EE - 103 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

3rd SEMESTER

LAB INSTRUCTOR: ENGR. ALI HASSAN

SESSION: ME-14 SECTION: A GROUP: 11

GROUP DETAILS
LAB LISTEN
NAMES LAB REPORT TOTAL
CMS ID PERFORMACE LEARNT /
(4) (10)
(4) VIVA (2)
ZEESHAN AMJAD 405971
AMEN TUFAIL 407513
EISHAAL SAJJAD 424434

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

(SMME)
 TITLE: VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN’S THEOREM

OBJECTIVES:
❖ Introduction to Thevenin’s Theorem
❖ Measuring Voltage across some Particular Resistor
❖ Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem

COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS:

❖ Breadboard
❖ Resistors
❖ Multimeter
❖ Wires
❖ DC Power Supply
❖ TinkerCad

STEPS AND PROCEDURES

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
❖ Remove 𝑅𝐿 and Power Sources (Short Circuit Voltage Sources) and Open Circuit (S).

❖ Find equivalent resistance of remaining circuit from AB (point/Node) of 𝑅𝐿 removal and call it 𝑅𝑡ℎ .

𝑅𝑡ℎ = 𝑅1 || 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
❖ Find 𝑉𝑡ℎ (Voltage between A and B) considering all power sources.
𝑅2
𝑉𝑡ℎ = × 𝑉𝑆
𝑅1 + 𝑅2
where 𝑉𝑠 = 20V

❖ Build Simplified Circuit.

 ❖ Find 𝑉𝐿 using the following formula:
𝑅𝐿
𝑉𝐿 = × 𝑉𝑡ℎ
𝑅𝐿 + 𝑅𝑡ℎ

CALCULATIONS

❖ For the Circuit which is stated above,

𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 𝑅1 ||𝑅2 + 𝑅3
Where, 𝑅1 = 326.38 𝑘𝛺 | 𝑅2 = 222 𝑘𝛺 | 𝑅3 = 2.2 𝑘𝛺
𝑅2
THEVENINS VELOCITY: 𝑉𝑇𝐻 = × 𝑉𝐶
𝑅1 +𝑅2

Where, 𝑉𝐶 = 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑= 20 V

𝑅𝐿
VOLTAGE ACROSS LOAD: 𝑉𝐿 = × 𝑉𝑇𝐻
𝑅𝑇𝐻 +𝑅𝐿

𝑅𝐿 = 336.6 𝑘𝛺
TINKERCAD
THEORETICAL EXPERIMENTAL
SIMULATION
𝑽𝑳 5.79 5.1 5.78

𝑽𝑻𝑯 8.1 8.061 8.09

𝑹𝑻𝑯 (𝒌𝜴) 134.39 132.61 134

EXPERIMENTAL VALUES

𝑽𝑻𝑯
 𝑽𝑳

𝑹𝑻𝑯

SIMULATIONS

EISHAAL SAJJAD (424434)

𝑹𝑻𝑯
 𝑽𝑻𝑯

𝑽𝑳

AMEN TUFAIL (407513)

𝑹𝑻𝑯
 𝑽𝑻𝑯

𝑽𝑳

ZEESHAN AMJAD (405971)

𝑹𝑻𝑯
 𝑽𝑻𝑯

𝑽𝑳

CONCLUSION

Thevenin's Theorem is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering and circuit analysis that simplifies
complex circuits by replacing them with a simplified equivalent circuit. The theorem states that any linear, time-
invariant circuit with multiple sources and resistors can be replaced by a single voltage source (Thevenin voltage)
in series with a single resistor (Thevenin resistance). This simplified circuit will have the same voltage-current
characteristics as the original circuit when connected to an external load.
 LESSONS LEARNED

❖ Thevenin's equivalent circuit is a powerful tool for simplifying the analysis of complex circuits. By replacing
a complex circuit with a simple equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source and a resistor, Thevenin's
theorem allows us to easily calculate the voltage and current at any point in the circuit. One advantage of
using Thevenin's theorem is that it allows us to analyse a circuit without having to know the internal details
of the circuit. This can be very useful for analysing circuits that are black boxes, such as integrated circuits
or power supplies. One disadvantage of using Thevenin's theorem is that it can be difficult to find the
Thevenin equivalent voltage and resistance for complex circuits. Additionally, Thevenin's theorem is only
applicable to linear circuits. AMEN TUFAIL (407513)

❖ From this experiment I have learned that Thevenin's Theorem allows you to simplify complex electrical
circuits. It states that any linear electrical circuit, consisting of voltage sources, current sources, and resistors,
can be replaced with a simplified equivalent circuit. This equivalent circuit comprises a single voltage source
(known as the Thevenin voltage) in series with a single resistor (known as the Thevenin resistance). This
theorem also enables you to predict the voltage and current behaviour at any point in the circuit by using
this simplified Thevenin equivalent model. It simplifies circuit analysis by abstracting away the intricate
internal details of the original circuit. EISHAAL SAJJAD (424434)

❖ This experiment has provided me with a valuable insight into Thevenin's Theorem, which offers a powerful
method for simplifying complex electrical circuits. This theorem stipulates that for any linear electrical
circuit composed of voltage sources, current sources, and resistors, it is possible to replace the circuit with
a more straightforward equivalent model. This simplified model comprises a solitary voltage source, termed
the Thevenin voltage, connected in series with a single resistor, referred to as the Thevenin resistance. One
of the significant benefits of Thevenin's Theorem is that it allows us to anticipate voltage and current
behaviour at any point within the circuit by utilizing this streamlined Thevenin equivalent representation. In
essence, it streamlines circuit analysis by abstracting the intricate internal complexities of the original circuit,
making it a powerful tool for engineers and electricians. ZEESHAN AMJAD (405971)