.
F

lo arknd ti.. h^d,y ( {andiry

fla,( conhol
ir-
b
F

: handlrj
gcdr.

I( i> impoilaaL[o say lAot tAc to"dnj

Jvl,, har- speciat
manufachrera.
 qea( e(Lenrion Scquente
nvI

. E xlention sc7uente ol {andinj gea6 a( e absLracLzda,

fa ll a*s '

J- )aors erc ap ened

I

e- feors orc do*n anJ lorkrd a[ /i,is pasilion

3- )oors are closcd.

hetoils oF exlension seguertce

:

1- L/e l e u " , ( L o n d i r y g e a t leueris n ll,- caclpit) is adluslcd

'dorn"
of pasi{bn

a- Hyd,aul;, prr$Sure (o (Ac ,J*, uplach ( itis

Jaes a lack

#aI frrrps lA. doo, n {A. up a( reLrrl:,Lr}posjttun) and

relca$e{Ac doo, fro^ rls locls, f Arn {A,

hydraulic prcsutc

flacs [a tlrc doo, acLualu in ardcr[o apen lAe du,

3- Daoe
s atc fu/ly opcncJ.
UArr, {4. d,*,o erc f"lly apened,
{Auc
is a nerhoni col ilgnal o( dn elecLriul
signat ir senJ b
(4. gca$ h bgin lAc,r ex{ension.
 It / A, sijna,lis nlechon;ral,jL will
a1en(A, " doo, ape'aL"d

leluencc ualue" n arclc, [o a llo* hyd, aulic supply {a lAe

3ea(

Il l/,. sgnalit elecLrical) iI uill apena " {rroxinily S,,,iLclt"

#o t scnds
a s ynal k a (onp u ler. ( 7A;s r onp,tlcr ui ll srnd

,,; ono[Au signal la (lr gea( to be exlend,d)

ij,
L
b.

l+ - Hydrauli, prcssurc flocsta {4, 8ea( uploc*,, and releascil,

f ca( lf.o* ils lock. (n, lgt ilr 8u,

arc ftrc afte, releasiry

uplock) . {inol$, l,Jdrau li< pressurc gocslo /A, ca( acLuatar.

€

5- 6ea,s a(e f"tly exLendcd( do*nj and

Jackrd ifrrt a(c lockrd
(a ensu(e that ti"y will b, krpl in "do*n"pasilion. [7nally,

J eae
s ;liuc a rncchanical ol an electrrt s y n a l i n a r d e rIo clase

/A, cJaors
(and h *
gioc hd;cal;on af g ca$ do,rn" ,'o 'tA, corlcpit
J

. Jf (A, signalis merhanica{, th, './

8ca( oPeraledralrr" apens

(Ac wal
fo, t/'- hydraulic pr.lsurq b {hc "
doo, aclua(or,,^

ardet Io closc $, doa,s.

 It thesjnal is elechric
al, anaI hcr sign a! is so.d bJ .
:
poxidly
r u , i [ c 6 ' ( a a Qnpuhr. { 1fris (ampu ler sendsonolhct signaI

h tA, dao,sh b" closrd)

, I( is i^po,lont lo say /Aot alt ,loorssrc closrl aile,

gea(s

e xI enticn, bul lh. cl oo,s/Aof (A, lcgs tomcouI f,o^ ( linL,:J

(4, aircralI sIrucLu,,

w i l h ( A . * h c r l s ) l h . frsrlogcorc &.pb

opene/.

felrattion of lA, landing gear, tan 6" eari ly p rc clicl cJ ;l

{4, eTlensianproccedurc
is und:, slaoJ

#rF Qpicat bogie bea^ nstallalians

t?
( bec
Pogc vrJ

T*Y' tinhs
ty
5hocfts Ltul

Ttr. slrocAohsorbais tonposcl

thoch
oI Pislanand gl;ndcr, sa obsorbcr

possibil;ly
W {4, ulrc"l k 7i7,t,
{inlrt
ralaLcis la,gc.
 IE
]" (h, n o5€ (ranJiry edr {A, (orgu,
$ , l;nk conL,oltlhr rolalt*,

of (lt" nolr-.*hcrl
, and in {u,n, lAe oircraff right and tclt

SLeecagon graund .

h (A" n-tain
! anJ,y g @r, (h, lo,qu, linh preue:tt lA, */rcels

fro^ ra,aLion

B ogie {ilt iack

'l(is ( c s p a n s i b ll e
o rnoin I ao d*rg

nafu {Ae rear whcrl lo

hurh il," graunclbefote

{A, f,onl *hc"l du',*g land;og.

. Itr, bogietitl j ac/. also ^ohrs da^p,ng h coscof un cvc4malion

such as {A. *he"ls ma,rcoue( a slone.

78. bagie{itt {ranrf",s ll. 5Ao"l f,o* the ( cat wilcrl

h $, shock shsoftcr.

Ker, ,rrf,r.l ro/,a|ion,

 [r
. UAtn ffu ai,TrafI tu,ns{a {h, r;ght o( tclt ha"d sicJct,lhe nu<

-hcrl {*,r,s {o (h, derircd di,cct;on. AIv lht (cer ( no;n1 laod;n3

tt
g ea( rotaEct i a / A ' a p p o s i l c S ; 6 1 L m { ( o r c d u c e f ' ; ' i l o n b t l ' ' c c c n

*heels and fltound duc t',o s!;dc noL;on).?

/A, noin gca( 15 ^a')t by a^ ac [t,.a[ot' Jf' [l'.'"

. Tli, ,ohlion of

it no siccrinj l.(, [lt, oir cralt is mauini in $, fo"*o'd d;'"[ion ,

in il' fo"*o'd
(hc aclualar nakrr il, ftlai,-tandtnX ffcat u'ht'',ls

*h'n th''t is no
d;,rcl;q ( i" (he tantc d i r r c l i o no P l A . n o 5 c* h c ' l

d0t? SteerlirgJ

eq ucnce vcrlvcst

Scc pagct Af , Ao )

al *h'n
Scgucnccualuci arc opetalrd fro^ o. post o1€(afion,Strch

lrgs a(e |,rtt, *ctracLcl, i{ Sendto s,Bnol Ia thc se?denccuoluein

ordu Fo bcg;n closing t|r. dur. lorne srfs€nde ualucr a(c diy.usscd

bclo*r:

J- D oo, op eraled

( 5cc fgw. ? in Pa7c ^o)

 UAc" (A, durs a"e fulty aprnrd, AycJ,auli,
prcssurc il allarrd la

flo* la (A, rekaclianiaclc of t/,, l.s

lf (A, doors atc nat fr llJ opencd (4,

, under carriagt ( [,g or
Fa

i:
i-
F
g r o , ) l a c k w i t l b . isolakd fro^ {h, syrLcm, t.c.,fro^ hyclrau l;<
F

P f" SsL(re.

a- Gear operoted

( S. , fguro I tn pagc tto)

. scqden&uo luts enlurc ( h" t iagc

t A, under cotr
78. Scat opetateJ

-fi;Je thc under carria5< i I mooiY

doo, i: f, tt, e xlcndcd ( opcncdJ

ap o( do*n ( in lranrienl)

Jf li,. daon orc nat opencd, ander cattiagc ( lrg o( gro,J t rill nol

6. alla*cd [o rnout up o( c!*n.

3- P lung* oprrvlcd

( 5ct f;gurc g n PoScA-tJ

. l( dllowct hydraulic prcssutcto enler {l* c|r',r o( lE jadts aoly

a f ler enswinj $"t preu;anlytcTuired tompancnharc in (h, (ortccl:

Poiltion
 lilhrn th- dwn art f" tl, apened,( Ary apcra lc (hot
lA, plungcr

in lu,n a llo*s ll,, uncJcrca r ri a g e [ o 6. extendd or retra&cd.

-t/o letz

7fr"r, a(e (an[,ra! hcni lct { hat con be used to open tA(

g ca( d ao,s monua ll; an graund. Ihr,, it a bJ port uolu.

(A" t bJ f osscs{4, Agd,auli,lluir) in ordu {o apercle lh- daots

' "
u,ilh t/,. rcnL,ol hon'Jlrs

7fr, b1 pass ualrc uxd {o enahll- openingth, doos maouotly

r elco!ct t'.l.,up lock, and il, acLualo,iuch {hot th, doa, opnnr

unclcr g rauilJ
 t\

( kclure z)

tVolrs '

fns;c/c ilc shork absarber,air (o, nit,gtrt) oilsc,rbshachl,ond

o;l acts ar o danoer.

f-4*

E" n ose {onr}*X f ear fi o, g daa,s !4:t cf as.-o^ }t *Arn it

iS relractrd. T\rre Alc 3 doors il"t c/osc en (4, mQirt /onc/;,3

fl ear -hrn i( is ra |tacted, ( I daa,t pe( rnain land,ry .

f,earJ

4tr.main I anrl;ng gea( hot ?. (a, gu, liaI t and t A, n6sc/anrlr"j

Q eac
v
hat I {orgu, t;"k.

**Lonc!ry
f car unsafepro lectian

1,7
7fr. posilnno,f {4, la
"d,nj g
ear ir sho*n ia {Ae cacLpit ItJ

l,1hls u'tlh lA. fol/a*,11,o!_?:?'

ilat ilc {ond,nj gca( il lorkrd

lrccn light , . n"licalcs

da*n t fully exlendrd J

reJ I,gA[, nclicslcs /A"t tLe lanli"j Seat ir urtlachrd, t.c.

duriaj ex{ensiono( ,e{raclion ( in lransient)

no hfhl , ncl;cal,t tAat lA, land,ryf 6, is lock,Jup ( f, tt,

, eL, acL.d
)
 7ilrt, lg Ak qft oltera{edby micra switchet F;ttrl on t/,. " up,,

and " d*rn " lorkg of lA" {o"dng gtar. { SCcpagc /t( fu, /A,
(ight,ndicahn.

l/ agnt b, nJica La,s,

5o^, air crafls usc ,nagncli. ind;cah,+ in*ead af (A, {,jht

. 7tr. ^o5n, Ii,

in.Jicalors indicolot is campose]oFa circular

dish. Tfiit circular dish can b. ra|aled by e^ electrically

cail. Tfrrr. crc stucrol ter.rol shapcsilat arc tocolrl

aperaLed

oA 4/a, su,Pa4 ot C,r. dis|. Fach shop tndirckt f* a slal' of

(Ae lanJ,nXgear. A ccorJ;ng[o tA.. slale of l/,, land;ry *t, il,,

I

(onctPanct,$ Shap" alPca$ infronI ol a, small winiau fro^

ruh;ch (lx pitol un rcad IA, s[a lc oF th,. bnJ;y car.

f

ruindou
I

( ircula, dislt
t.
mag ne ti(
{ corl
o oP lh.
5 Lrurhu,
m agnctic in Ji ca{o,
 lT" indicat,i, ha,efic follo*t shapes

in /inc c rost lin<

( x - l,nr)

Unkno*n signal
A^bc, failurc

rrr( Varnngs in air cra{[ rysl.^ r

7Tt warnng syslc^s fo, anJ ar craf[ companculssucAas

/anclrng gears erc:

7- Aurol wa(ning
, saund wornfng using q'horno
 ta
,/
r 4/ Visuol *or),ng , :r,rcAas L I ( t,XAt inJirolu
L/ ) and Hf ( magnel;<

rhdicalo)

suol ndicalon fo, lanJ,y

$ears
(it, ary syslenn llc air craft, (anJ,ng
$ea.'s ha6 aural, and

uisua{ ind;calus. Landry S?art hor. tpecial indicolars,an/ /r{ry

rhd;cala,saft specifird fo, [andiry flearsonly.

. 7trcscndicalors con h. SGcnfro^ t/lr. sid<widar* of

(h. - qtr"< ind;coh's can lah' nan| fo'^s suchas

cackpii
'PoP '
painte"l. /tnrt on l/lo loelcng brorct, and uf nJ;calo's

lAdt stand proud of fA, ufpet utrnXsurfacc*hrn (4, {ond;n1

flearoarc d*n and locl.d. { SccPaS, /rq lo frgu,r,ol

fi,rs, uisual nd;colors)

, Tk forol.cd /;nit r,g'tlA, lach;ry btarcsand Ff up nd;calori

atc opercled, ,ilA (A, futty utcnd ad lork of landiry flca:s

r"gard lcts lo lAr. aural and uisual indicalors,t'e. t'Ary

orr operalrd ;f Ih. Quealo"J uisuqI ,nrlrralors er,_ operaling

o( failrd.
 I L3I
LI

l l

wat nnl sysltm ol

/anJ,aj
$ea.l-:

(Sr. pag. I Yr fo, {Xp;cal la eo( w at n tnj horn

"cl;ry 3
sgste-J fr;t syslenis dra*n in le,*t of AttD/on/noT

$otes bela^r:

N: Nosc
Honn ru[ out It Ii rnain
LH
( Buuon closrd)
frn fryh| nain
L/C. LoncJinLgec.(

Enginct idlc
t.

Fa
fngtnc L id le
r!c.,
F.
V.

r
F,

flap f"tt, exlendral

( ft,pn oyproorh
O\

P hosc,onfgu,atim)

N- Lle dautn lockrd

horn is
LH-Lla down lac*rd
acLiuoLrd

/tff - Lld do'ttr' loch.d

Eleck;, Pawer
ouail ablc
 ,Uf {llLanoLefo'req,n3 :
al ladry gea(s

it /t, AXdrau/i, syslcrn {lrat la*ers$c bnd,ng gearis h;ld,

(Arr, e,rc olle,nale mthods(Aat lo*r, {Ae land;nXgea(5 canbe

u srd, (A"y arc:

To^prcssed air syslem

7Tu conpressrdair is sLorcdin a botl lc. tilhen (h, rn ain

:yrl.- fails, ile comfrcl,6cdoir apens{4, uplochs,/hn it rcnlin,acs

k ( rauel lo lle m ain

iacts and blo*r $, undcr carriajc da*n.

er f,r, fatl

. L onJiao af e cx lend<d by lAct wcights, ( l;r,

J ftar I fatl is

aflen asislcd
+a slip strcan). 71, uplocks
src unlochc/ry a

cahl<rys.lc^w i l i ' i ts ape,alnShandlc. TL opcratAghandLlr

locold h ilr- cockpit.

. U hcn lh.- up la,,

ks a(e unlack.d, ( A. unJu corriagc
glc' clorrn

by ih weyht ( anJ otlen assislcd\ o slip sl,"a,oJ la t/,c

da-n lorkc/ pasilian. ( ser pasr trv

: l :

i:.'
h, f,r, hll sytc*)
;.
x* At, crolt right,and l. ft turninga n S r o u n d ( l o * on
Sround)

7Trrc are 3 u)als lhot (an lurn an aircralt on gr oond, lhrt

a(c:

'Rudd
J- e,

7truoir croft is lu,nrd by /A, ,udJer only, Itr, ruddcr con

' a

rnah c en anglt u,ilA (h. uerlicalsfabilger

:.
/*
.--- \ tr'
oP !(' \*l-t
--/ d

e
>frLeer;a3
l/ n" a ir craf t is lu,nrJ bJ SLeeriryilru nose tand;nj $|.ar

7tr, nosc lonJ;n1 geo( can ^ahr. an

ongle will, tl,l- lo"giludinol avir al ! 75'

4^
utnJ

cn {4, oir t raft it 'pullcl , {At hunj angle ( onglc,nad,

by lA, noselonJ,iy fca( wtlA ile Iongilulinol arrsf of r tlS'

. t. ,
7F;s oyle 1 5 a C h teu€d rl l lowiry only

anJ itrit not oll*'rd in sleering.

 t
(gprt '
rT Ti,gct 5 cnSo/

air ,ro ftt)

J- Harabl< { e r f s fr h ^ o s t

a Fitrd

)/ol"t.

Syriry Iaadrl closd,

valve is closcdby rpri'ng oction

5prr,.g I oadcd opened:

Valvz is opened by sprrhg acLian

{{y fi l}rd wilh nilrogen(not

5ho. k obscrbe,sa{e usua

n rnust be kcpt a*a!

air ), b. cause oxyjrc fro^ any

hyd,o carbont eptc ially if axl7en is al h,Shprrssur(. 7d,

some
h;nX faes[a il, ffi ( r,oL,( ha| ail and ti,. lX,,

rnaleriol an hydrororbanr).
| [ecLur, ,)

L anJ,"1 ear uisua| ,nJ;, o lo, on (A,

f air craf I u)in|

In add;l;on (a t;gtrL ndpalars in

pit (Aot giuc IA, sLalus
lA" coch

oP lh. land;n
j fi ear, {Arrc ii a uisua{ind;tolot (A"t appea(sa^ {A,

uPfr( sur fac<of {A, *ht * lrrn l/,, [anr,ax earsa(c htt, rrLrnd".l
f,
Q*
fr;s u isual n d;colo, is a pap up {Aal appean on (A,
rypc(surfou
o| (1, wnf t, anJ i I ca^
b, iccn fro^ tlr< sidc *ind o*s af lAe

cackpiL. ( Sccpof t l( r , and (A. prcuiaut lerturc).

o" / ulegAtall syslems

' Ai, craf[5are eilher an

ground sr in f li1ht, Operol,ng candiLions

of th, aircraft 6n ground i: different

f,o^ IA, aperalin3candi[ions

in Pl;ght' As en exomple,(A,
noscJieerinS
, (n,rus|reue(se(
and

grand spatletsa(c ope,alrd*l/ *he, tA" sircraft is o^ g,ound. on

il, ol|* handn {A" operot

irn of ailerontis il,
ava;lo[lc c.rAe,.,

air c'oft is in ftigt t *rly.

fio^ Aerc, w? sdc t;ot it ;s uc,JmporlanL

k hau, a syslem lAat lells

ilc canbo!unit op lhc oir cralt

weal/,", il it on ground o( in
flglt.
 '.$ight an:
,
//
lAc air c,atl is on ground,anJ iL;s
carr;eJb il, {and;ng

f,eot5.

t. 9ffit oll,
i-/
7[c oir craft is ,h f/Uht , onJ in lh;s cast, i[ is carriccl $il,

winXsiosLeadol tl. lond;nX gears.

. (JAen il, sAoc/roisarb", is loodcd

b /4. air crofl weigltl. (Ar,,

u'ill b. r ela[iu- ,nalion bEt* een (A t'|pislon" end cg trrq

" lindu un|il

ona tAe, posiliotr i5 r t orhr,J

T*7u.-
TJ,gu. l;nks
l;nht

l^dnj on gr*rnd
layli"S gro,i^ fliyht 3u*

7F. posilton ol (o,gu, l;olv in

fltgtrrl condid,br,: is di{lfe,raL{;*,

[A, posilh,t a
f /A, larlu, [;nkt ,ohrn (A" air
crafL rs on graund. ifiit

di/'ft,rnr, is lalcen
as /4, Adical,bn of
air 6y61ysklus.
 E
H. prinripol af tno*in3 (Ae o;r crafl slalus ( i n
f/,gh| q or-l

graunJ) is somefo, all air 67afl,. H o* cue(, ilr,. Q(e ^oy

me ilals u scd lo achiere (A, airf ground slalus, j a

F /lt*

ctre cJiscuscd f,elo*,

Hurhonicql rne
lAads,
,y

Hylraulic uslurt a( pul/cys arc opercIed fiTechonically,

ancl (h1

alla* oPeralionof cedctin systcns /Aot uill 6. uscd a^ grornd only.

(:., pqlc ttotil

Fltclrical syslems
:
V.{

7tr, mosl (ammon elcc[rrc syslcrnjs (A,

d;rcct *ticra sutiich . t/Jr,n

{1, Iand,njgear rearhIa (Ac

fu lty exlcnl puittan,a micro swiLclt
it sscJ bJ tA. cas[in;cf (h,
..Pt. lcg, and tli, .t
1;Jnat mcan,

(Aot $, ak
craft is sl;il h oir ( in ft,ht).
Aflcr ft"L, whcn/lr"

t^rAe"
h ol ( A, landiry
$ e a r f o u c A . rgrwnd, (4, sho"* atsar
hu
hfirs /A, wcgAt af /4, ob cra
lt. In il;s rasc, tl, sutilch

l 2 y 6 h t s c o n [ a c L d u r {o rt laI iuc
rrlouamea
I of layc /n k s.
 Uhen $. mic rJ swilcA brak's conLacL, Sround slatc ( ,. ight
an)

i: assumed.( See uieut A fo, (A, rnicro switch)

Pagc I o'

fr, micra swilcA b"lt"" 7tr. mkrasd lcl' bollon

it unllrrssrJ ir f rescd
r::54:!r!;1+4.jildi{4!iret-.q!

3- fraxin;ly 5cn:orj

TEc proxinily s(nsor is cornposcd

af a srnsor ond a slccl [o.6ct.

6* Sensr and sleal hrge{ atc insLallcJ in a ,ual ilot ,nol.. !A,

5le./ {a,grl 6.co-c clas< la {4, ScnsararAen air craf I land ar-,

graund, a nd fo bt fo, a*V in ftight.

-
./Ae Sensorir a coil (hot produces,nagnel,c
f;"tJ. (^)hcn tle
S[ec'J [arget bcro*ts rrea( tA, s€nror, (A,
uorLogc
th iAc.sensar
is redurcddw to
ltraL;q1 ils magnetr, frctJ *ili lr{este.l [a.ge[.

htAun th [o'ge[ is remoued away

f,o,,. tAe s*nsor, {Aeuailagc

(elurnr k normal conJ ilianl.

 Url;hc ^rrhonical 'r,elhods and elecLrical
,yrLe^s. (Ae praymjtl

Sensorf hov" no rnavinT porLS,Sa (Arl a (e ma jntenonc<

frtt. / Sr.

Pagc lof)

L praxirnily swi lchr; arL narnally

operatcJ bJ tA, relaliue

m o u e m e no
tf L o r g u ,{ ; " k s .

':r 5 Leel 5{.e"l

I
Ia'gaf Ia,g.f

n
1oF 15 o.t inch
approTinately
5 Le"l la,gcbis fo, a*y
5L*"1[4,X.I is cla'" [o CAc
f,o* l,\o sensa({ rvr^o I
Sen:or{ uolLo6eis rz&ul)
uollagt condit;ons)

?perat;anoP La^J,g
g.or sysLern:

. Rehrc,rLianand exLensian op doo,t and ttgs o(e operalrJ

hgdraul;ully,

SLeer;nj al nojc [ondag

gear is operoled h6draul;
rally
Brat,^J sys/c,n i5 ope6,lrd hycl,ouli rcll7
 x* Nosc,uherl ste"nnl systems:

7F, ore 3 bstc nr/AoJt fi"t at c us"J n nose rthc, {

5[eer,n7, ilv Qrc :

J 1agl, iac*

Only onciar| { onc Ayd,aul;<piston.rylinclerosstmbly}is usrJ

in nosc whcrl stee,ng, i( nay hauc mcchan;calsysle^of {*kryrs

drivcn bJ ruddcr pedals inslcal of hycl,oulic

jack. ( s.. pagclot

fo, Siryle iack s!eer,$ sysle*). Ttre singlzsack sLeering

sgttc,
i5 usual$ uscd n tgA[ air craf ls.

a- fro jacA syslem

6 rolak /A" nertc

-lrr"ls t ane jark r's

reLr.,rtr/, anol il, otA,,

jo.h ir e,x|endd,

cuArrl
 7tr, past c/;o3ta^ is tornc ho* sinp lified be(ouj. in
, ,asl;ly, /A,

hyd,oul;c j acks a(e a ltai'h"d f,,st (a a sLeerinscolla,*h; ,h is

frr, [a rotaLe, ( Arn tA, r olo liona! ,no I ion is ( rantfcred(a tAe

n6ie -heels fAroujh (h" torgu, {;nkr.

' 7T, [*o jacl. sysle^; a(c usuoll1

uscd in la,ge, aircraf t,r.( sr.

Pa|e l-1' fo' fuo,1otk syslemand swiuel ualurs).

Sa.,rucl
ualues
a 1166or cut o hyJ
ff 'auli' flu;d fro^ jacks
n caxof ltigh sLecrin3
anSles- ( in (clse al
e+cccd,nj ( hr- o llo*uJ sLeer;,yonglrs).

and ptnion sySIem

Slrocl absorbv
( ratotiry)
;ry collar\_,
SLcee

'Torque
D
lin ht

fr" acluator ond SLcerfllcaila,

w hccl
aR titc flea6. (+thenhc ac[uola, is

oPe(aLd, i[ rololcs (A, s[,cerinX

collor, (lrrn ,otra[ioni: trans.i{trJ

in7 calt a, {d lh, uthcclsbJ l,lc lo,gu, tiots.

fro^ tlr. sleer
 TA. or[ralo, m1l 6. apeeaLcd
bJ hyd,auli, moLor. ( S.. pa,rc

melhad
l-1t fo, anolhr, sLeerthg )

X* Slc"t'ng:

ITa. arc 3 ,J;ffr,rnL woJ5 {J,o[ canb, uscd l" lurn $, air crafl

h (h. rryht a( lrlt d;,rrtion ( 3,o""d ya*) , {A:J arc:

'Tillc,,
1-
UscJ a t lo* sperls on groud , lurnin3is madt bJ Sleuin3

(A, naft la"dry ea{. l t g;ucs SLeer;ng

anglc of t 7 5'
fl

a - 76-iry:
J( is alsa us'd at lo* rpccdsan $ro'tnd' b'rt in lhn ca!e'

(A, air cra{t is pu ltr} . Jn lhi> cose,lA. lowiqganlr ( 1f..,;,y

angle in [oung position]it ? 15'

3 - Kudclt, prJals '

A t hg h a,, c,af I sperlson gratnd, lA. crcra

dj nanir- /tlllttt

canlrol 11.rrfaas5
orc r ll*. tive, 5o at hgh speed*l/," rudder

iI usrc) th lurn;ry, angl< nad, bJ ruddr, rs t d' ( S[e.r,g orylr)

^ rrM; /To*ig ser,,Lion
V
7frcr. ij a :.^,i[rA |hat ir localedaI lh, note (,and,ry cat ux.d
g

h sel"cl eilher" sLeering

*adco o, " {,owtnj ^odr" . Jn a{ b,rs

43,q, Aizo,andAizt, ( A e r ei j a n inLer phanc elccLtical)' box

{

f* (h* purpase.

[a*;E Ju*
Larrirylcut'

r inter phanc box

pin is Pt[ he'z

(a enlu,, lho|

AUn u;;il bc in
th;, pasition
S{eerinX posilion durins l*"ir3 n*,j7$asilion

af SLccring

Jn ord* Lo houc [4, sLceriryotodc ochu., lA< fallo*in3 cod,ti*s

musL6. salirf;ed.

J - A;, craf[ ir oa g rdund

A ^ T*no, lcuct ir in SLceriy p osiLion

3- Hgdrauli, Pt cssutc rl avoilallc b {A. jacls ( s|ecriryVsb^)

 4- LondinXflca6 !o*n loch,l

5 - 5 teenng or"/r, comn trtg f,o,n /l' rccIPiL ( r n a d c b J P , t a t s )

6- Nosc {and'n7 flear doars att closrd ( 76i> conJi(ion is tpecif;c

-

fo' Ar bus ASzq and ASL!)

nol
. lf o// of /A, o[o* canJilions atc noL saLiticd, 5Lrr,;n3 rn;ll

be c tlar'ed'

Sell cenbenhgcam5

' fn ordr, [o ,clra"L (/r, ttosc gca(, {4, *hc'ls al (A, nosc lanc}in3

(h.6oJ.
.hen lA, '^tJ"'ls QnLet ( trnlc,cJ
fcar ^WrJ
,^,heclsmeans(hat li,, d*crlion of -Ac..lr is patallcl lo [A'

longilu
d;nal axi5, anJ il. * hr"l, ar e eguidislant f,o* ilis d r i rJ.

(ams orc fttt l inla il, sAoc,t absa*cr ot shoqnin PaJ, l-lo-

htAcn tl1- nosc -hrJ leou. graund, (4, (amt engageuilA

eacl, athc,, and (hc ,u he"!sui ll bc tentr,rd.

(ornl will ,alal. rclolix {o

eo,I olA* unlil $y a* prquly

fi'r,odco,,.,'-'4
U
engoXrd. ( s . .
fag< lro)
lo*., (3m
-
H
( LcrLur, 4)

7T" aL(unulalo, is uscd (o c/o^p IraniienL prcssure. 78,

hydrau/i, /;7u;J insiJt is under prrssurc., sa i t

t/,.- ecc(trnutlolot

c a n b , u s c d a 5 r e s e r v e* h r n lh, $sLen fa;ls

tcsrurc
f
fl oulr
(o-prrts.J n itragcn

c/;aphrog,.-

5{ruclurt of hy cltaulit
Q((,umulahr,
Pr.:sr'r,c
loro lrJ m dcl;ng /n, ralicf
u o lu .
a f lr, lhzpunp.

fa

brak,ill sysLem it as fo llo*s '

brak, sYstern

Aula

rnonuaI

. lf,, norr.,o! brah.-syslem is operatrd hydraut;ra/ly.

(n airks

iI is ope,olrd
". ith il. g(een hgdraulicsystem)
 fn a Lc braftc syslern

with onl; - sh;d

Uilho"t onti- s1icJ

' 4tr, a/I*natc brok< syslern is ope,,aLrdhydraul;ca

!ly. ( t n

air bus, if is operatec) uitA (h, yello* hydrauli,syst"r,.,J.74.

a I lernole brak, sysLern it operaLzd*hen lA" normaI bro

he

Sys[e'n lails.

3 -;k fligtrt brahc syslem

{--'/
' 7Eis sysLem
is uscd fo, man land,hS
gearsonry. I L ir uscJ

{o sLop l/,_ w/,c.ls fro* ,o[oi,ry a f [e, rA, dit

crofL hos tr/t

il' grounJ ond bepore{and,y reLratlion,

flea(

, 7fris syslc- lr hydraul;cally

operaled.( in ail
fus, i[ is
oPetalcd wilA t/,<
lr zcnhydrauli, syslcnt)

b'afre
L-Y/*kng
. Jl is uscJ
*hen tlr. ar crafl jr
porh'.l a^ gt aund.

]L is operaLedhyd,aul;rolly
, but n lAis (csc,
/A, Aud,oul,,
Pressure ts supptc d f.o^
tAe accumulaLor
 (ompr css.J ni h ogen
Ttr. reguirtJ
cliaphregrn --,
Ayd rau l;c pr cssurc

i s arfiusLedbJ lA,. hy"l,aul;, oil

pressureof comprcs.J

nitroj en.

r)il.rajen ls cha'gd in\a lA.

Re.,,r^br, I'A"L t/,< camptretsc/

a(u)mul ala, aL surraunJ;ryair le*peralu"", ,J usfn3 chatls

[obl., of nilrdSen.

* tr Sng lc Sou.r.e.hydraul;c brahc sysLern

( Sec
PoSe 1r f* a singh- so*rcc hydrauli, brake
bprol
sysLem)

Bcv, Brahc canLrolua!u, lIV arc L ,lao,cs fo, a

B tl V t Brah. mcLeringualuc siaXk hydtauli. ualuc

( Bcv = BnvJ

7T, Btv ( o, B nv) faf.r a sj,nal fro^ b*h. pcdals( l/'.

&aA. pedals erc lh, ruddu p"d"ls) in de'-r of hydrorlii-prcssurc.,

ilrn lL supplics hyd,auhcpressurc h lA.. modurato,s.

 t

, { o- e >wiLch :
pressur

J t fiivcs waroiag i! tA, ptess&(c is reduced brlo* a cerla;n

U al u e

. lo*
Pf essutc {ransdracer',

It giues/4, uolur-of prcssurc

, Aduon[,6rt af lAis syslun:

Earh *hesl hos a separa[ehy"lta"li'- linr, sa il ontaf (A,

{incs ore to;led, (A. alAcr 3 linrs {o lh, alher3 ,rrhrels

*il! k

- ( Jf Z linorPail.J, (A, alh*, z hnrso(c slill 6pctaL,"S)

opera|ins

D is acluon[ag* ol lht> sys

lern;

7i, sysle^ is suppli"d wil| a siryle

hydrauli,l;n, {s,qgtc

hydraulic pressu(es"ppi) - If
[Ai, tnoin ASdraulicsyslcn faild,

il, . bro,h. sysI ern is (am pleLely lossrJ.

x rF Brafte 5ystcrnw i t h t hyrlrauli- sourscs:

( 5 rr figu,c L th pag. 1,,i fo, brak, syslern: us,\, {*o ioueccs}

J f ane hyd rauli, sourcc

failcd, /Ao alAu one (Nill suFpy fl,* :y s[cm
w ilh lA, reTuir
ed hydrauli c saurcc
.
 5 h u{ t l e u al u c f ou to^oLic5 e l " cf o . u a l u c)

7E;s ttolueil usccl in brot;ry sysLc^s llrot ate Suppl;eJutilA L

, 7{,, shu tt,t< valo. {akrt lA, 2 inpvt

dif{erenL hydrrruli.-sources

prctsure (ines, ond it a jlo*s t/,r- hylrou[i, f /u;rJ io /A" high*

Fressur. /,tt. h pass in Ia ilt, brak. sySlcm.

. Jnng strrr[u,.c of lA'

l;n

lhu tltc vafuz. 7fre't a(r

fuo hYdraulit sYrte*r

sepanr,tc
a{1<
{/,ot suppty hyd'aul;cPrcssurct

I' ' and alhe'tf'o^ anolhe'

fro^ sysltnlo'tn'
'
Sy:[er' lo lin-7'

tf in l;n' I i: gr caLu llron r,rcsiurern /in' t :

Prcssuft

7T" inside blork will rnoue

h th" righLhandsidc onJ

fi. Prcssut<
Commin3 fro^l;nl

6il gah /1, 6,4t. sy:[c*

 . l{ (lo presrr,, ^ lncI ir egual lo ptesiu(L in linct , (he ins;de

blockwill stay in ils prarc,and

(Ais my rcsult Lo cut (slop) on!

suppj fro,n linc1 and lin,2. la lhr. 6r'oh. :yslcrn.

hydraulic

Jn casc ol in linc! and line2', [h,

some pressure shutll, uaJu'

t'o a ll ow Press(rre fro^ oneof

con b* dcsigncd in q wcy in orde'

th.-s"pplJ l*rt ta fl o la I A, 6.altc lystem'

of lin't
f, , PtcssutL

of
h: Ptsswt
linl. L

ncxt
fl: areaof P:lo'"
k lincI

ncr]
Ar : atca al PiS[on
ta lin. 1-

P = E = P, and A,>A,

i: f A, anl {= PAt ===b". f > {;

f ) {, , (A,n lA- rhs;d. blork u ll m6vc {a li," rght hanoi

5ide giuinj priariLTl" lineI {o livc iIr lryd'oulicfl,id h {l*

b,oh. tyslnt.
 llrdulaLa,

lilid
( 5e. fiju,, 3 in pogc tn fo' a Simp mod*rlolorJ

St;J unils'
Aaut onti-_
. /ToJulo[o,sa(c usc] in b,ah" 55rlerns{hat

64hen(A. brahrsore applicl, (ht h5d,aulii-fluiJ comni(f fro^

il" ' *h;'h in (u'n'i L pusl*s

b'ak..hydraul;c s|slen Push{A' pislan

(h, hydraul;, oit(afl,, ilc 1>itl*l h $. b,ak, unib'A{1" { / . a l ,

s il"o,,6h th- res[ri<lor o' fitt

{" il,
rcs[, icl*d f lui') Pt*' Patsc

anLi- shid sysLcn.

Ant;- sk;d:
It is a syslc* $"t avercornes Sliclinj of c.rh..lr o^ itc ot aY

olhr, ,na! ( !;hc l/r.- frBs >Ystc^in 'o's) '

samc ho* similar la ffrt tnodillaLor

7I, onti- sh;d uqJucis

( gflvJ
XT Braft.,^sledg ualuc

of lh. Aydrauli.syulc'n
, ft ir a uolue lhot [ah's lAt prcssara
^ -'a r P-^-
( dircclsPrcSslrte lrun llt.
and five it out [o t/,c 6taht units

air cra$ hgdrauli, syile* h lk btaht uniLs)

( 5cc pa1c tU
 m
rt, ^, k),nj udlue alsogtueran arL;ficial
brak._
frrt [a {4, pilot.

7[" p; lot fcrls "tilh relilLanct (hat $iuts hi^ an impresjionof (A,

apera[ion o F /A. bmhc syslem

Fx fillerna Le brah- prouision

fiu{o*aLic selccto'ual'c

lnc 7

( f,o^ :ysLa. linc z

/
f,o^ syslc^z)

{o [,okr- sysle^

, $ sysle^I foil, , (k [tach rnsid. $, aulamalic selccboruoluc'

tfiovcs in (4, {ef t Aonds,aL d;rrrjion a llo*rnX i;gd.,aul;' Ptcssu(tf'o^

sys[c^L f" go k $" b,ah"s$sl*'

( 5.. ftgu,,5 tn Pagc l'U - il"

TFis diogra^ shaws hydrauliccirtuit

fA"bis usd to sclccI onc of (1, apcraltll lines. Naurxlly, il,

5ysle^ nqrn&,I il sel. ,1.d, brcous- ;t hot (h, priori\. I F sysle*1

foits, {4, aulurali, sclcclor uoluc 'uill open(4, *oJ fo,

rytlcnL.
 .^n
,Jt?t:i

*
y'f,nr^ofi. :yrl.-
_/

lF a l! hyrlraul;, rysle*s o.rL foilrd, (A" b,ohrs

canb. ope,a1rdby

a penu*a kc Sys
[em.

7[, p e n u m a L i t( a k r s i L s p l , n e (f r o ^ a b o l l l c / / , o t hasftn,prcxcJ

n ilt ogsn sLotedin it - 7T, " prnu^alil. brch. sel.clo, ,.roJvc

" opcnJl/,"

*oJ fo, (amprtssrJ nilrogen[a push b.c,t. ftuiJ {a l/'"'shuttlcuolu.'

, T. Lro/, orl;rn hcrcas* wilA tn6rero[alnnaf tA, honJl,of lA,

bra&. seleclor
penumaLir . 7tr, shuttle ualuc alla*t fo, eilAer
ualue

ptnrrnalil. al hyd,6ulir syslc,^ta aperate(h. b'akcs.

T^sft, lub.-is used [" prrcent ar1 Sascs[o enle, rhla (A,

6'a$.1.

( 5s. pof, l't fo, dagro^ af penunafusytlen)

5p*d meoSuring

,"2.hcrl
, 7tr, htho^rl* Larho*eLer ( troloting)
{ s[a Lio,.'oy)
I h.
measurcs
t t. t
rolaInna] tprd oI l / , .u , h c r.l
 T[" oir crall'sperd it aslculal'd f,*" ll* measurcJ
uolucaf

-hrr! ,otot;*al >pe.J and {A. *herl d io,nelur.

,4/olrt ,

hJhentA" part;o,yb,oh,;erc applirJ, a l] olf,g b,ok" ^odrs arc

inh;b;led.Alsa,*l,rn /A, po,k b,ak, paweris actruol.d,a/l ail"

brakoa(e d. ocLiuat.J.

In air bus A jfi , AJLI, anl A321,

{A, park braht swilcA is

IoratrJ in th.. prdulaI in tA, uckpit

6 operok tA" Parkhot"

putt (1, La llon uP anJ 'olal.*

iL (o l/,r-"aN' d;rrrtion

7[. rtoftr'el hrahl-sysle- hat na inditaiionrn th, (ockii. 0n (A,

olhc, hand,- ilr- allernolc bro[. .ryllcrngiuer an f nd;rclionin th,-

cockpi t *Aen operaled

If a Aydrauhcpump '! failcd, lh* a ccunulalo, (an ,upfb hgcl,aultc

iluid h operalc tl,.- b,akrs obaubr{) {i*rr.

( (".Lurc 5)

disks
b,ak, iacL r o LA r d i s I
5Lo,Io,
/
\** /
Aylrauli' f /uid
sulply f,o^ I l'.-
m oin hyd rcu /i t sy lctn

5i^p/;ftrd
I
f
c/iog,am far (h, b,ak. rysfcrn
t,JAeelax, { ro{al;ry
iha*nj 5lofor and ra{,, J;sht urilh lA, a'lr.l

. [JArn {A" brok.-syslcn is appl;ed, hydraulic f/";d (omm,ll fi*

rnain hydraul;t sysle

m l, ' 7trt lycl'aul;'
/1, floeslo /A. bro iarLt
(1" p is lon un*l sutfa*s of !A, Slalarand
Prassureft1oue, fi,

ralu disks,ntrt. 7tr, slab, dxk *ill slap lhr rolo,d*J' fto*

ra latton by frirl*n forrl-,

. &ra*. sysLcn ,5 applicd,.

and rala,anJ stola, d,sl t a(c

in canlact

, 7tr rnorc {1, Ajdraul;, prcssurc./A, ma(eit lA, f}irl,an bc[*rr,j

ralar and r{alor dU*s , }6 air craf { will slop runninj in Smollr, lrne.
 E
7firrc a(c I ltld,aulic 5upplics h lA, b,ah, 5yrIcrn, aftc of /l'-
i s {A" rrtoin hyd,aulic sys
lcm and I h, ollr* anc il a lkrnal, syrie. .

7F. e Aydrau/;, >yslc^f a(c connrrlri la tl," slalar dis* o t

Sha-n in th. diag,o^ le lo,

dish

blerd fo,
hyd,arlirsrppry\

hyd raul;c
blcrd fo, ,/ supplT1
./
hy"lrouli,wp/y

lnhs Lel*rrn
cSlinders

p r lons

[inhs belwecncylndus:

7F, Agclraul;, fl"iJ ;s sup li ed la anc a| ( h, tg linclcrs

, (A, " l;nk
'
be{*cert cgl;ndcts supply lAd rorlr, flu;rJ la tl* rerf ol g lth6le*.

B lecd '

It ir lA' fl";d cxil du,ing bmk, apriralion.

 I ',,
l-aq
L--rJ
\

ualueS'

\iG
W
Nitrog en

b l er d u o l u c

lrsiLlt plug
nchl
( r o s s sc c I i d n #
r olo,
f bolo,
of {A, *hrcl d;sh
disJE
f h a*inj ll. ilu J ualrc

blod ualu..
Ttr. Llr.d uolu.-wi th r-7?
(4, f,a'ELL
ptuf.nrlal, UL_Fusilt'Pt"J

,t fuilLl" plu3 melal,

7tr. nilrogen insiclc (A, lyr c is und* ptcsturI . J{ hord bratrs

Qrc danc, h,th 'hrio| i: produccd due [o f.irlion 6clr.r., lyc and

ground, and bel*een Sl,ola,onJ rala, clrsts. 7fris Aealgeneralcd

reochcslo fA. coffipress.J niLragen and will incrcaic ils prcsso,rc,

anJ lA" nitragen

irvreascd prc;iu(e ,na| crzutcefp losian
Io llx

$rc.
 E
' 5aftl cantig)eralions
must 5e don< n SucA cascs,
be(ausf, i{

(he (yrrs a(e expladerl, ly,, par|s * i l l

$e drsL,oy/A, fusrlagc

and wings

7tr"Srneraled hcoL ftachct also to lh, 6le.J ualrc,and

{Ais

h r o L i s enougl'la melt lA< f$iblc pr*J

melat. { TA, {usi6r"ptrl

m e l a l is a ntlal *ilh Io* mcll,nS point such as lcad),

' 4l dory
Erou, arnounLt
al heat, (A" fus;blept:l ,nelolmells,

ond lk b]erJ ualueis open

ed. p r cssedn i l, ojen insidc (k
78. co",,

[g,, lLrn ,ushcs ilrtoyh lhc bl..J uclue

. lE. rcsullof ilot

is reduclionof nilragenprcssurc jnsidc#, lyrc and * /A, iamr

I i*, , [A, d,sfr arc coahd by fA. nit rcgtn commingaut Ih,

6lr.d udluer

78, brat,ng
syslc, har a lc*p eraLure transni tte, in
ardcr to gi,a

hc pilaLdata abaut $, {r*p*ro{ur" of il, b,ok. syslcn.

Sotne oir rra$r houl- & coarin3 sysrcrn lo $r 6ra*. sysrcrn

5ucAas 6.af. fon,

and (ltis fon aperateswhen le^pera iurc at

btaf. :yslc'n cxcc.ds 6 cerLainualuc.

xrr AnL;shid:

, 71, onli st;d sysLcm {i*;ls !A, lyd,ault, supp\ lo l/,, brahrs

in ardcr [o preuenL (A, uhrrl fro^ sl;ctinj o^ ground*tlhout

ro|ation. ( 78- same idca of n BS sys[ernin cors)

, 7fr, [acha me lrr measu(esil, w[er! spccd,onJ send ILs

ualue La (4, compu

hr o( conLralunil . A crard;ng la $.

air crafl sperd relalivc lo l/,, spccd, li," canlrdluniL

$,,

Sendsa signaI la lA" bro,{, hydrau lic iupplJ unit in arJct

(t increaseat d"crease t/,.- hydraulicprcssua

. 7E;, ri follo*rJ

bJ ^o;;ng {A, air crafl decelerotlon*tlh;n thrcregt;rcJran1cs.

'l/oLt .

5 Ler,;"g and ta,un7 n [A. Sarnc I rmc ir .

not poss$]c

It it is re\uircd {o {urn (A. air craf! nrorc(/,on t/,, ron$c

oI li,, [o,'tnj anglc, {Ae h,ryuc t;nk (an hc uniqslalled.

Ae

ilis conJilian, nose whc"l can ,o[at, a t 3(a'

Rang, of loarnj anglc

F,, P"ll ol ,,,
(and rhq q ca(s is u sed * l,rn a l! tA,
urJ hgdw,ll* ryslcn,s
(hal fr.d fi, I t.
randtnq
JJ
Qcars arc fai l.d.

florrrdurc to apen clas, l/,. drca

f a f (4. {and;y
fl e ars rr,tonu
all7,

J - ,(e*ou, saf.b p,a

pl..rngc,
i' - fusA {Acptunfler
vhly ph
(re*oordJ
3 - Kalol, tA, canlrolhandl..

( 7trecaoLralhondle openso L1 pass

ua luc tn irda La d;sabl, l/,. l.,xd, a uli,

po, c, fro^ {A, Aglrarft<
acluaLa,-of t/," da"r)

rflTg sFr
T I E f u H H ST E
F I U JN N T E N